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الانسجام الصوتي في خطب العرب ووصاياهم في عصر ما قبل الاسلام == Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments in the pre - lslamic

Author name: علي عواد ميزر الزبيدي
Supervisor name: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Pre - Islamic prose is still inexhaustible source of knowledge, scholars and others, of different levels and disciplines, make use of it as it is a subject carries art connotations. Undoubtedly, speech is the most significant means of communication among individual people and groups, and it is the most needed means of persuasion, satisfaction and influence in a recipient. Speeches and commandments are considered the most important means to which speakers resorted to in order to impact and persuade recipients. Those who are interested in the Pre - Islamic era speeches and commandments could find that there's a kind of a clear acoustic harmony. In other words, he sounds of the words they use are compatible with the intensity, softness, preaching, guidance, command and prohibition. These are carefully used for the purpose of achieving the desired purpose and getting spread among people, then easily memorized and used.The study is in an introduction followed by four chapters, then a conclusion of the most significant results found. The introduction has served the title (Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments). The first chapter has paid much attention to study a syllable and importance of an acoustic harmony in forming an acoustic syllabic texture, which is under the title (Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments). It consists of three sections, preceded by a preface stating ( syllable, its types, its characteristics). The first section is devoted to the study of assigning the correct verbs to pronouns, while the second deals with rebalancing an acoustic texture, and the third shows disapproval of succession of proverbs in the Arabic structures.The second chapter has discussed the harmony in neighboring sounds in context, which includes three sections. In the first section, there's a study on the diphthong phenomenon, in the second typicality, and in the third section a paradox phenomenon has been elaborated on. While the third chapter has paid much attention to study the phenomenon of vowel letter change and exchange. The fourth chapter goes on discussing an acoustic harmony in rhythmic phenomena in Arab speeches and commandments, containing three sections. The first section discloses repetition, while the second is on acoustic harmony, and the third focuses on an acoustic aesthetic assonance.The study has come with the following results : • This study is the first of its type in the field of Arab Speeches and Commandments in the Pre - Islamic era.• The speeches and commandments are considered the most important means of influence and persuasion on a recipients.• The study disclosed the influence of an acoustic harmony on sound syllables in Arab speeches and commandments.• Diphthonging seeks to achieve an acoustic harmony among neighboring sounds in the context in Arab speeches and commandments.• The study showed how Pre - Islamic speaker sought to create consistency and harmony among different sounds in the context.• The study disclosed that the acoustic repetition in Arab speeches and commandments is clear phenomenon, which was achieved through a number of levels, once through repeating a sound or word or a syllable. • The study disclosed that assonance of different types is a prominent sign in Arab speeches and commandments

خطاب الوعظ في نهج البلاغة : دراسة في لسانيات النص == Preaching Discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagha : An Analytical Study from the perspective of Text Grammar

Author name: علاوي ريسان كاطع العسكري
Supervisor name: نوري حساني علوان الكاظمي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The latest appearance of methods of researches associated with text grammar and analysis of discourse in 1960c caused an important change in the way of linguistic studies represented by a transfer from text to discourse as a complete unit. This direction attracts the attention of many researchers, some of them tried to find its origin and other tried to apply the foundation of this method on texts.As attempt to mix the heritage with modernity and to search heritage by new methods, we found the importance of applying this method on texts from heritage. Since Imam Ali' speech is described as lower than Allah' speech and higher than creatures' speech, I found that there are many reasons that attract me to have such a travel. Discourse has different forms and purposes, this thing led us to choose ''Preaching Discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagh : An Analytical study from the Perspective of Text Grammar''. Discourse is both spoken and written. Since discourse exists in letters and trusteeships, we decided that the title of the dissertation should be about discourse. This study consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The introduction is divided into three parts, the first part is an illustration of text and discourse, the second part includes an explanation of method of text grammar, its history and its well - known theorists and the third part is devoted to show types of discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagh, definitions of preaching discourse, the nature of discourse and its subjects according to Imam Ali. The four chapters are : Chapter One is divided into two parts, the first part describes lexical alloying and the second part illustrates grammatical alloying. Chapter Two is also divided into two parts, the first part is about denotative relationships, the structure of a text and the arrangement of the actions of discourse. Chapter Three is divided into three parts, the first part is about purposeful criterions which is associated with the producer of the text, the second part is about the acceptability of text which is connected with the recipient of the text and the third part medially. Chapter Four shows the criterions which are outside of the text. At the end of this study, some conclusions are arrived at. This study is descriptive and analytical. I begin with describing phenomena and then analyze these phenomena by using scientific ways and means

الاحتجاج الصرفي عند شراح الشافية في القرن الثامن الهجري == Morphological Evidence According To Al - Shafiya's Interpreters In The Eighth Hijri Century

Author name: باسم محمد عيادة الحلفي
Supervisor name: ليث داود سلمان
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The researcher may be tired and aware of his transfer from a chapter or a subject to another or from a science to another, but all this disappears when he gets the results of the study. When the result is the fruit of his labor and long efforts, his transition is nothing but comfort and pleasure. Of the most important findings of the study are as follows : - The evidence is a mental behavior to which a person is entitled in matters that deprive him of proving or denying it by means of various mental evidence based on general principles and rules that cannot be proven or denied. - The study proves that the evidence proves the speech of the author of his honesty, such as the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet (peace be upon him) and the words of the Arabs before his mission, in his time, and beyond. - It confirms that the witness and citation are no different from the evidence in terms of concept, both are linguistic evidence used by the grammarians to either confirm or deny. Therefore, between the evidence and the citation in general and specific due to the fact that they are equal in meaning and use, both are equal in that they prove the validity of the rule and opinion. However, the study proves that this general referred to as not being launched, there is another view is that the evidence is more than the citation because it is mind and transport either citation is only by transformation. - What has been proven in the study is that there are some terms that are very close to the two terms of evidence and citation : representation, ideals and examples. - What the study confirms is the use of large - scale the term evidence by the ancient scientists, but they expressed it in different words like cited, proving citation, and argument, and many more. - The study shows that there are many bases that are supported in the evidence by scientists that can be referred to as sources of evidence, which are generally transient and mental. The first, such as the Quran, Hadith of the prophet, and his evidence, and poetry and prose of the Arabs, proverbs and dialects. The second deals with analogy and morphology. There is a third type that does not include them, and this is what we call the other evidence. - What we have reached in our results is that the interpreters did not get out of the circles of the temporal and spatial evidence. They cited with the rules established and ruled by the grammarians in which they may be invoked, and the tribes did not depart from the tribes in which the eloquence and the statement from which the evidence is taken.

القصيدة الاعلامية في الشعر العراقي المعاصر منذ عام 2003 الى 2017م == Informative poem at Contemporary Iraqi Poetry Since2003 to 2017

Author name: باسم حساب راشد العبادي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The reader of the contemporary Iraqi poetic works after the year (2003) and in the framework of poetic literature finds the emergence of poetic texts within the context of the media investing aesthetic through transmission to a means or a publicity holder, or news of what is outside the text in the basic degree ... This led to a decline in aesthetic value Within its teleological dimension in front of the topics arising from the conflict of ideological and ideological differences of the Iraqi society and the result of the new reality of cultural openness. This is justified by the adoption of poets in the construction of texts on the elements of popular attraction : objectivity, such as politics, religion, faith, doctrine and important events, and artistic with visual, musical, visual, inspirational, direct, and spontaneous, motivational, emotional, etc. to achieve propaganda, The political ... Through this, the idea of (the media poem in contemporary Iraqi poetry since 2003) was the subject of study ... What distinguishes our study is its comprehensiveness of the manifestations of the thematic issues in a period of time has not studied any study in this area, the era after 2003, which dealt with the poetic output until the end of 2017 as this period of the product is rich in conflicts and media issues ... As for the methodology of the research, the researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach based on monitoring the most important subjects in which the poets participated and then analyzing the texts to uncover the most important means of popular and artistic mass appeal adopted by the poets as informational marketers. The nature of the study imposed the paths of the work and was divided into three chapters preceded by a preliminary and followed by a conclusion and a list of sources and references. The introduction under the title (Political, Social and Cultural Changes in Iraq after 2003 was a brief reading). The first chapter came within the title of the media poem term and roots. It included three topics. The first topic was entitled (The media poem is a reading of the term). The title of the second subject (roots of the media poem in the Arabic poetry from the ignorance to the Abbasid period) Poeticism of the 20th century media poem) The second chapter was entitled "The manifestations of politics, the homeland, the society in the media poem" and included three topics : the first topic (the political poem), the second section is its title (homeland in the media poem) The third chapter entitled "The features of the active scene in the media poem" came in the first section entitled (religion in the media poem .. manifestations and multiple visions). The second topic was titled (manifestations of the interaction of the event in the media poem) The title of the third section (Other manifestations in the poem Media). The chapters were concluded with a conclusion that dealt with the most important findings of the researcher in this study.

الشعر العربي في العراق في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر : دراسة في ضوء النقد الثقافي == Arabic poetry in Iraq in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries : a study in the Light of cultural criticism

Author name: سجاد شعبان حسن
Supervisor name: حسين عبود حميد الهلالي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Cultural criticism is based on criticizing the cultural patterns that involve the literary and cultural discourses; these are implicit patterns hiding behind the explicit ones. The patterns in the concept of cultural criticism are not only linguistic or literary, but they are cultural content patterns implicitly involved in the discourse that are elicited by explicit patterns. Exploring these patterns requires cultural reading based on accurate and wide knowledge of the studied cultural discourse. A heavy reliance on the interpretation and exploration effort and discourse analysis is needed to discover these culturally implied patterns. Cultural criticism provides the addressee with studies that discover the reality of the literary texts whether they are poetry or prose. It looks at them through a neutral, scientific and honest telescope that aims at studying the marginalized patterns that literary criticism neglected. While literary criticism is concerned with elite texts, cultural criticism is concerned with people's literature that was off - shadowed during the previous eras, it relates the texts to its contexts and circumstances, it also makes use of the human and philosophical sciences. We depended on this approach to study Iraqi poetry. After investigation we discovered the paucity of literary studies that tackled Iraqi literature from the perspective of cultural criticism between the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. For this reason the topic entitled (Arabic Poetry in Iraq during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries : a Study in the Light of Cultural Criticism).The study has been divided into four chapters preceded by an introduction and a prelude and followed by conclusion that involved the most important results and a list of references. The prelude has been formulated according to two ways, the first of which tackled the image of the Iraqi poetry during this period, while the second has dealt with the concept of cultural criticism and cultural patterns. The first chapter is about (The manifestations of the ego), while the second chapter is about (The manifestations of the other). Chapter three deals with (Political Patterns/ the poet and the authority). Chapter four tackles the social patterns, it is entitled as (The Text and the dominance of cultural patterns).

الرواية السيرية في الادب العراقي الحديث == The Autobiographical Novel in Modern Iraqi Literature

Author name: ميثم هاشم طاهر هارون الموسوي
Supervisor name: مشتاق فالح عبيد الفضلي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Autobiographical Novel has its remarkable presence in the modern Arabic art especially in Iraq due to its abundance capabilities which have assisted novelists to formulate identity of the world. It is common that they sacrifice their life which is full of miseries to serve fictions. Novelists believe that such lives deserve to narrate. The importance of this study comes from rarity of studies that dealt with Autobiographical Novel in Iraq. In order to enrich an Arabic narrative library in general, and the Iraqi one in particular, we endeavor to cover this rare part of the critical studies through this thesis entitled ( Autobiographical Novel in the Iraqi Modern Art).This these has come in three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion.As to the theoretical preliminary chapter, the researcher intends to shed light on a briefed historical account about presence and decline of identity in the Iraqi art. Then, researcher focuses on the problematic concept of an Autobiographical Novel including its limits, its idiom and its conceptual construction through which we are up to answer the question : "What's it? Following that, we go to answer the problem of justification, "why?".Researcher, at the end of the preliminary chapter, set methodology on which "coincidence of horizons" will be guided. This concept is consisted from : composer, narrator and character. This, definitely, could shape a quality identity, narrative construction and story implications. This opens doors wide to practical part of study which is of three chapters. The first chapter is entitled " a qualitative horizon : author - reader". In this chapter, the researcher is after answering question of "a qualitative identity infused in Autobiographical Novel and its evidence" through solidarity between an author - reader, on one hand, and investigation and imagination, on the other hand to approach identity infused in Autobiographical Novel . However, ambiguity is not within the topic of novel/biography, but within the topic of imagination/investigation, disclosing illusion that links novel to imagination and investigation to Autobiographical Novel . Also, there is no objection to entry of imagination in non - literary works, and no objection as well to inclusion of investigation in novels. This chapter section are considered as evidence of the hypothesis of infused identity.In the second chapter "constructive horizon : author/narrator", the researcher answers the question about characteristics of Autobiographical Novel and its superiority as far as possible internally from other types of fiction. It is composed within the question "how?" after bringing "author - narrator - narrated to - reader" together in the narrative scheme. The answer will be determined through " author - narrator" of their relation to the story "text - the constructed" and narration, base on the two narrators : Tzvitan Todorov and Gerard Genet.The last chapter, third one, entitled "semantic horizon : author - hero", a semantic question in Autobiographical Novel . This would not be recognized through searching for a set of topics form semantics for fear of the subject might be drawn to defects weaken this study. However, this could be achieved through on the topic dominating an Autobiographical Novel of the hero - author which is deemed to be a semantic requirement specifically in the Iraqi Autobiographical Novel . "Melancholic Autobiographical Novel " is eventually the study focus which is created by the hero. Following sorting of its characteristics in the Autobiographical Novel , it's time to mention formation of melancholic Autobiographical Novel , causes of its formation, shedding light on dimensions of a melancholic hero and a model recitation for melancholic Autobiographical Novel .

الرؤية الفلسفية في شعر المعري : قراءة تاويلية == The Representation of Philosophical concept In Al - Ma’arri,s Poetry Interpretational study

Author name: سالم عبد النبي جابر العقابي
Supervisor name: سلم حسب حسين
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study deals with the philosophical concept in Al - a’arri’s poetry. It depends upon the interpretational and real analysis of Al - Ma’arri’s poetry.Most of the previous studies concerning the same object depends upon historical and literal approaches. These approaches are traditional that they didn’t consider the interpretational analysis in determining the central meaning as a core idea for arguing the philosophical concept of that poetry.However, the philosophical concept of the poet appears various forms (patterns) within his poetry and takes different styles. This study uses an approach which depends on some the modern approaches that never negle ct the poet himself.The most important idea of the present study is : Universe, an, and life. This idea represents in the following real steps in distending the text : The study of the interlinked implications of the text Determine the control implications of the text.Clarify the philosophical concept as a message towards the reader.This study divides into three chapters. Chapter one tackles the philosophy of the universe which presents the stars and plants as its main theme. Also it deals with the philosophy of the time.The second chapter presents the most important issues the Man : diectonomy of life and death, and diectonomy of reason and religions.The third chapter studies the most essential important issues that are related to the society : the social concept, political concept, and educational (cultural) concept. The study ends with some of the results that are related to Al - Ma’arris poetry.

الشعر في العصر الفاطمي : دراسة في مرجعياته الثقافية

Author name: احمد حمد سليمان النصر الله
Supervisor name: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Fatimi state was a separate entity from the Abbasies in 296 AH on the African side of the Islamic state in Kairouan and then they took Egypt as the seat of their caliphate and Cairo as their capital and expanded the area of the Fatimid caliphate to the east, including the Levant, Yemen and Hijaz. The era of the Fatimi state was one of the most fertile periods in the history of Islamic civilization. It was at the peak of its maturity and intensity in all aspects of human knowledge, mental sciences, social prosperity, creativity and translation through creative communication with other civilizations in the countries reached by Islam. Conquests or creative intellectual cross - fertilization with other peoples and civilizations such as Persian, Indian, Greek and Roman. What was decreed by the poetry and culture of the care of the Fatimi caliphs and the care of their contributions in advancing the advancement of civilization and cultural development forward by establishing many mosques, public libraries, science workshops and councils of wisdom and encouraging scientists and poets and giving gifts to them contributed to the establishment of a broad scientific and cultural movement, The Fatimies had a high level of knowledge, love of science, and the bringing together of scholars, some of whom supervised direct supervision of seminars in mosques and councils of wisdom, some of them lecturing on the apostates and learners. Egypt has been the seat of ancient civilizations and inhabited by races and races, all of which had the most prominent effect in advancing the development of forward and enrich the minds and provide them with new factors and provide cards that contribute to the sharpening of minds and broaden the horizons of knowledge have affected those factors cast a shadow on the literary life in Egypt, Our study, which led to the emergence of a growing poetry movement that bears the characteristics of differentiation and personality independent of others because of what the new life in Egypt and Cairo gave them from the capitals of poetic creativity and engraved in their hearts for the commercial in the many rites of prayer and its many occasions such as festivals and religious events and As well as the addition of the Fatimids of the holidays and events of their own and their doctrine, which contributed to the activation of creativity to the maximum extent. The previous factors are the result of the researcher's desire to research and change in the literature of that era of Arabic literature and in those countries living under the rule of the Fatimid was behind the choice of the title of this research for the culture and cultural heritage of the role of fundamental and effective in the creative output of that fertile period of time, (Fatimid poetry study in its cultural references) culmination of many previous cultural studies and to compliment them may contribute to the Arab library to provide more scientific knowledge and reveal what is hidden the eyes of those interested in the Arab literature in that country.The study was divided into four chapters preceded by introduction and followed by a conclusion, and we adopted the abundance of poetic output in the order of classes.The first chapter included religious culture and the faithfulness of several topics such as the culture of Quranic employment, stories, Quranic stories, the Prophet's Hadith, other religions, The second chapter included the historical culture, which includes several topics such as historical events, historical figures, spatial and relative culture. The third chapter included the social culture that included knowledge culture. The fourth chapter was the Deanship of Literary Culture, in which poetic culture, poetic culture and critical culture

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة تحليلية - طيفية لبعض اصباغ السلفا الجديدة == Synthesis, Characterization and Analytical - Spectral Study of some New Sulfa Dyes

Author name: رجاء حسین فیاض
Supervisor name: اسعد عبود علي | فاطمة مھدي الجابري
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Including preparation of six new symmetrical azodyes of selfa compounds ( sulfaguanidine , sulfanilamide and sulfadiazine , A1 - A3 respectively ) and ( mercuration of sulfaguanidine , sulfadiazine and sulfanilamide , B1 - B3 respectively ) by oxidative - coupling reaction of sulfa compounds and their mercuration with oxidizing agent ( 1,2 - nephthaquinone - 4 - methoxy ) . The color of prepared azodyes were orange to orange - redish with melting points ranges ( 275 - 312 oC ). The azodyes were characterized by C H N , FT - IR , H NMR and TG analysis. The electronic spectra of azodyes were showed max. wavelength range ( 440 - 460 nm. ).The acid - base properties were studied at pH values in the range of ( 0.7 - 12 ), the electronic spectra of azodyes were scanned at wavelength range of ( 350 - 600 nm. ) . The isopestic point of each dye were fixed and the protonation and ionization constants were determined by half - height method. The effect of solvents of different polarities on the azodyes spectra was also studied . From that spectra it was found that most of solvents no effect except for polar solvent like DMF ,which showed a light red shift ( that may be for the hydrogen bonding between dye and solvent ) . From the relation of max. wavelength and dielectric parameter of each dye , it was found that linearity or slightly deviation of linearity in case of polar solvent . That means the major effect is dielectric constant of the solvent The second subpart : The ability of using all prepared azodyes as acid - base indicators ( strong acid with strong base and weak acid with strong base ). The results were compared with that obtained from the recommended method . It was found that no significant observed between the two methods by using of relative error .The last subpart : Including complex formation between two of studied azodyes ( A1 & A3 ) with Ni2+ by forming 1 : 2 ( M : L ) complexes by aid of molar ratio method.The optimum conditions were studied which including ( the effects of , time , pH , sequence of addition and interferences ). The spectra of two complexes showed a red shift from their azodyes . The obeyness of Beer's law , molar absorbtivity coefficient , sandel resistivity , relative error , relation coefficient and detection limit were all determined . The effect of foreign ions with concentrations of ( 1 - fold , 5 - fold and 10 - fold ) on the absorbance of the complexes was also studied . The overall stability constants ( β1 & β2 ) of Niazodyes complexes were determined by using corresponding solutions method which including half - height method . The complexes were also characterized by C H N and FT - IR .Part two : Including simple , easy and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of sulfa and mercurated salfa compounds in aqueous solution and pharmaceutical compounds .This method depends on the oxidative - coupling between the reagent hydroxyl nephthaline - 4 - sulphonic acid in strong acid medium by forming colored imine - quinone dyes in max. wavelength ran ( 480 - 510 nm.). The optimum conditions which including ( volume of reagent , volume and kind of the oxidizing agent , volume and kind of the acid , sequence of additions , time effect and temperature effect ) . The electronic spectra of the dyes were carried on in the range of ( 350 - 600 nm.).This method was applied pharmaceutical compounds ( Tablets and Creams ) that containing sulfadiazine .It was found there are no significant difference between results of this method and the composition of the sulfa drugs , that observed from calculated relative rror.By the aid of C.H.N. , FT - IR and stoichiometry ( molar ratio method ) of forming the complexes, the chemical structure of the complexes Ni2+ and A1 & A3 dyes were suggested .

دراسة التاثير المخفض - المضاد لفرط سكرالدم للمركبات الكيميائية الفعالة المعزولة من النبات الطبي العراقي شوك البحر == Study of Hypoglycemic Antihyperglycemic Action of Active Chemical Compounds Isolated from Iraqi Prosopis juliflora Medicinal Plant

Author name: جمال حربي حسين السعدي
Supervisor name: عباس دواس مطر المالكي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Analytical Biochemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in glucose sugar metabolism process becauseof different reasons.leading to a great damage in body systems , therefore medicinalplants were used successfully to treat this disease .The current study was carried outIraqi prosopis juliflora to determine and investigate its hypoglycemic action in bloodof normalglycemic and alloxan induced hypoglycemic rabbits. Many generalextracts were prepared from Iraqi prosopis juliflora pod and leaves ,they are hotaqueous ,cold aqueous ,hot alcoholic ,cold alcoholic ,oils, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extract .Moreover , some chemical families were isolated from this plantsuch as phenols ,glycosides , flavonoids , tannins ,alkaloids and saponnins.Preliminary qualitative tests were carried out for all prepared extracts thenhypoglycemic and fasted alloxan - induced hyperglycemic rabbits to know activitythese extracts in decreasing blood glucose levels in these rabbits . the resultsindicated that all extracts showed good decreasing in glucose level. Oil extractisolated from prosopis juliflora leaves showed very high activity to decrease blood glucose ,levels in normalglycemic and hyperglycemic rabbits ,where significant decreasing (P<0.05) was found at second and forth hrs , significant decreasing (P<0.01) at sixth hr. and high significant decreasing (P<0.001) at twenty forth hrs. ,whereas leaves glycosides has a great ability to decrease glucose levels in normalglycemic rabbits where a significant decreasing (P<0.01) was found at second and forth hrs., and a high significant decreasing (P<0.001) at twenty forth hrs., but in hyperglycemic abbits , a high activity was recorded and led to a significant decreasing ( P<0.01) at second forth hrs., and high significant lowering( P<0.001 ) at twenty forth .whereas ,leaves tannins extract was noticed to be the lowest affiecieney in reducing blood glucose levels ere it led to a significant lowering ( P<0.01) at twenty forth in normalglycemic rabbits , while a significant decreasing (P<0.05) was recorded at twenty forth in hyperglycaemic rabbits. Leaves ,4 - (2’ - Hydroxyethyl)phenol, Trans - phytol , 24 - Methylencycloartan - 3 - one β - hydroxylup - 20(29) - en 4 - (β - D - Glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl alcohol and Sti masterin (.Were isolated ,separated ,purified and identified by thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, gas chromatography, IR - spectroscopy ,1H,C13 - NMR ,Gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy .Also study of hypoglycemic action of four these chemical compounds isolated from leaves and pods p.juliflora , the glycosidic compound 4 - (β - D - Glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl alcohol recorded strong activity as hyperglycemic action and led to a significant decreasing ( P<0.05) at second hrs., and significant lowering( P<0.01)at fourth ,sixth hrs. and high significant decline (P<0.001) at 24 hrs in normalglycemic rabbits ,while in hyperglycemic rabbits a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at second hrs. ,significant lowering P<0.01 at fourth and sixth hrs and significant decreasing (P<0.001) at twenty forth hrs. The active compound 4 - (2 - - Hydroxyethyl)phenol showed a high hypoglycemic action were significant decline ( P<0.05) at second hrs, a significant decreasing ( P<0.01) at sixth and a high significant decreasing (P<0.001) at twenty forth hrs. in normalglycaemic rabbits ,while in hyperglycemic rabbits , a significant decline (P<0.05) was at second , a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at fourth and sixth hrs., and a high significant decreasing ( P<0.001) was recorded at twenty forth hrs..Also active compound24 - Methylencycloartan - 3 - one showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) at second hrs. , significant decrease (P<0.01) at fourth and sixth hrs., and a high significant decreasing ( P<0.001) at twenty forth hrs hyperglycaemic rabbits, while the compound α - tocopherol recorded a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at sixth hrs. , significant decrease (P<0.01) at twenty forth hrs. in hyperglycemic rabbits. The toxicity for some extracts and active chemical compounds isolated from leaves and pods was studied where no hemolytic for red blood cells was found .

تحضير ودراسة تحليلية - طيفية لبعض اصباغ الازو غير المتجانسة واستخدام احدها في استخلاص النحاس الثنائي من المحاليل المائية == Preparation and Analytical Study of Some Heterogeneous Azo Dyes and Using One of Them in Extraction of Cu(II) From Aqueous Solutions

Author name: لمياء عبد اللطيف رسن
Supervisor name: اسعد عبود علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The thesis involves three parts : The first part included synthesis eight new Azo dyes,derived of Procaine and Metoclpramide : LR1R = 3 - [ ( Procaine ) azo ] - 2 - hydroxyl indoleLR2R = 2 - [ ( Procaine ) azo ] - 4,5 - diphenyl ImidazolLR3R = 2 - [ ( Procaine ) azo ] - 3 - PhenylephrineLR4R = 2 - [ ( Procaine ) azo ] Imidazol, L5 = 2 - [ ( Metoclopramide ) azo ] Imidazol,LR6R = 2 - [ ( Metocopramide ) azo ] 3 - PhenylephrineLR7R = 3 - [( Metoclopramide ) azo ] 2 - hydroxyl indoleLR8R= 2 - [( Metoclopramide ) azo ] - 4,5 - diphenyl ImidazolThey have been described by C.H.N. and Visible spectroscopic spectra and the functional groups were characterized by I.R technique like azo group of (1558.48 , 1512.19 ,1581.63 , 1508.12 , 1521.84 , 1529.55 , 1517.98 , 1533.14 ) cm - P 1 P for azo dyes (LR1R LR2R , LR3R , LR4R , LR5R , LR6R , LR7R , LR8R) respectively The Acid - Base properties were also studied spectrophotometric using buffer solutions of pH values of (0.67 - 12) in the visible region, From the spectra obtained the protonation an ionization constants of azo dyes were determined by using Half - Height method ,the isopiestic point were also established ,which indicated the suggested mechanism for the ionization and protonation steps.The effect of solvents of different polarities was also studied on the spectra shift in the visible region. It was found that linearity relation between the dielectric constants of solvents and λRmaxR this denotes the dielectric constants at the mediumis the main factor governing the band shift, except for (LR6R) azo dye which give little deviation from linearity . The second part concerns with the ability of azo dye (LR8R) for forming complex with Cu(II) , The optimum conditions for forming stable azo dye - complex were studied like pH effect , kind of buffer solution , time effect and sequence of addition of reagents by aid molar ratios method and Continuous variation method It was found that stable complex was obtained with stoichiometry of 1 : 2 ( M : L ) From calibration curve of (L8) complex , : Sandell sensitivity 2.492× 10 - 3 μg cm - 2, Detection limit 0.00977 μg ml - 1, Standard deviation 0.00193, Correlation coefficient 0.994 , molar absorbitivity coefficient 2.547×104 L mol - 1cm - 1 , specific absorbtivity 0.4012 ml g - 1cm - 1 and obeyness of Beer's law linearity up to 3.20 ppm The effect the interference of some important cations and anions of concentration (1 - fold, 5 - fold and 10 - fold ), the stability of this complex was showed through determination of their conformation constants (stability constants) by use the corresponding solution method ,by aid of using half value method .this complex had been characterized by (FT - IR) according to the different of shift relativity abundance of same active groups bundle complex comparison with privately dyes ; the azo group ( - N=N - ) and (C=N) groups.,the percentage to metal (Cu) in the complex determine by using of result Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy where found approximate the same between theoretical and measurement.The third part : involved solvent extraction of Copper(II) ions from its aqueous solution by using L8 to organic solution. This study include limitation of optimum conditions for complex formation of highest observed absorbance of λmax at complex : such as (pHex=7) ,ions concentration Copper(II) 15μg effect shaking time of two immiscible phase 15 min .the distribution ratio (D*).and extraction percentage (%E) were determination.Organic solvent effect study appeared there is not any linear relation between dielectric constant (D) of organic solvents and distribution ratio (D*) that’s mean there is not any effect for polarity of organic solvent on extraction method but there is an effect for organic solvent structure which is participate in the structure of ion pair complex extracted by formation tight ion pair or loose ion pair as well experiment result illustrate chloroform organic solvent it was the best organic solvent in extraction .Thermodynamic study include Temperature effect on extraction efficiency the experimental results demonstrate the reaction was exothermic for Copper(II) with organic reagent (LR8R) endothermic reaction , after calculation thermodynamic data ΔHRexR , ΔGRexR , ΔSRex Rshow entropy values was high that is mean complexion reaction is entropic in region

تحضير ايمايدات حلقية ثنائية وبعض مشتقاتها الكبريتية ودراسة خواصها الطيفية والتركيبية , عمليا ونظريا باستخدام نظرية دالية الكثافة == IR, NMR, MS Spectra and Structure of Some prepared Bicyclic Imides and Their Thione Derivatives; Experimental and Density Functional Theory studies

Author name: عادل امعلا ضمد ال ازيرج
Supervisor name: ناجي علي عبود
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present work involved four parts : First step concerned with the preparation some N, N’ - alkyl (aryl) bismaleimic acidsvia reaction of twice molar amounts of maleic anhydride and hydrazine for compound(A1), and different alkyl and aryl - diamines for compounds A2 - A7. The reaction wascarried out via nucleophilic attack of amino group in maleic anhydride. The structureof the compound (2Z,2Z’) - 4,4’ - (ethane - 1,2 - diylbis (azanediyl)) bis (4 - oxobut - 2 - enoicacid) (A2) was also unambiguously confirmed by X - ray single crystal structureanalysis. The white crystal crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/cwith the cell dimensions a =7.108(3), b=7.370(2), c= 20.859(6) Å, β = 91.260(4)oand Volume = 1092.65(6) Å3.Molecule is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H…O hydrogen bond. In thecrystal, molecules are connected through intermolecular N—H…O hydrogen bonds.Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds coexist to stabilize the structure.The geometry calculated of compounds A1 - A7 was optimized using a Densityfunctional theory DFT with B3LYP hybrid functional and 6 - 311G (d, p) basis set, andis in good agreement with the structure obtained by the X - ray single crystal structureof compound A2. Also the fundamental vibrational frequencies of vibrational bandswere evaluated.The second part of this study was the treatment of N,N - alkyl and (aryl)bismaleimic acid (A1 - A7) with suitable dehydrating agents lead to dehydration andcyclization producing the corresponding N,N - alkyl and (aryl) bismaleimide (AD1 - AD7).The structure of the compound 1,1’ - (sulfonylbis(4,1 - phenylene)) bis (1H - pyrrole - 2,5 - dithione) (AD7) was also unambiguously confirmed by X - ray single crystalstructure analysis. The colorless crystal crystallizes in the monoclinic system, spaceAbstractix0200040000CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2phenyl4,4' - sulfonyldianilinedirect Aliphatic AromaticWavenumber cm¯¹Types of RCH str.CH2 - N strC=O strC - Ngroup P21/c with the cell dimension a =11.698(3), b=15.002(3), c= 20.053(6)Å andβ = 98.818(2)o Volume = 3478.07(13) Å3.FT - IR spectra show the position of the absorption bands vary with the type andlength of the link spacer (R) between the two maleimide rings on the compoundsAD1 - AD7.The absorption frequency of vinyl group increases with increasing methylene aliphatic chain spacer link between two maleimides ring, the correlation between some absorption bands and the type (direct link or aliphatic or aromatic) and length of aliphatic chain link spacer (R) between the two maleimide rings in the studied compounds AD1 - AD7 shown in the chart below.In the third part, a series of new bisthimalemide derivatives were prepared by thionation the compounds AD3, AD6 and AD7 with Lawesson’s reagent LR. Subsequent reaction of bismaleimimides AD3, AD6 and AD7 with Lawesson’s reagent afforded dithio derivatives.

دراسة حيوية كيميائية لتاثير بعض المعادن الثقيلة على حالة الاكسدة مضادات الاكسدة في عمال محطات البنزين في محافظة البصرة العراق == Biochemical Study of the Effects of Some Heavy Metals on Oxidant / Antioxidant Status in Gasoline Station Workers /Basra - Iraq

Author name: سنان كاظم شنان
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Analytical Biochemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Emission of gasoline and its combustion products are consideredmajor air pollutants with adverse effects on the antioxidant systems in thehuman. The effects of exposure to the vapors of motor gasoline (vehiclesfuel in Basrah), on workers were investigated. The current study included50 workers exposure to gasoline in the gasoline filling stations, ranging inage from 18 to 56 years at a mean of (30.45 ± 9.31), in addition to thecontrol group, which consisted of 50 healthy individuals (non - workingstations filling) ranging in age from 18 to 50 years at a mean of (30.27 ±10.37).The study aims to find a number of biochemical indications and theirrelationship with exposure to gasoline by estimating the activity of the enzyme (δ - aminolaevuIinate dehydratase (ALAD)) which is considered as an indicator of the extent of poisoning by heavy metals, study the activity of enzymatic antioxidant (Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GRx), Glutathione S - transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT)), non - enzymatic antioxidants glutathione reduce glutathione (GSH), study the level of Malondialdehyde (MAD), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), trace elements (Selenium (Se), Znic (Zn), Copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg)) and heavy metals (lead (pb), mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd)) and the results were as follows : 1 - Highly significant decreasing (p <0.001) in workers in the levels of trace elements (Se, Cu, Zn) compared with healthy control, while significantly decreased (p <0.05) in the level of Mg with high significantly increased in the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) (p <0.001). On the other hand, The results indicated that trace elements (Cu, Mg, Zn, Se) were decreased with increasing of the period of gasoline station workers while for heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd) increased were observed.2 - The level of MAD, the end product of lipid peroxidation, was high significantly elevated (P<0.01) contact with a significant decreasing (p <0.05) in the level of TAC in workers when compared with healthy controls. MDA increased with the increase of the period of gasoline station workers. MDA concentrations were increased significantly, indicating the amount of cellular damage. Increase the level of MDA from pollution as the period of pollution, increased might decrease TAC in workers compared with healthy control.3 - Workers group showed a highly significant decrease in the activity of enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GRx, GST, ALAD) and level of GSH (p<0.001) compared with healthy controls. The results showed that increasing the duration of the work in the filling station to produceadecrease in the activity of the enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GRx, GST, ALAD) and level GSH. Also, the current study include the assessment of the impact of heavy metals and MDA on the levels of trace elements (Cu, Mg, Zn, Se), (GSH, TAC) and the activity of the enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GRx, GST, ALAD) through the study of the correlation coefficient (p) and the results were as follows : 1 - The level of MDA showed a highly significant negative correlation with the activity of enzymes SOD (P<0.001) and (GRx, ALAD with p<0.01), a highly significant positive correlation with levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd), a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) with levels of (Se, Zn, Mg, GSH) and activity of enzymes (CAT, GRx) and a negative correlation with no significant (P>0.05) with level of Cu and activity of GST in workers.2 - The level of Pb shows a highly significant negative correlation with the levels of trace elements Cu, Zn, Se and activity of enzymes GRx, ALAD (P <0.01), while (p <0.001) with the level of TAC, GSH and activity of enzyme GST, GPx, SOD, a significant negative correlation with level of CAT (P <0.05) and a negatively correlated with no significant with the level of Mg in workers of gasoline stations.3 - The study illustrate also a highly significant negative correlation between Hg level and levels of (Zn, Mg, Cu, TAC) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) with the level of Se and CAT, GPx, GRx, ALAD activity and a negative correlation, but not significantly with level of GSH and GST activity in serum of gasoline station workers.4 - The level of Cd showed similar behavior of other heavy metals a highly significant inverse correlation with the levels of Se, Cu, TAC and the activity of SOD (p <0.001), a significantly with the level of Zn, GSH and ALAD, CAT, GPx activity (p<0.05), while there was a negative correlation , but not significant (P > 0.05) with levels of Mg and GRx , GST activity in workers.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض البوليمرات لازالة بعض ايونات العناصر والبنتونايت من مياه الفضلات == SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTARIZATION OF SOME POLYMERS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SOME HEAVY METAL IONS AND BENTONITE IN WASTE WATERS

Author name: حسن ثامر عبد الصاحب ذياب
Supervisor name: عبد الامير حسين تعوبي | صلاح شاكر هاشم
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل بعض المركبات البوليمرية الطبيعية وهي : الكيتوسان,اللكنين والتانين من مصادر طبيعية وهي قشور الروبيان , السائل الاسود وورق الغار على التوالي , ومن ثم تحضير ثلاث بوليمرات متشابكة منها باستخدام البيوترالديهايد كعامل تشابك والبوليمرات المحضرة هي : الكيتوسان المتشابك مع اللكنين : P1 الكيتوسان المتشابك مع التانين : P2 التانين المتشابك مع اللكنين : P3 تم تشخيص البوليمرات المعزولة والبوليمرات المحضرة بواسطة تقنيات : الاشعة تحت الحمراء , مطيافية الكتلة - كروماتوغرافيا الغاز , الاشعة السينية اضافة الى التحليل الوزني الحراري لتحديد تركيب البوليمرات ومن ثم دراسة التطبيقات التحليلية لها والتي قسمت الى قسمين رئيسين هما : 1 - ازالة الايونات الفلزية : شملت هذه التطبيق دراسة تاثير كمية البوليمر , الاس الهيدروجيني . زمن المزج لاجل تحديد الظروف المثلى لازالة بعض ايونات العناصر الثقيلة ثنائية التكافؤ : الكادميوم , الكوبلت , الرصاص والزنك من المحاليل المائية حيث اظهرت التجارب ان الايونات الفلزية ازيلت بكفاءة عالية عند دالة حامضية تساوي 8 لجميع البوليمرات المدروسة . واظهرت نسبة واطئة من انتفاخ البوليمر وان هاتين الخاصيتين اساسيتين للبوليمر والذي بالامكان استخدامه كرا تنج لازالة الايونات . كذلك بينت الدراسة الحالية ان العدد الكبير من مجاميع الهيدروكسيل ومجاميع الامين على البوليمرات المحضرة (P1 ,P2 ,P3) اظهرت كفاءة امتزاز اعلى من الكيتوسان واللكنين والتانين بذاتها لذلك من الواضح ان جميع البوليمرات المحضرة اظهرت كفاءة عالية وانها بالامكان استخدامها مرة اخرى بعد اعادة تنشيطها باستخدام حامض الهيدروكلوريك ذو تركيز (3 عياري) خصوصا (P1 ,P2 ,P3) والتي اظهرت كفاءة ازالة عالية للايونات اعلى من 99% باستخدام اقل كمية من البوليمر واقل زمن (2,5 ساعة) وسهولة الترشيح عما في حالة استخدام الكيتوسان واللكنين والتانين.2 - التخثر والنزول : هدفت هذه الدراسة الى بحث تطبيق البوليمرات العضوية المعزولة والمحضرة والحاوية على مجاميع الهيدروكسيل ومجاميع الامين . حيث استخدمت هذه البوليمرات كمخثرات لازالة تعكرية اطيان البنتونايت من المياه ويعود ذلك الى وجود مجاميع الهيدروكسيل ومجاميع الامين الفعالة في تركيبها . بينت الدراسة الحالية ان المعاملة الكافية للمياه تتطلب عناية خاصة . اجري كشف الجار واختبرت كفاءة هذه البوليمرات لازالة تعكرية اطيان البنتونايت تحت ظروف مختلفة وهي : كمية البوليمر , الاس الهيدروجيني , سرعة المزج اضافة الى زمن النزول. وكذلك تم استخدام نوعين من المياه : مياه خام ومياه محضرة لايجاد ميكانيكية ازالة اطيان البنتونايت والعلاقة بين الازالة وخصائص البوليمر. بينت الدراسة ان استخدام البوليمرات المتشابكة (P1 ,P2 ,P3) لازالة اطيان البنتونايت يؤدي الى ازالة بكفاءة عالية جدا اعلى من 99% وذلك لان كفاءة الازالة ليست فقط ناتجة من اختزال البنتونايت الموجودة في الماء الى ادنى مستوى ولكن ايضا في انتاج حجم اطيان واطئ النسبة اقل من 10% من حجم الماء .كذلك ان استخدام البوليمرات المتشابكة سوف يقلل كمية المخثر المستخدم الى اقل من النصف وكذلك يقلل كلفة المخثرات الكيمياوية الى الثلث. وعموما ان استخدام المخثرات (P1 ,P2 ,P3) يؤدي الى تنزيل الاطيان بشكل اسهل واقوى واكبر من الكيتوسان , اللكنين , التانين بذاتها. حيث اظهرت البوليمرات المحضرة (P1 ,P2 ,P3) كفاءة امتزاز ممتازة بلغت 99,8% , 99,6% , 99,8% عند الظروف المثلى. ان الطريقة الفيزيو - كيميائية المستخدمة في الدراسة الحالية لمعاملة المياه تتمثل بصورة رئيسية بالبساطة ,السهولة , الكلفة الواطئة , اضافة الى كفاءة الازالة الممتازة.كذلك ان استخدام المعاملة الفيزيو كيميائية ينتج مياه بنوعية جيدة.

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية البايلوجية لبعض مركبات 4 - ثايازوليدينون المشتقة من 1, 4 - ثنائي هايدروبريدين الجديدة == Synthesis and Biological ActivityStudy of Some new 4 - Thiazolidinone compounds Derivatives From 1, 4 - Dhydropyridine

Author name: تحسين صدام فندي المذخوري
Supervisor name: تحسين عبد القادر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة تحضير بعض مركبات الثايازوليدينون المشتقة من ثنائي هايدروبريدين في خمس خطوات الخطوة الاولى : تحضير ثنائي هايدروبريدين (TA1) من مفاعلة بارا هايدروكسي بنزلديهايد مع مولين من الايثل اسيتو اسيتيت وهيدروكسدالامونيوم في الايثانول كمذيب في خطوة واحدة كما في المعادلة الخطوة الثانية : تحضير المركب (TA2) من تفاعل المركب (TA1) مع كلورو ايثايل اسيتيت بوجود كاربونات البوتاسيوم في DMF كمذيب كما في المعادلة الخطوة الثالثة : تحضير DHPs - hydrazide (TA3) من تفاعل الهيدرازين مع المركب (TA2) في الايثانول كما في المعادلة الخطوة الرابعة : تحضير مركبات الهايدروزونات (TA4 - TA15 ) من تفاعل المركب (TA3) مع عدد من الالديهايدات الاروماتيه باضافة قطرتين من حامض الخليك الثلجي كعامل مساعد في الايثانول كما في المعادلة الخطوة الخامسة : تحضير مركبات الثايازوليدينون (TA4a,TA6a - TA15a) من تفاعل المركبتو حامض الخليك مع مركبات الهايدروزوناتالمحضرة في الخطوة السابقة وباستخدام كلوريد الخارصين ZnCl2كعامل مساعدفي DMFكما في المعادلة شخصت المركبات المحضرهبالطرق الطيفيه مثل تقنية الاشعه تحت الحمراء FTIR وتقنية الرنين المغناطيسي للهيدروجين والكاربون والنتروجين 1H - NMR و13C - NMR و15N - NMR وDEPT - 135 - 13C - NMRبالاضافة الى اطياف الكتله تقنيةESI.تميز طيف IR للمركب TA1 بظهور حزمة عريضه عند cm - 13500 - 3150 واخرى عند 1660cm - 1تعود للتذبذب الاتساعي لمجموعتيOH/NH المتداخله وكاربونيل الاستر على التواليكما بين طيف 1H - NMR اشارات احايه عند الازاحه الكميائيه 9.09ppmδ وδ8.70ppm تعود لرنين بروتون مجموعةOH الفينوليهوبرتون NH العائد لحلقة DHP على التوالي وفي المركب TA2تظهر حزمتيننتيجه للتذبذب الاتساعي لمجموعتي الكاربونيل الاستريه عند العدد الموجي 11743cm - و1691cm - 1واظهر طيف 1H - NMR للمركب TA2اشارتين جديدتينالاولى متعدده نتيجه لرنين بروتوني OCH2 والثانية ثلاثية تعود الى رنين بروتونات CH3 للممجموعة الاستريه OCH2CH3 - عند الازاحه δ4.15ppm وδ1.20ppm وعلى التوالي كما بين طيف المركب TA2 ايضا اختفاء الاشارة العائده لرنين بروتونOH عند δ9.09ppm وظهور اشارة احاديه عند δ4.69ppm تعود لرنين بروتوني OCH2COمما يثبت ان مجموعة الهيدروكسيل الفينوليه هي التي عانت تفاعل اضافة وليس مجموعة الامينNH التابعة لحلقة DHP.واظهر طيف IRللمركب TA3تغير في التذبذب الاتساعي لمجموعة الكاربونيل من العددالموجي 1743cm - 1 الى عدد موجي اقل 1662cm - 1دليل على تكون المركب 3TA وفي طيف 1H - NMR للمركبTA3 فقد اظهر اشارتين احاديتين عند الازاحات الكيميائيه δ9.27ppmوδ4.30ppm نتيجة لرنين بروتونات NH وNH2 على التوالي. كما اظهر طيف IR لمركباتالهايدروزونات حزما لمجموعة الازوميثين الجديده عند العدد الموجي cm - 11612 - 1604دليل على تكون مركبات الهايدروزونات كما اظهرطيف1H - NMR للمركبات (TA4 - TA15)اشارة تعود لرنين بروتون مجموعة الازوميثين - N=CH - عند الازاحه الكميائيه δ(7.91 - 8.37)ppm مما يؤكد ذلك. اما بالنسبة لمركبات TA4a,TA6a - TA15a))فقد اظهرطيف IR عند 1718cm - 1 - 1672تعود الى التذبذب الاتساعي لمجموعة كاربونيل حلقة الثايازوليدينون الجديده دليل على تكون مركبات 4 - الثايازوليدينون المشتقة من ثنائي هايدروبريدينكما ان ظهور اشارات جديده في طيف 1H - NMR لمركبات(TA4a,TA6a - TA15a) منها اشارتين جديدتين نتيجه لرنين بروتون ( - SCHN - ) عند الازاحه δ(5.52 - 6.65) ppm وδ (5.16 - 5.67)ppm التي تدل على وجود ايزومرين فراغيين بالاضافه الى اشارات ثنائيه - ثنائيه اومتعدده نتيجه لرنين بروتونات( ( - CH2 - S عند الازاحه δ(4.60 - 3.54) وδ (3.51 - 3.89)ppm كل هذه الاطياف تؤكد صحة المركبات المحضرة بالاضافة الى اطياف13C - NMRوالكتله والتي استخدمت تقنية ESI - MS لدراسة اطياف الكتلة لمركبات الثايازوليدينون وقد اظهرت اطياف المركبات ذروه [M+H] دلالة على اتفاقها مع التراكيب المحتملة. كما اظهرت بعض المركبات TA11a ,TA4a, TA6, TA5 وTA15a فعالية تثبيطية اتجاة بكتريا E.coli وS. aureus , اما المركبات TA7a وTA8a وTA9aو TA12a وTA13a وTA14a لم تظهر فعالية تثبيطية اتجاة جنسي البكتريا S. aureus وبكتريا E.coli , وبينت الفحوصات المختبريه بان المركبات المحضره ذات سمية خلويهcellular toxicity واطئه جدا. | This study includes the preparation some of thiazolidinone compounds derivatives from dihydropyridine in five steps .1st step preparation of dihydropyridine (TA1) from the reaction of4 - hydroxybenzaldehyde with ethylacetoacetate and ammonia under reflux in ethanol . 2nd step preparation (TA2) compound from treated (TA1) with chloroethyl acetate being potassium carbonate (K2CO3) in DMF as a solvent. 3rd step preparedofDHPs - hydrazide (TA3) from(TA2) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.4th step preparation of hydrazonecompounds (TA4 - TA15) from reacted (TA3) with aromatic benzaldehyde dissolved in ethanol and presence acetic acid as a catalyst. 5th step preparation of (DHP - thiazolidin - 4 - one)(TA4a - TA15a) from convertedhydrazone compounds which are (TA4 - TA15) by treated with 2 - mercapto acetic acid in DMF and presence ZnCl2 as a catalyst.All the synthesized compounds were identified by IR, 1H - NMR ,13C - NMR , DEPT - 135 - 13C - NMR, 15N - NMR and mass spectra usingElectrospray Ionization technique.The IR spectral data of compound TA1showed strong band at3500 - 3150cm - 1 and 1660cm - 1due to stretching vibration NH/OHand ester groups, respectively.This was further confirmed by its 1H - NMR spectrum, where it displayed singlet signal at δ 9.09 and δ 8.70 ppm, which are attributed to phenolic OH and NH proton of DHP ring, respectively.The presence of two ester groups were confirmed by its IRshowed strong band at 1743cm - 1 and 1691cm - 1 due to carbonyl ester and amide respectively and 1H - NMR spectrum where in it showed multiple and triplet at δ4.15ppm and δ 1.15 ppm respectively for ester OCH2CH3 group. Appearance of a singlet at δ4.69ppm that corresponds to OCH2CO proton further confirms the proposed structure of the product.In 1H - NMR spectrum of compound TA2 disappearance of OH peak at δ 9.09 ppm clearly established that phenolic hydroxyl group was alkylated but not NH group of DHP ring.In FTIR spectrum of hydrazide TA3 shifting of carbonyl stretching frequency from 1743 cm - 1 to lower frequency 1662 cm - 1 indicated the formation of TA3. Further, its 1H - NMR spectrum displayed two singlet at δ 9.27 and δ 4.30 ppm confirming the presence of hydrazidic NH and NH2 groups. Formation of various hydrazones TA4 - TA15 from hydrazide TA3 was evidenced by their FTIR and 1H - NMR spectra. The IR spectra data of DHPs hydrazone derivatives (TA4 - TA15) showed strong band at1612 - 1604cm - 1 and 1H - NMR spectrumofTA4 - TA15showed a new peak at a singlet signal around δ (7.91 - 8.37)ppm corresponds to - N=CH - proton in the place of a singlet at δ 4.28 ppm confirming its structure.The heterocyclic system of 4 - thiazolidinone has been of compound TA4a, TA6a - TA8a, show two signal of proton - CH ( - SCHN - ) at δ(5.52 - 6.65)ppm and δ(5.16 - 5.67)ppm Corresponding to the two optical isomers form. As well as doublet of doublet or multiple signal around δ(4.60 - 3.54) ppm and δ (3.51 - 3.89)ppm attribute to methylene group( - CH2 - S).The 13C NMR and HRMS (ESI) confirms the proposal structural elucidation of DHPs thaiazolidin - 4 - one derivatives (TA4a, TA6a - TA8a), the ESI reveals the observe [M+H] is good agreement with calculate [M+H] , the biological activity of the synthesis compounds prepared as antibacterial agents as well as low cellular toxicity.

فاعلية استراتيجيتي (KUD) و(PLAN) في تحصيل الفيزياء والتفضيل المعرفي وتنمية التفكير الاستدلالي لدى طلاب الرابع العلمي == The Effectiveness strategies (KUD) & (PLAN)in Achievement of Physics and The Cognitive Preference and the Reasoning Thinking For Fourth Scientific Class Students

Author name: وليد صفر جبر
Supervisor name: نداء محمد باقر الياسري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تحدد هدف البحث الحالي بمعرفة فاعلية استراتيجيتيKUD وPLAN في تحصيل الفيزياء والتفضيل المعرفي وتنمية التفكير الاستدلالي لدى طلاب الرابع العلمي ، ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم صياغة عدة فرضيات صفرية ، هي : 1. لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث (المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس المادة المقررة وفق استراتيجية (KUD) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس المادة نفسها وفق استراتيجية (PLAN) والمجوعة الضابطة التي ستدرس نفس المادة وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل.2. لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث (المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس المادة المقررة وفق استراتيجية (KUD) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس المادة نفسها وفق استراتيجية (PLAN) والمجوعة الضابطة التي ستدرس نفس المادة وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التفضيل المعرفي نمط الاسترجاع .3. لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث (المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس المادة المقررة وفق استراتيجية (KUD) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس المادة نفسها وفق استراتيجية (PLAN) والمجوعة الضابطة التي ستدرس نفس المادة وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التفضيل المعرفي نمط تكملة المعلومات . 4. لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث (المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس المادة المقررة وفق استراتيجية (KUD) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس المادة نفسها وفق استراتيجية (PLAN) والمجوعة الضابطة التي ستدرس نفس المادة وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التفضيل المعرفي نمط المبادئ .5. لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث (المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس المادة المقررة وفق استراتيجية (KUD) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس المادة نفسها وفق استراتيجية (PLAN) والمجوعة الضابطة التي ستدرس نفس المادة وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التفضيل المعرفي نمط التطبيقات .6. لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث (المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس المادة المقررة وفق استراتيجية (KUD) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس المادة نفسها وفق استراتيجية (PLAN) والمجوعة الضابطة التي ستدرس نفس المادة وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التفكير الاستدلالي.وقد اقتصر البحث الحالي على طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في المدارس الاعدادية والثانوية في مركز مدينة الديوانية .استعمل الباحث التصميم التجريبي لمجتمع بحث مكون من طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي اذ تم اختيار اعدادية (الجواهري) بصورة عشوائية لتمثيل عينة البحث ، كما تم اختيار شعبة (ب) عشوائيا لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية الاولى وشعبة (ج) المجموعة التجريبية الثانية وشعبة (د) المجموعة الضابطة ، وقد بلغ عدد طلاب عينة البحث (84) طالبا وبواقع (28) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الاولى و(29) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الثانية و(27) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة. تم التحقق من تكافؤ المجموعتين من خلال العمر الزمني ودرجات التحصيل السابق واختبار الذكاء والمعلومات السابقة واختبار التفكير الاستدلالي .بنى الباحث ادوات البحث التي تمثلت باختبار تحصيلي مكون من (30) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد ، واختبارا للتفضيل المعرفي مكون من (22) فقرة ، واختبارا للتفكير الاستدلالي مكون من (35) فقرة.تم تطبيق التجربة في الفصل الدراسي الاول اذ كانت بداية التدريس الفعلي (10/10/2016) ونهاية التدريس الفعلي (11/1/2017) .وللحصول على النتائج تم معالجة البيانات احصائيا باستخدام تحليل التباين الاحادي (One - Way ANOVA) واختبار شيفيه (Scheffe Test) واظهرت النتائج ما ياتي : 1. تفوق المجوعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية على المجموعة الضابطة في متغير التحصيل.2. تفوق المجموعة الضابطة على المجموعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية في التفضيل المعرفي نمط الاسترجاع .3. تفوق المجوعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية على المجموعة الضابطة في متغير التفضيل المعرفي نمط تكملة المعلومات.4. تفوق المجوعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية على المجموعة الضابطة في متغير التفضيل المعرفي نمط المبادئ.5. تفوق المجوعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية على المجموعة الضابطة في متغير التفضيل المعرفي نمط التطبيقات.6. تفوق المجوعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية على المجموعة الضابطة في تنمية التفكير الاستدلالي. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث قدم الباحث عددا من التوصيات منها : 1. استعمال استراتيجيتي (KUD) و(PLAN) في تدريس المواد المختلفة لاسيما المواد العلمية.2. فتح دورات مكثفة لتعليم المدرسين وبالتخصصات كافة لغرض اعداد مدرسين قادرين على استعمال استراتيجيتي (KUD) و(PLAN). وكذلك قدم الباحث عددا من المقترحات منها : 1. دراسة اثر استراتيجيتي (KUD) و(PLAN) في متغير الذكاءات المتعددة.2. دراسة اثر استراتيجيتي (KUD) و(PLAN) في متغير مهارات ما وراء المعرفة | This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the KUD and PLAN strategies in the achievement of physics, cognitive preference, and the developing of reasoning thinking among students of the fourth scientific. To achieve the research aims, null hypotheses were formulated as the following : 1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the means scores of the students of the three groups (the first experimental group studied the material according to the KUD strategy and the second experimental group which studied the same material according to the PLAN strategy and the control group that studied the same material accordance to the normal method in achievement test.2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the means scores of the students of the three groups (the first experimental group studied the material according to the KUD strategy and the second experimental group which studied the same material according to the PLAN strategy and the control group that studied the same material accordance to the normal method in the cognitive preference test " the manner of retrieval".3. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the means scores of the students of the three groups (the first experimental group studied the material according to the KUD strategy and the second experimental group which studied the same material according to the PLAN strategy and the control group that studied the same material accordance to the normal method in the cognitive preference test is the manner of information supplementation.4. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the means scores of the students of the three groups (the first experimental group studied the material according to the KUD strategy and the second experimental group which studied the same material according to the PLAN strategy and the control group that studied the same material accordance to the normal method in the test of the cognitive preference manner of principles.5. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the means scores of the students of the three groups (the first experimental group studied the material according to the KUD strategy and the second experimental group which studied the same material according to the PLAN strategy and the control group that studied the same material accordance to the normal method in the test of the cognitive preference " application manner".6. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the means scores of the students of the three groups (the first experimental group studied the material according to the KUD strategy and the second experimental group which studied the same material according to the PLAN strategy and the control group that studied the same material accordance to the normal method in the test of reasoning thinking.The current research was confined on the fourth grade students in preparatory schools in Diwaniyah city center.The researcher used the experimental design of a research society composed of fourth graders. Al - Jawahiri school was randomly selected to represent the research sample, class (B) was chosen to represent the first experimental group, the second experimental group (C) and (D) the control group , The number of students in the research sample was 84 students, 28 students for the first experimental group, 29 students for the second experimental group and 27 students for the control group.The equivalence was verified by age, past achievement scores, intelligence test, prior information, and reasoning test.The researcher built the research tools, which consisted of an achievement test consisting of (30) items multiple choice types, a cognitive preference test consisting of (22) items , and a test of reasoning thinking consisting of (35) items.The experiment was applied in the first semester as the beginning of actual teaching (10/10/2016) and the end of actual teaching (11/1/2017).Results were statistically analyzed using one - way ANOVA and Scheffe Test. Results showed the following : 1. The first and second experimental groups predominate on the control group in the achievement variable.2. The control group is superior to the first and second experimental groups in the cognitive preference of the retrieving manner.3. The first and second experimental groups predominate on the control group in the cognitive preference variable information completing manner.4. The first and second experimental groups predominate on the control group in the cognitive preference variable , principals manner .5. The first and second experimental groups predominate on the control group in the preference variable of the application manner.6. The first and second experimental groups predominate on the control group in the development of the reasoning thinking.Upon, the researcher made a number of recommendations, including : 1. Using the KUD and PLAN strategies in teaching various subjects, especially scientific materials.2. Open intensive courses for preparing teachers capable of using the KUD and PLAN strategies.The researcher also made a number of proposals, including : 1. Study the effect of the KUD and PLAN strategies in the multiple intelligences variable.2. Studying the impact of the KUD and PLAN strategies in the meta - knowledge skills variable

اثر استراتيجيتي المساجلة الحلقية والتقرير الختامي في تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء والتحصيل لدى طلبة قسم اللغة الانكليزية في كليات التربية في مادة الاستيعاب == The Effect of Round Robin and Final Report Strategies in Reading Comprehension Skills Development and the Achievement of English Department Students in Education Faculties in the Comprehension

Author name: نجم عبد الله بـــرهان
Supervisor name: نضال عيسى عبد المظفر
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان البحث الحالي هدف الى الكشف عن (اثر استراتيجيتي المساجلة الحلقية والتقرير الختامي في تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء والتحصيل لدى طلبة قسم اللغة الانكليزية في كليات التربية في مادة الاستيعاب) وللتحقق من هذا الهدف صاغ الباحث الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : • لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة(0,05) بين متوسط درجات كل من المجموعة التجريبية الاولى(التي تدرس على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية(التي تدرس على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي) والمجموعة الضابطة (التي تدرس على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية) في اختبار تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء.• لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة(0,05) بين متوسط درجات كل من المجموعة التجريبية الاولى (التي تدرس على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية) والمجموعة التجريبية الثانية (التي تدرس على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي) والمجموعة الضابطة(التي تدرس على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية) في اختبار التحصيل.ان مجتمع البحث الحالي تحدد بجميع كليات التربية التي تحتوي اقسام اللغة الانكليزية في الجامعات العراقية، والقطع العشر من مادة الاستيعاب من المنهج المقرر تدريسه للعام الدراسي (2017 - 2018).تم استعمال التصميم التجريبي ذي الضبط الجزئي للمجموعتين التجريبيتين والمجموعة الضابطة ذوات الاختبار البعدي فقط مع اختبار تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء والتحصيل ووفقا لهذا التصميم تم اختيار كلية التربية - جامعة ميسان - قسم اللغة الانكليزية/ المرحلة الثانية/ الدراسات الصباحية لتمثل عينة البحث، وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة(93) طالبا، بواقع(31) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي ستدرس على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية، و(31) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي ستدرس على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي، و(31) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة التي ستدرس على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية. كوفئت مجموعات البحث الثلاث في متغيرات : العمر الزمني، الجنس, والذكاء, والتحصيل السابق في مادة الاستيعاب، اختبار مهارات استيعاب المقروء. ان الباحث اعد مستلزمات البحث وهي : تحديد المادة العلمية, صياغة الاهداف السلوكية، تحديد مهارات استيعاب المقروء، اعداد الخطط التدريسية وتم بناء اداتين اثنين وهما : • اختبار تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء مؤلف من(27) فقرة موضوعية، تم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري وصدق المحتوى، وحسب ثباته باستعمال معادلة (كودر - ريتشاردسون20)، اذ بلغ(0,86) ، كذلك تم احتساب معامل الصعوبة والتمييز لفقرات الاختبار وفاعلية البدائل الخاطئة .• الاختبار التحصيلي في مادة الاستيعاب مؤلف من(35) فقرة موزعة على(21) فقرة موضوعية و(14) فقرة مقالية، وتم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري وصدق البناء ، وحسب ثبات الفقرات الموضوعية باستعمال معادلة ( كودر - ريتشاردسون20) ومعادلة (الفا كرونباخ) للفقرات المقالية، اذ بلغ (0.87) ، كذلك تم احتساب معامل الصعوبة والتمييز لفقرات الاختبار وفاعلية البدائل الخاطئة.طبق الباحث التجربة في الفصل الدراسي الاول من العام الدراسي (2017 - 2018) واستمرت على مدى (13) اسبوعا، وبعد الانتهاء من تدريس المادة المحددة ، تم تطبيق الاختبارات, وعولجت البيانات باستعمال الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية(SPSS - 20) وبرنامج (Microsoft excel)، واظهرت النتائج : • تفوق المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي درست على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في متغير تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء . • تفوق المجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي درست على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في متغير تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء .• عدم وجود فرق دال معنويا بين المجموعتين التجريبية الاولى التي درست على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية والتجريبية الثانية التي درست على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي في متغير تنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء.• تفوق المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي درست على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في متغير الاختبار التحصيلي.• تفوق المجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي درست على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في متغير الاختبار التحصيلي.• عدم وجود فرق دال معنويا بين المجموعتين التجريبية الاولى التي درست على وفق استراتيجية المساجلة الحلقية والتجريبية الثانية التي درست على وفق استراتيجية التقرير الختامي في متغير الاختبار التحصيلي.وفي ضوء ذلك خرج الباحث بعدد من الاستنتاجات منها : ان التدريس باستراتيجيتي المساجلة الحلقية (التعاقب الحلقي) والتقرير الختامي(التلخيص) له فاعلية في تنمية استيعاب النصوص القرائية لطلبة المرحلة الثانية / قسم اللغة الانكليزية. وايضا زاد من رغبة الطلبة في المشاركة, سرعة الاجابة, قدرة التفكير وابعاد الملل الذي تتضمنه الطريقة الاعتيادية وذلك لحداثتهما.ومن توصيات الباحث : ضرورة استعمال استراتيجيتي المساجلة الحلقية والتقرير الختامي في تدريس مواد اللغة الانكليزية وتشجع التدريسيين على ذلك لفاعليتهما. وتنمية مهارات استيعاب المقروء والتحصيل من خلال تدريس مادة الاستيعاب. | The current research aimed to reveal (The Effect of Round Robin and Final Report Strategies in Reading Comprehension Skills Development and the Achievement of English Department Students in Education Faculties in the Comprehension). To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated the following zero hypotheses : 1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group (which is studied according to the round robin strategy) and the second experimental group (which is studied according to the strategy of the final report) and the control group According to the traditional method) in the development of reading comprehension skills.2. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group (which is studied according to the round robin strategy) and the second experimental group (studied according to the final report strategy) and the control group According to the usual method) in the achievement test. The current research community is determined by all faculties of education that contain the English language sections in the Iraqi universities, and the ten passage of the comprehension material from the curriculum to be taught for the academic year (2017 - 2018). The experimental designed of the two experimental groups and the control group with post test only. According to this design, the Faculty of Education / Maysan University / English Department / Second Stage / Morning Studies was chosen to represent the sample of the study. The sample of the study was 93 students, 31 students for the first experimental group, which will study according to the round robin, 31 for the second experimental group to be studied according to the final report strategy, and 31 students for the control group to be studied according to the usual method. The three research groups were equalized in variables : age, gender, intelligence, previous achievement in the comprehension and testing of reading comprehension skills.The researcher prepared the research requirements, namely : identifying the scientific material, formulating the behavioral goals, identifying reading comprehension skills, preparing the teaching plans, and designing two tools : The test of the development of reading comprehension skills consisted of (27) objective items, whose relability and validity of the content were verified according to the consistency of the Codeder - Richardson equation (0.86). The difficulty and discrimination coefficient for the test paragraphs The wrong alternatives.The achievement test in the comprehension material composed of (35) items divided into (21) objective items and (14) itms, and verified the validity of the validity and validity of the construction, and the stability of the substantive paragraphs using using the equation (Coder - Richardson 20) Alpha Krobach) for the domesticated sections, reaching (0.87). Also, the coefficient of difficulty and discrimination for the test items and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives were calculated.The researcher applied the experiment in the first semester of the academic year (2017 - 2018) and continued for 13 weeks. After completing the teaching of the specific subject, the tests were applied. The data were processed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS - 20) ), and the results showed : 1. The first experimental group, which was studied according to the round robin strategy, exceeded the control group, which was studied in the normal way in the reading comprehension development variable.2. The second experimental group, which studied according to the strategy of the final report, exceeded the control group, which was studied in the usual way in the development variable of comprehension skills.3. There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups, which were studied according to the round robin and experimental strategy, which was studied according to the final report strategy in reading comprehension development variable.4. The first experimental group, which was studied according to the round robin strategy, exceeded the control group, which was studied in the achievement variable.5. The second experimental group studied according to the strategy of the final report is superior to the control group, which was studied in the normal way in the achievement variable.6. There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups that were studied according to the round robin and experimental strategy, which was studied according to the final report strategy in the achievement variable.The conclusions : The teaching of the round robin and the final report (summary) strategies is effective in developing the comprehension of the reading texts of the students of the second stage/ English language department. And also increased the desire of students to participate, the speed of the answer, the ability to think and remove the boredom included in the usual way and for their development. Researcher's recommendations : The need to use the strategies of the round robin and the final report in the teaching of English language materials and encourage teachers to do so for their effectiveness. And the development of reading comprehension and collection skills through the teaching of absorption.

فاعلية انموذجي (ايسنكرافت) و(ستيبانز) في تعديل التصورات البديلة للمفاهيم الفيزيائية وتنمية مهارات التفكير التاملي والمشاعر الابداعية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط == THE EFFECT OF EISENKRAFT 'S MODEL AND STEPAN'S MODEL IN MODIFYING THE ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL CONCEPTS AND DEVELOPING REFLECTIVE THINKING SKILLS AND INNOVATIVE FEELINGS AMON SECOND INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS

Author name: قصي ليلو جساب البديري
Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على فاعلية انموذجي) ايسنكرافت ( و) ستيبانز (في تعديل التصورات البديلة للمفاهيم الفيزيائية وتنمية مهارات التفكير التاملي والمشاعر الابداعية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط . وللتحقق من هذا الهدف تم صياغة الفرضيات الصفرية التالية : الفرضية الاولى : لا يوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي درست وفق خطوات انموذج ) ايسنكرافت( ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي درست وفق خطوات انموذج ( ستيبانز( ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة التي درست وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار تعديل التصورات البديلة للمفاهيم الفيزيائية .الفرضية الثانية : لا يوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة (0،05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي درست وفق خطوات انموذج ( ايسنكرافت ( ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي درست وفق خطوات انموذج (ستيبانز( ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة التي درست وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في تطبيقي اختبار مهارات التفكير التاملي القبلي والبعدي.الفرضية الثالثة : لا يوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة (0،05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي درست وفق خطوات انموذج ) ايسنكرافت( ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الثانية التي درست وفق خطوات انموذج (ستيبانز( ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة التي درست وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في تطبيقي مقياس المشاعر الابداعية القبلي والبعدي . تم استخدام التصميم التجريبي ذا الضبط الجزئي للمجموعتين التجريبيتين والمجموعة الضابطة ذوات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي ، وتحدد مجتمع البحث الحالي بجميع طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط في المدارس المتوسطة والثانوية ( الحكومية النهارية ) في مركز محافظة الديوانية التابعة الى المديرية العامة للتربية في محافظة الديوانية للعام الدراسي( 2016 - 2017 ) والبالغ عددهم ( 3450) طالبا. اختار الباحث ( متوسطة الخضراء للبنين ) اختيارا عشوائيا لاجراء تجربة بحثه ، ووجد انها تحتوي على اربع شعب للصف الثاني المتوسط ( ا، ب ، ج ، د ) وباستعمال الاسلوب العشوائي تم اختيار الشعبة (ب) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية الاولى والتي ستدرس وفق خطوات انموذج ايسنكرافت ، وكذلك الشعبة (ج) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية الثانية والتي ستدرس وفق خطوات انموذج استيبانز ، اما الشعبة ( ا ) فكانت تمثل المجموعة الضابطة والتي ستدرس بالطريقة الاعتيادية ، وبذلك يصبح حجم العينة (93) طالبا ، وبعد استبعاد الطلاب الراسبين والبالغ عددهم (6) اصبح بذلك العدد النهائي للعينة (87) طالبا موزعين على المجاميع الثلاث . كوفئت المجموعات الثلاث في المتغيرات التالية : } العمر الزمني ، التحصيل السابق ، الذكاء اختبار تشخيص التصورات البديلة ، اختبار مهارات التفكير التاملي (القبلي) ، مقياس المشاعر الابداعية (القبلي) { . حدد الباحث المادة التعليمية بالفصول الخمسة الاولى (مادة الكورس الاول) من كتاب الفيزياء للصف الثاني المتوسط ، وتم صياغة اهداف سلوكية ( معرفية ومهارية ووجدانية) لهذه الفصول اذ بلغ عددها (241) هدفا سلوكيا، كذلك اعد الباحث (72) خطة تدريسية مقسمة على المجموعات الثلاث ، اما فيما يتعلق بادوات البحث تم بناء ثلاث ادوات وهي : 1 - اختبار تشخيص التصورات البديلة المؤلف من (30) فقرة موضوعية (ثنائية الشق) من نوع اختيار من متعدد ذي اربعة بدائل لكل من شقي الفقرة ، تم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري وصدق البناء له ، كذلك تم حساب معامل الصعوبة والتمييز وفعالية البدائل الخاطئة لفقراته فضلا عن حساب ثباته باستعمال معادلة الفا - كرو نباخ اذ بلغ معامل الثبات له ( 0,81) .2 - اختبار مهارات التفكير التاملي المؤلف من (25) فقرة موضوعية موزعة على المهارات التالية : (الرؤية البصرية ، وضع حلول مقترحة ، الوصول الى الاستنتاجات، الكشف عن المغالطات ، اعطاء تفسيرات مقنعة)، وتم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري وصدق البناء له، كذلك تم حساب معامل الصعوبة والتمييز وفعالية البدائل الخاطئة لفقراته فضلا عن حساب ثباته باستعمال معادلة (كيودر ريتشاردسون - 20 ) اذ بلغ معامل الثبات له ( 0,78) .3 - مقياس المشاعر الابداعية المؤلف من (40) فقرة ، موزعة على الابعاد التالية : ( حب الاستطلاع ، حب المغامرة ، تحدي الصعب ، التخيل) ، تم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري وصدق البناء له ، وتم التاكد من القوى التمييزية لفقراته وحسب ثباته باستعمال معادلة الفا - كرو نباخ اذ بلغ (0,84) . تمت المباشرة بالتجربة يوم الاثنين الموافق( 3/10/2016 )، وقد بدا التدريس الفعلي يوم الاثنين الموافق( 17/10/2016 ) واستمر في الاسابيع التالية بواقع حصتين في الاسبوع لكل مجموعة وبعدها انتهى التدريس الفعلي للمادة المحددة في يوم الاثنين الموافق (3/1/ 2017) ، ثم تم تطبيق الاختبارات البعدية ، وعولجت البيانات باستعمال الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS - 22) واظهرت النتائج التالية : 1 - تفوق المجموعتان التجريبيتان الاولى التي درست وفق انموذج ايسنكرافت والثانية التي درست وفق انموذج ستيبانز على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار تعديل التصورات البديلة للمفاهيم الفيزيائية . 2 - عدم وجود فرق دال معنويا بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية في اختبار تعديل التصورات البديلة للمفاهيم الفيزيائية . 3 - تفوق المجموعتان التجريبيتان الاولى التي درست وفق انموذج ايسنكرافت والثانية التي درست وفق انموذج ستيبانز على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في متغير تنمية مهارات التفكير التاملي.4 - عدم وجود فرق دال معنويا بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية في متغير تنمية مهارات التفكير التاملي.5 - تفوق المجموعتان التجريبيتان الاولى التي درست وفق انموذج ايسنكرافت والثانية التي درست وفق انموذج ستيبانز على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في متغير تنمية المشاعر الابداعية . 6 - عدم وجود فرق دال معنويا بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية في متغير تنمية المشاعر الابداعية . وفي ضوء النتائج ، تم التوصل الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات ، وقدمت مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات . | The current study aims at recognizing the effectiveness of two models proposed by Eisenkraft and Stepan used to modify the alternative conceptions of physical concepts and to develop reflective thinking skills and innovative feelings among second intermediate students. To investigate this aim, the following null hypotheses are formulated as in the following points : The first hypothesis : There is no statistical difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group of students that study according to Eisenkraft's model and the average scores of the second experimental group that study according to Stepan's model and the average scores of the control group that study according to the usual method in testing modifying the alternative conceptions for the physical concepts. The second hypothesis : There is no statistical difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group of students that study according to Eisenkraft's model and the average scores of the second experimental group that study according to Stepan's model and the average scores of the control group that study according to the usual method in testing reflective thinking skills in pre - and post - testing. The Third hypothesis : There is no statistical difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group of students that study according to Eisenkraft's model and the average scores of the second experimental group that study according to Stepan's model and the average scores of the control group that study according to the usual method in applying the scale of innovative feelings in pre - and post - tests. The experimental design is manipulated with the partial accuracy for the two experimental groups and the control group with pre - test and post - test. The sample includes all the second intermediate classes of the governorate morning schools in Al - Diwaniya province during the academic semester of (2016 - 2017). There are 3450 students included in this study. The researcher has chosen Al - Khadhraa Intermediate school for boys to carry out his investigation. This school comprises four rooms devoted to the second class (A B C D). Using the random style, the B section is selected to represent the first experimental group that would study according to the steps of Eisenkraft's model. Section C is also randomly chosen to be the second experimental group that would follow the steps of Stepan's model. The first section (A) is chosen to stand for the control group that would study according to the traditional method. Thus, the number of those students will be 93, and after excluding the failed students who are 6 in number, the remaining ones become 87. The equivalence of the three groups were done according to the variants of age, previous level of education, cleverness, testing the alternative conceptions recognition, the pre - test of reflective thinking skills and the post - test measurement of innovative feelings. The researcher specified the first five chapters in the first semester of the physics book for the 2nd intermediate class, and behavioral goals have been made (at the level of knowledge, emotion and skill) for these chapters. These goals are 241. Also the researcher made 72 lesson plans distributed among those three groups. Concerning the research tools, three have been made : 1. Testing the recognition of alternative conceptions comprising 30 topic points (half splits) using multiple choice items, every four alternatives for one half. The face validity of the test and its reliability were verified. The difficulty index and discrimination were taken into consideration as well as the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives for those items in the test, and further, its reliability was checked using Alpha - Cronbach where the reliability coefficient is (0,81). 2. Testing the reflective thinking skills comprising 25 topic items distributed throughout the following skills (visual sight, making suggested solutions, getting the conclusions, exposing the fallacies, providing convincing explanations). The face validity and its construction were verified, its difficulty index and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives were verified also, besides its reliability was checked depending on Kuder - Richardson - 20 formula. Its reliability coefficient gets 0,78. 3. Measuring the innovative feelings comprising 40 items, distributed to the following (interest in discovery, adventuring, facing the hardships, imagination). Its face validity and construction were verified. The discrimination strength of its items was also verified measuring its reliability via Alpha - Cronbach's equation which gets 0,84. The experiment was carried out on Monday in 3\10\2016. The actual teaching started on Monday in 17/10/2016, continued for several weeks, two lectures every week foe every group. These lectures stopped on Monday in 3/1/2017. After that, the post - tests were applied, the data were treated using the statistical technique used in sociology (22 - SPSS). The results showed the following : 1. The fist and the second experimental groups exceeded the control group at the level of modifying the alternative conceptions of the physical concepts. 2. There is no difference between the first group and the second experimental group in testing the alternative conceptions of the physical concepts. 3. The first and second experimental groups exceeded the controlled group according to the development of reflective thinking skill. 4. There is no difference between the first and second experimental groups according to the reflective thinking skill. 5. The first and second experimental groups exceeded the control group at the level of developing innovative feelings. 6. There is no difference between the first and second experimental groups at the level of developing innovative feelings. According to these points of discussions, a number of concluding remarks appeared, and the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions

فاعلية برنامج محوســب قائـم على اســـتراتيجيتي (التدريب والممارسة) و(المحاكاة) في تحصيل الفيـــزياء والثقافة الفيزيائية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط == The Effectiveness Computerized program based on strategies (Drill and Practice)and (Simulation) in Achievement of Physics and The Physical Literacy of The Students of The Second Intermediate Grade

Author name: فارس جاسم محمد البهاتي
Supervisor name: عبد الواحد محمود محمد الكنعاني
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على فاعلية برنامج محوســب قائـم على اســـتراتيجيتي (التدريب والممارسة) و(المحاكاة) في تحصيل الفيـــزياء والثقافة الفيزيائية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط ، وللتحقق من هدف البحث تم صياغة الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1. لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا باستعمال البرنامج المحوسب ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا بالطريقة التقليدية في الاختبار التحصيلي.2. لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا باستعمال البرنامج المحوسب ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا بالطريقة التقليدية في مقياس الثقافة الفيزيائية.اقتصر البحث الحالي على طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط في المدارس المتوسطة والثانوية في مركز مدينة الديوانية .اتبع الباحث المنهج التجريبي ، اذ تم استخدام التصميم التجريبي ذا الضبط الجزئي لمجتمع بحث مكون من طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط اذ تم اختيار متوسطة (فجر الاسلام) بصورة عشوائية لتمثيل عينة البحث ، بلغ عدد الطلاب (68) طالبا موزعين على شعبتين، اذ تم اختيار شعبة (ب) عشوائيا لتمثيل المجموعة التجريبية وكان عدد طلابها (33) طالبا ، وشعبة (ا) لتمثيل المجموعة الضابطة وكان عدد طلابها (35) طالبا.تم التحقق من تكافؤ المجموعتين في متغيرات (العمر الزمني ودرجات التحصيل السابق واختبار الذكاء والمعلومات السابقة ومقياس الثقافة الفيزيائية والتحصيل الدراسي للوالدين) والتي قد تؤثر في نتائج البحث .واعد الباحث مستلزمات البحث المتمثلة بتحديد المادة العلمية، وصياغة الاهداف السلوكية، واعداد الخطط التدريسية، واعداد برنامج محوسب قائم على استراتيجيتي (التدريب والممارسة) و(المحاكاة) .بنى الباحث ادوات البحث التي تمثلت باختبار تحصيلي مكون من (30) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد ، وبنى مقياسا للثقافة الفيزيائية مكون من (33) فقرة.تم تطبيق التجربة في الفصل الدراسي الاول اذ كانت بداية التدريس الفعلي يوم الاثنين (10/10/2016) ونهاية التدريس الفعلي يوم الاربعاء (11/1/2017) .وللحصول على النتائج تم معالجة البيانات احصائيا باستخدام اختبار (t - test) لعينتين مستقلتين واظهرت النتائج ما ياتي : 1. وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا مادة الفيزياء باستعمال البرنامج المحوسب ودرجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا المادة نفسها بالطريقة التقليدية في اختبار التحصيل النهائي ، ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية .2. وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا مادة الفيزياء باستعمال البرنامج المحوسب ودرجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسـوا المادة نفسها بالطريقة التقليدية في اختبار مقياس الثقافة الفيزيائية ، ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية .وقد توصل الباحث الى عدة استنتاجات ، منها : 1. فاعلية البرنامج المحوسب من خلال تدريس مادة الفيزياء في رفع التحصيل الدراسي لطلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط اكثر من الطريقة التقليدية .2. فاعلية البرنامج المحوسب من خلال تدريس مادة الفيزياء في زيادة الثقافة الفيزيائية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط اكثر من الطريقة التقليدية . وبناء على ذلك قدم الباحث عددا من التوصيات منها : 1. تحويل المناهج الدراسية الورقية الى برامج محوسبة باستعمال استراتيجيات مختلفة لاسيما استراتيجيتي (التدريب والممارسة) و(المحاكاة) . 2. استعمال الحاسوب بوصفه وسيلة واداة تعليمية اساسية في تدريس المواد المختلفة لاسيما المواد العلمية . وكذلك قدم الباحث عددا من المقترحات منها : 1. دراسة فاعلية البرنامج المحوسب في مراحل دراسية وفي مواد دراسية اخر . 2. دراسة تقيس اثر استراتيجيات اخرى للتعلم بمساعدة الحاسوب في الثقافة الفيزيائية لدى طلبة المراحل الدراسية المختلفة . | This research aimed to know (The Effectiveness Computerized program based on strategies (Drill and Practice) and (Simulation) in Achievement of Physics and The Physical Literacy of the Students of The Second Intermediate Grade) , to achieve the objective of this research, the researcher put the following two hypotheses : 1. There is no significant statistical difference at level of (0.05) between the marks average of the students of the experimental group who have studied using Computerized program and the marks average of the standard group who has studied in the traditional manner concerning the achievement .2. There is no significant statistical difference at level of (0.05) between the marks average of the students of the experimental group who have studied using Computerized program and the marks average of the standard group who has studied in the traditional method concerning The Physics Literacy.Current research was limited in the Second intermediate grade students in The intermediate Schools in AL - Qadisiyah General Directorate of Education for the academic year (2016 - 2017).The researcher used the experimental design for community research component of the Second - graders Intermediate Grade , the secondary School (Fajir Al - Islam) was chosen randomly to represent the sample of the research , the research sample was (68) students divided into two divisions, group (B) was chosen randomly to represent the experimental and the number of students was (33) students, and group (A) to represent the control group and the number of students (35) students. Equivalence of groups verified by age and degrees , the previous achievement , IQ test and previous information , the scale of physical literacy and Educational level of parents, which may affect the results of the research.The researcher prepared the research requirements by identifying the scientific material, formulating the behavioral goals, preparing the teaching plans, and preparing a computerized program based strategies (Drill and Practice) and (Simulation).Researcher tools were built represented by the test achievement component (30) items of multiple choice, and scale of physical literacy consists of (33) items.The applying of the experiment in the first semester (10/10/2016) and the end of the actual teaching (11/01/2017).The data were processed statistically by using (t - test) for two independent samples and the results showed the following : 1. The existence of a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group students who have studied physics using a computerized program and degrees of control group students who have studied the same material in the usual way in the final achievement test.2. The presence of a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group students who have studied physics using a computerized program and mean of control group students who have studied the same material in the traditional way to test the physical literacy scale. The researcher has put a number of recommendations and suggestions .

فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على البنائية الاجتماعية في التحصيل وتنمية التفكير الحاذق والتسامح الاجتماعي لدى طلبة كلية الدراسات القرانية جامعة بابل == effectivenessof educationalprogram which based on th social building procuring and develop thin king and the social to leranle that the students of Quran studies have Bablon univerits

Author name: رحيم كامل خضير الصجري
Supervisor name: زينب فالح سالم الشاوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Arabic Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: بناء برنامج تعليمي قائم على البنائية الاجتماعية لدى طلبة كلية الدراسات القرانية.2 - التعرف على فاعلية البرنامج التعليمي القائم على البنائية الاجتماعية في التحصيل وتنمية التفكير الحاذق والتسامح الاجتماعي لدى طلبة كلية الدارسات القرانية/ جامعة بابل . وتنبثق من هذا الهدف الفرضيات الاتية : فرضيات البحث : 1 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا باستخدام البرنامج التعليمي ،ومتوسط درجات تحصيل طلبة المجموعة الضابطة اللذين درسوا بالطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل البعدي. 2 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجا ت طلبة المجموعة الضابطة على مقياس التفكير الحاذق في القياس البعدي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية3 - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة الضابطة على مقياسي لتفكير الحاذق في القياسي لقبلي والبعدي.4 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسط درجات افراد المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة الضابطة على مقياس التسامح الاجتماعي في القياس البعد ي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية.5 - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة الضابطة على مقياس التسامح الاجتماعي في لقياسين القبلي والبعدي لتحقيق هدفا البحث استخدم الباحث المنهجين الوصفي والتجريبي ذات الضبط الجزئي تكونت عينة البحث من (80) طالب وطالبة من كلية الدراسات القرانية جامعة بابل/ قسم علوم القران موزعين على قاعتين دراستين ، اختيرت عينة البحث بالطريقة القصدية وبلغ عدد طلبة المجموعة التجريبية (40) طالبا وطالبة الذين درسوا بالبرنامج التعليمي القائم على البنائية الاجتماعية وبلغ عدد طلبة المجموعة الضابطة (40) طالبا وطالبه درسوا بالطريقة الاعتيادية كافا الباحث في المتغيرات الاتية ( العمر - الجندر - والذكاء - المعرفة السابقة - المستوى الاكاديمي - التطبيق القلبي لمقياس التفكير الحاذق - التطبيق القبلي لمقياس التسامح الاجتماعي).ولتحقيق هدفا البحث واختبار فرضياته اعد الباحث برنامجا تعليميا قائما على البنائية الاجتماعية. وللتوصل الى نتائج البحث اعد الباحث ثلاث ادوات كانت الاولى اختبارا تحصيليا تكون من (50). فقرة منها (10) فقرة من نوع مقالي محددة الاجابة (40) من نوع من متعدد رباعي البدائل، وقد تحقق الباحث من خصائصه السيكومترية فضلا عن ثباته اما الاداة الثانية هي مقياس التفكير الحاذق تمت ترجمة النسخة الاجنبية وعرضها على عدد من المترجمين واستخراج صدق المترجمين واستخراج الخصائص السيكومترية مكون من (40) فقرة ذات خمسة بدائل. اما الاداة الثالثة هي مقياس التسامح الاجتماعي بنى الباحث المقياس من خلال الاعتماد على الادبيات ودراسات ذات العلاقة وتم عرضه على عدد من المتخصصين واستخراج صدقه وثباته. اصبح المقياس مكونا من(30) فقرة ذات خمسة بدائل.درس الباحث بنفسه مجموعتي البحث وذلك تحاشيا للاختلاف الذي قد ينجم عن اختلاف الاستاذ وقدراته، ومدى اطلاعه على طبيعة المتغيرات التجريبية استمرت مدة التجربة 14 اسبوعا بدات يوم الاربعاء 27\9\2017 وانتهت يوم الاحد 14\1\208 وبعد الانتهاء من التجربة طبق الباحث ادوات البحث جمع البيانات وحللها احصائيا باستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ومعادلة حجم الاثر لبيان فاعلية البرنامج واستخدم الاختبار التائي لعينيتن مترابطتين لمعرفة الفرق بين التطبيق القبلي والبعدي على مقياس التسامح الاجتماعي والتفكير الحاذق ومعرفة اثر لحجم وظهرت نتائج البحث ما ياتي : .1 - تفوق المجموعة التجريبية التي درست على وفق البرنامج التعليمي على طلبة المجوعة الضابطة التي درست على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في التحصيل2 - تفوق المجموعة التجريبية التي درست على وفق البرنامج التعليمي على طلبة المجوعة الضابطة التي درست على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في مقياس التفكير الحاذق.3 - تفوق المجموعة التجريبية التي درست على وفق البرنامج التعليمي على طلبة المجوعة الضابطة التي درست على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في مقياس التسامح الاجتماعي.في ضوء نتائج البحث يمكن استخلاص الاستنتاجات الاتية : 1. ان الطلبة بامس الحاجة الى برامج تعليمية تركز على تعليم التفكير عن طريق المناهج التعليمية .2. اعتماد البرامج التعليمية المعدة على وفق النظرية المعتمدة ، فهي تزيد من كفاية العملية التعليمية ، وتعطي افضل النتائج، لانها تنظم التدريس وتوجهه نحو اهدافه، وتبعد العمل التدريسي من هدر الوقت والاستخدام الامثل للتقنيات التربوية.في ضوء نتائج البحث يوصي الباحث بما ياتي : 1. عقد دورات وندوات وورش عمل للمدرسين لتعريفهم بهذا النوع من التعليم، وكذلك الاساليب الخاصة بتعليم التفكير الحاذق والتسامح الاجتماعي وكيفية توفير البيئة الصفية المشجعة له.2. تضمين مهارات التفكير الحاذق والبرامج التعليمية التي تساعد على تنميته ضمن موضوعات المناهج التربوية في كليات التربية، مع تزويدهم بالمعلومات الكافية لكيفية قياس وتقويم هذا النمط من التفكير لدى الطلبة.استكمالا للبحث الحالي يقترح الباحث اجراء البحوث الاتية : 1. دراسة مشابهة للدراسة الحالية في مواد ومراحل دراسية اخرى.2. دراسة مشابهة للبحث الحالي لبيان اثر الجنس في تحصيل الطلبة وتنمية الثقة بالنفس لدى طلبة. | This research aims to know the effectiveness of educational program which based on th socialbuling in procuring and develop thin king and the social to leranle that the students of Quran studies have Babyionuniverits The resuts showsThe hypotheses of the research are : 1. There is statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average degree of the empirical group who studied using the educational program, and the average degree of the controlled group members, who studied in the usual manner in the post achievement test. 2. There is statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average degree of the empirical group and the average of the controlledgroup on a scale of the skillful thinking in the post measurement for the benefit of thecontrolled Group 3. There is no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average degree of the empirical group and the average of the individuals of the controlled group on a scale a measure of the skillful thinking inthe pretest and posttest . 4. There is statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average degrees of individuals, the empirical group and the average of the controlled group members on a scale of social tolerance in the posttest for the benefit of the empirical group.5. There is statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average degree of the empirical group and the average of the group members, the controlled group on a scale of social tolerance in the posttest and pretest. To achieve the above mentioned aims, he researcher follows and used the descriptive and empirical approaches with partial adjustment. The sample of the research consisted of (80) Students from the Faculty of Qur'anic Studies, University of Babylon, the Qur'an Science Department, distributed on two classes . The research sample was chosenthe number of students in the experimental group (40) students who have studied educational program based on social constructivist and the number of students in the controlled group (40) students who have studied in the usual manner.The researcher matched the following variables (age - and intelligence - the previous knowledge - academic level - the pre application of the skillful thinking scale - the pre application of the social tolerance scale). To achieve the goals of the research and testing its hypotheses , the researcher prepared an educational program which is based on social constructivist. To reach the research results, he prepared three tools : the first was an achievement test consisted of (50)item. (10) of the them was of the essay type the answer (40) of the type of multi - quad core alternatives, there has been a researcher of characteristics as well as the firmness and the second tool is the measure of the skillful thinking foreign version had been translated and displayed on a number of translators and interpreters and extractinة ratified the properties of (40) item with five alternatives.The third tool is a measure of social tolerance . The researcher build it through reliance on the literature and the related studies which has been introduced to a number of specialists and extraction of faithfulness and consistency . The scale has become a component of30 items with five alternatives. The researcher has examined his own research groups in order to avoid variations that may result from the different abilities, and the professor briefed on the nature of the experimental variables that lasted the duration of experience 14 a week started on Wednesday 27/9/2017 and ended on Sunday 11\1\2018 after the completion of the experiment the researcher applied the search tools for the collection and analysis of data statistically researcher use Tetes Independent test volume equation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program impact and use The two themes test linked to find the difference between the application and the conference on the measurement of cardiac arrest of social tolerance and skillful thinking and knowledge of the impact of the size of the search results appeared as follows : . 1. Beyond the empirical group examined according to the educational program to the students set the controlled examined the approved normal manner. 2. Beyond the empirical group examined, according to the educational program to the students set the empirical examined the approved normal manner in the measure of the skillful thinking. 3. Beyond the empirical group examined according to the educational program to the students set the controlled examined the approved normal manner in measurement of social tolerance. In the light of the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn : 1. The students are in dire need of educational programs focusing on the education of thinking through educational curricula. 2. The adoption of educational programs according to the theory adopted, they increase the efficiency of the educational process, and gives the best results, because they organize the teaching and its orientation toward its objectives, the teaching of work is just a waste of time and optimal use of educational technologies. 3. The reliance on the principles of the theory of social Constructivist Theory in the construction of educational programs, provides the environment matched the brains of all students through the diversification of the stimuli and attitudes to learn the best compared to the traditional way. In the light of the results of the research, the researcher recommends the following : 1. Held courses and seminars and workshops for teachers to familiarize them with this type of education, as well as methods of education skillful thinking and social tolerance and how to provide the environment and encouraging classroom teaching. 2. The skillful include thinking skills and educational programs to help its development within the topics of the educational curricula of the faculties of education, with adequate information on how to measure and assess this pattern of thinking to students. 3. You can benefit from the results of the current research at the launch of the reconstruction or the design of the curriculum, which focuses on the development of thinking in educational measurement. An update on the current research researcher research suggests the following : 1. A similar study for the current study material in the phases of the other courses. 2. A similar study of current research to demonstrate the impact of gender in the collection of students and the development of self - confidence to the students. 3. A study to determine the effectiveness of the educational program in other types of variables. The acquisition of educational concepts, the trend toward the instrument panel, calendar, retention, inclination

فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على نظرية العبء المعرفي في التحصيل وتنمية الذكاء اللغوي والصوري لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة البلاغة == The effectiveness of a program based on the theory of the cognitive burden in the achievement and the development of linguistic and visual intelligence among students in the fifth grade in the literary rhetoric

Author name: احمد يحيى حسن السلطاني
Supervisor name: نبيل كاظم نهير الشمري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current research aims to : 1 - The impact of the educational program on the achievement of the fifth gradestudents in the language of rhetoric .2 - The impact of the educational program on the development of linguistic intelligence among students of the literary fifth in the language ofrhetoric .3 - Know the impact of the educational program in the intelligence and r t j with the students in the fifth literary material development rhetoric.materialrhetoric educational program, and the Division (b) to represent the control of the number of students group (30) students from grade students Literary subjects who study rhetoric in the traditional way . Thus, the sample of the research as a whole reached (60) fifth graders in that school .After determining the content of the subject , which will be examined in the tutorial (during the duration of the experiment) and of the themes thebook of rhetoric and the application of the fifth grade literary, coined the researcher (20 3) behaviorally target and prepared teaching plans for thetopics of rhetoric that would study in the tutorial, and introduced models including the Committee Of the experts and specialists in the field of Arabic language and methods of teaching , psychology , measurement and evaluation ; to know the sincerity and relevance to the variables of research , as well as the researcher prepared ab]اكتب عنوان المستند[Research Summarycollection test in the language of rhetoric consists of (50) test paragraphs .The researcher studied the two research groups himself during the duration of the experiment, which lasted ( 30 ) weeks , and after the experiment , the researcher applied the final achievement test , Intelligence Language and visual intelligence on the students of the two research groups .The researcher prepared a linguistic intelligence test consisting of (50) paragraphs, applied to the research groups before and after the experiment .The intelligence spatial, has briefed the researcher on literature, previous studies and theories that have addressed this topic, P was relying onThurston 's theory, mental abilities initial theory, as Thurston intelligence is no longer public factor , but suggested a number of key factors in intelligence, which are separate from each other some, and one of these factors is the spatial factor, the test of spatial intelligence of the three areas totaled paragraphs three areas (30) paragraph of multiple choice , followed by alternatives ranging from (4 - 6) distributed as follows : The first field : spatial orientationThe second field : spatial visual perceptionThe third area : Spatial relationsThe adoption d style multiple - choice alternatives for each paragraph; because it is the most widely used in intelligence and mental aptitude tests formula; they reduce the guesswork factor in the response, as wellc]اكتب عنوان المستند[Research Summaryas taking into account the status of diversity in the paragraphs of the test; so as not lacking objectivity.The data analyzed statistically using statistical pouch ( SPSS ) , And reached the following results : The results of the study showed that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the educational program were superior to the students of the control group who studied according to the traditional method in scholastic achievement and linguistic and visual intelligence . In the light of the research results, the researcher recommends the researcher

فاعلية تصميم تعليمي قائم على نظرية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ في التحصيل وتنمية مهارات التفكير التحليلي لدى طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة قواعد اللغة العربية

Author name: قاسم عبد الامير حميدي
Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: هدف البحث الى التعرف على فاعلية تصميم تعليمي قائم على نظرية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ في التحصيل وتنمية مهارات التفكير التحليلي لدى طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة قواعد اللغة العربية ، وتماشيا مع اهداف البحث اعتمد الباحث منهج البحث التجريبي، وتم استعمال التصميم التجريبي ذي المجموعتين المتكافئتين ذوات الضبط الجزئي والاختبار البعدي لقياس التحصيل والاختبارين القبلي والبعدي لقياس التفكير التحليلي ، ولمعرفة مدى تحقق نتائج البحث تم صياغة الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : 1 - لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة 0.05 بين متوسطي درجات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي للتفكير التحليلي للمجموعة التجريبية التي درست باستراتيجية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ2 - لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة 0.05 بين متوسطي درجات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي للتفكير التحليلي للمجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية3 - لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة 0.05 بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية التي درست بطريقة التعلم المستند الى الدماغ والمجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في الاختبار البعدي للتفكير التحليلي4 - لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة 0.05 بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية التي درست باستراتيجية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ والمجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية في الاختبار البعدي في التحصيل وقد تحدد مجتمع البحث بطلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في المدارس الثانوية والاعدادية النهارية التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية كربلاء/ قضاء المركز، وبالاختيار العشوائي تم اختيار عينة البحث المتكونة من (64) طالبا من طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي من اعدادية الذرى للبنين تم توزيعهم على مجموعتي البحث : - مجموعة تجريبية درست بالتصميم التعليمي القائم على نظرية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ. - مجموعة ضابطة درست بالطريقة الاعتيادية . تم اجراء التكافؤ بين مجموعتي البحث في متغيرات (العمر الزمني، التحصيل السابق ، مهارات التفكير التحليلي، الذكاء، المتطلبات السابقة) ولغرض تحقيق اهداف البحث وجمع البيانات الخاصة بالتجربة تم بناء اختبارين وذلك على النحو الاتي : 1. اختبار تحصيل تكون بصيغته النهائية من (40) فقرة موضوعية من نوع الاختيار من متعدد.2. اختبار مهارات التفكير التحليلي مكون من 30)) فقرة موزعة على مهارات التفكير التحليلي وكانت من نوع الاختيار من متعدد. تم تطبيق الاختبارين على عينة استطلاعية للتحقق من وضوح فقرات كل اختبار وتعليماته وتحديد زمنه واجراء التحليلات الاحصائية المناسبة، والتاكد من الخصائص السايكومترية، التي بموجبها اصبح الاختبارين جاهزين للتطبيق على مجموعتي البحث. وبعد تطبيق الاختبارين على مجموعتي البحث تم تحليل نتائجه باستخدام الادوات الاحصائية المناسبة مثل معامل ارتباط بيرسون ومعامل ارتباط بوينت بايسيريل ، واختبار (t - test) لعينتين مستقلتين متكافئتين، ومعادلة سبيرمان براون . وقد اشارت النتائج الى وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية لصالح طلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي درست بالتصميم التعليمي القائم على نظرية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ في كل من التحصيل ومهارات التفكير التحليلي وبين طلاب المجموعة الضابطة التي درست على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية، وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها ان التدريس وفق التصميم القائم على نظرية التعلم المستند الى الدماغ له اثر ايجابي في التحصيل الدراسي للطلاب وزاد من قدراتهم في تحليل المعلومات المكتسبة وتنظيمها مع ما يمتلكونه من معلومات سابقة . وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات وضعت عدد من المقترحات والتوصيات. | The aim of the research was to identify the effectiveness of educational design based on the theory of learning based on the brain in the achievement and development of analytical thinking skills among the fourth grade students in the Arabic grammar. In accordance with the research objectives, the researcher adopted the experimental research method. And the post - test of the measurement of the tribal and remote collection and testing of the measurement of analytical thinking. To find out the extent of the results of the research, the following zero hypotheses were formulated : 1. There is no statistically significant difference at 0.05 level between the mean scores of the pre - test and post - test tests of the experimental group that studied the brain - based learning method2. There is no statistically significant difference at 0.05 level between the mean scores of the pre - test and post - test tests for the analytical group of the control group studied in the normal way3. There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the experimental group studied in the brain - based learning method and the control group that was normally studied in the post - test of analytical thinking4. There is no statistically significant difference at 0.05 level between the mean scores of the experimental group studied in the brain - based learning method and the control group that was normally studied in the post - test in achievement The research community was determined by the fourth grade students in the secondary schools and the day - school of the Directorate General of Karbala / Center district. The random sample was chosen from 64 students from the fourth grade of the secondary school for boys. - An experimental group studied with a brain - based learning theory. - A control group studied in the usual way. The equivalence between the two research groups was carried out in variables (age, previous achievement, analytical thinking skills, intelligence, previous requirements). For the purpose of achieving the research objectives and collecting the data for the experiment, two tests were constructed as follows : 1. A collection test in the final form of (40) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice.2. Analytical Thinking Skills (30) A paragraph distributed on analytical thinking skills was a multi - choice type.The two tests were applied on a survey sample to verify the veracity of each test and its instructions, to determine its time, to perform the appropriate statistical analyzes, and to confirm the cycometric characteristics, according to which the two tests were ready for application to the two research groups.After the two tests were applied to the two groups, the results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools such as Pearson correlation coefficient and Pacerel correlation coefficient, t - test of two independent independent samples, and Spearman Brown equation. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference for the experimental group, which studied the brain - based learning theory based on the theory of learning in both achievement and analytical thinking skills, and the students of the control group studied according to the usual method. Teaching based on brain - based learning theory has had a positive impact on students' academic achievement and increased their ability to analyze and organize acquired information with their prior knowledge. In the light of the conclusions, a number of proposals and recommendations were developed

دور السايتوكينات المعزولة من انسجة المشيمة المغذية للجنين لدى النساء مع الاجهاض التلقائي == The role of cytokines isolated from feto - placental tissues in women with spontaneous miscarriage

Author name: ميسلون عبد الحميد ناصر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة الحالية (172( امراة، تتراوح اعمارهم بين 16 - 41 عاما، من المرضى الذين قدموا الى مستشفى الولادة والاطفال في البصرة بسبب الاسقاط التلقائي غير الكامل في الشهور الثلاثة الاولى من الحمل ، بالاضافة الى النساء مع الحمل الطبيعي في وقت الولادة خلال الفترة من شباط 2012 الى ايار 2014 وتم تقسيمهن الى 3 مجموعات :  المجموعة - ا : وشملت )65) من النساء مع الاجهاض التلقائي المتكرر (RSM) خلال الاشهر الثلاثة الاولى، مع متوسط العمر (25.2 ± 7.28) سنة. المجموعة - ب : وشملت (36) من النساء مع الاسقاط التلقائي غير الكامل في الاشهر الثلاثة الاولى من الحمل ولها على الاقل ثلاثة مرات حمل طبيعي سابق (الاجهاض التلقائي غير المتكرر ( non - RSM بمتوسط من العمر (26.61 ± 6.97) سنة. المجموعة - ج : السيطرة (الحمل الطبيعي) : 71 امراة بمتوسط من العمر (26.17 ± 7.01) سنة. وتم الحصول على الدم الوريدي من المجاميع قيد الدراسة من اجل البحث عن المضاد المناعي م وج الخاص بمقوس قوندي , IgM ) IgG (. والتشخيص المصلي للاصابة بمقوسات قوندي يستخدم على نطاق واسع لفحص النساء الحوامل والمجهضات. كان معدل حدوث داء المقوسات (38.4٪) التي وجدت في 101 مجموعات الاجهاض التلقائي بواسطة فحص (ELISA). اظهرت عينتين (3.08٪) نتائج ايجابية المضاد المناعي (م). بينما كانت 24 (36.92٪) عينة ايجابية للمضاد المناعي (ج) لمقوس قوندي في مجموعات المرضى , بينما لم تسجل اصابة في 71 امراة من مجموعة السيطرة . غالبية النساء المصابة (50٪) في سن (30 - 39) سنة في حالة المضاد المناعي (ج)، في حين ان (10.26٪) في سن (20 - 29) سنة في حالة من المضاد المناعي (م).والنتائج كشفت عن ان اعلى نسبة للاجهاض التلقائي لوحظت في نساء الارياف . وفي الوقت نفسه، تم جمع نسيج الارومة المغذية للجنين خلال عملية الكشط والدم الوريدي للكشف وتقييم السيتوكينات المضادة للالتهابات (IL - 4، IL - 6، IL - 10) والسيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات (IL - 2،عامل نخر الورم - الفا TNF - α، - γ IFN) وقياس تركيزها باستخدام فحص انزيم مرتبط البلمرة المناعي ، تبين تركيز عال (49.97 ± 8.82، 180.7 ± 15.03، 94.34 ± 7.68) للسيتوكينات في الارومة المغذية للجنين (IL - 4، IL - 6، IL - 10 على التوالي) في حالة مجموعة السيطرة بالمقارنة مع مجموعات المرضى وتم الكشف عن نتيجة عكسية في مصل الدم ، في حين ان التراكيز عالية من السيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات (IL - 2، TNF - α، IFN - γ) كانت (134.17 ± 24.37، 432.16 ± 51.7، 100.46 ± 9.94 على التوالي) في حالة مجموعة الاجهاض التلقائي المتكررRSM)) بدلا من مجموعة السيطرة ومجموعة الاسقاط التلقائي غير المتكرر RSM - non مع وجود اختلافات معنوية كبير.p<0.001 وقد تبين في الدراسة الحالية وجود علاقة واضحة بين مناعة الامهات نوع TH2 والحمل الطبيعي، في حين يرتبط رد فعل جهاز المناعة نوع TH1 بفقدان الحمل. والتوازن الدقيق بين السيتوكينات الناتجة عن TH1 / TH2 ممكن ان يمنع خمج مقوسات قوندي . الذي يرتبط مع الانتاج الكبير من TH1 للسيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات.وعلاوة على ذلك نتائج حساب مستويات CD44، اظهر فرقا معنويا عاليا p<0.001 في حال مقارنة بين مجموعة السيطرة والمجموعتين من النساء المجهضات . وهكذا تم تسجيل ارتباط CD44 مع فعالية خلايا TH2 ؛ لذا فمن المرجح انه قد يكون هناك وجود علاقة بين الحمل الطبيعي وكثافة CD44 على سطح الخلية

تقويم تحمل بعض اصناف البطاطا Solanum tuberosum L للملوحة خارج الجسم الحي == Evaluation of certain potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars for salinity tolerance in vitro

Author name: اماني اسماعيل خليل طاهر
Supervisor name: ماجد عبد الحميد ابراهيم | عواطف نعمة جري
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study was carried out at the laboratory of plant tissue culture - college of Agriculture - University of Basra during the period 15/3/2013to 20/07/2015 ,to study the effect of salinity stress on some growthindicators contain in callus produced from three potato varieties (Lizeta,Arnova and Safari) in Vitro.The sprout of the three potato varieties (Lizeta, Arnova and Safari) were cultured in aseptic condition on Murashige and Skoog (MS) full strength media supplemented with IAA and BA at concentration of 1.0 mg / L in addition to GA3 at concentration of 0.1 mg / L.For callus induction, the shoots were cultured on (MS) media upplemented with 3 mg / L NAA in combination with 1 mg / L Kin or BA.Moreover; to study the effect of salinity stress on some growth indicators , the callus exposed to NaCl at concentration (0,80, 100, 120 ,140 and 160 mM ) four weeks period, in additon to the effect of salisalic acid in combination with NaCl on protien charectirstic in callus of three potato cultivars. The results sammurized at follow : 1 - The effect of cultivars and growth regulators results sammaurized : No significant on regeneriation ,but Arnova cultivar was superior in height plant and number of shoots reached (7.27 cm and 2.48 shoot ) respectively.Lizeta was superior in number of leaves (1.59 leaves / plant ), the combination of hormons (1.0 mg/L of eachIAA & BA) was superior in height plant and number of shoots reached (2.1 cm and 1.6 leaves / plant ) respectively. 2 - Lizeta cultivar was superior in (% callus induction, callus fresh weight on 28 and 45 days ,CHO,protein,proline, Lipid peroxidation and K+ ion) parameters reached (31% ,186.25 mg, 303.9 mg, 29.09 mg /gm dry weight , 16.29 mg/gm dry weight 3.05 μ.gm /dry weight , 204 nmol MDA g/ fw and 9.16 mg/gm dry weight ) respectively .While Ornova cultivar was superior in (plant hight,shoots number, callus dry weight ) reached (7.27 cm, 2.48 shoot/ plant and 18.13 mg) respectively .3 - The combination of (1.0 mg / l ) of BA and IAA affected significantly on number of shoots and leaves parameters and give (2.1 shoot/plant ,1.61 leaf/ plant ) respectivelywhile (1.0 mg/l IAA+0.1 mg/l GA3 +1.0 mg/l BA ) affected significantly on shoots hieght which reached 8.03 cm .4 - Varied response were found among potato callus growth under 100 mM concentration of salt stress, Arnova and Lizeta were superior as compare with Safari which didn’t show any response in addition to callus growth reduction were found at high concentration (120, 140 and 160 ) mM of salinity . Moreover,100 mM gave negative responce on on callus fresh and dry weight .Furthermore, NaCl affected significantly on V.C and Lipid peroxidation at high concentration of NaCl as compare to control treatment .Concerninig to (CHO,protien,proline, Na - 1 and Cl - 1 ions containt ) , 100 mM of NaCl gave posetive responce for both Lizeta and Arnova cultivars as compere to Safari which in turn recorded highest rate at 80 mM concentration and less concentration of protien , K and K/Na ratio 5 - the interaction of 120 mM NaCl with 0.250 mM SA affected significantly on callus growth in Lizeta as compare with other tow cultivars which recorded no responce NaCl affected posetively on Gen expression, in callus of potatocultivars which represented in a form of a new protein bands with new molecular weight at 80 and 100 mM in addition to the interaction of NaCl with SA treatment in Lizeta cultivar. 7 - Significant responce were found among NaCl and potato cultivars in % of shoot initiation reached 42.11% for Lizita in control treatment and less responce in 80 mM reached 11.78 %. 8 - Sucsessful % of acclimatized plant for Safari reached 82.59% as compare to other cultivars while Lizita was superior in plant hight number of leaves, total root system length ,total yield , number and dimeter of tubers reached (28.33cm, 5.50 leaf/plant ,1.06 dcm2 ,10.25 cm, 17.63 g/plant , 5.16 tuber/plant, 3.18 cm) respectively . On the other hand Safari cultivar were recorded significant reduction in proline, CHO, protien reached (2.03 μ.gm/dry weight, 23.05 and 5.77 mg/gm dry weight) respectively.

تشخيص فطري Trichoderma viride وTrichoderma harzianum بتقنية PCR واستخدامهما في تحسين القيمة الغذائية لمتبن واداء الحملان العرابية == Identification ofTrichodermaviride andTrichodermaharzianum by using Molecular Technique and Used to ImproveFeeding Value of Straw and Performance of Arabi Lambs

Author name: ميثم خلف علي الغالبي
Supervisor name: عماد فلاح حسن | طالب احمد جايد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The objectives of current study were to identify Trichoderma viridi and Trichoderma harzianum by genetics methods and used them singly or both (3% for each treatment) in improvement of barley straw and animal performance. A total of 20Arabi lambs aged about 3 - 4months with an average weight of 22.725±1.43 kg distributed randomly and equally to four nutritional treatments. Lambs fed individually as 2% of body weight, while straw was given ad libtium. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - The study was able to identify TV and TH using three different PCR techniques, which are PCR - RAPD, PCR - ITS and PCR - IGS.TV and TH showed three and two bands respectively when using PCR - RAPD at nearly 600bp.While both fungi showed one band by using PCR - ITS and PCR - IGS and at nearly 600 and 2,400bp respectively.2 - Using both fungi (treatment 4) resulted in a significant improvement in the chemical composition of the straw through the high content of crude protein and low crude fiber, ADF and NDF compared to untreated straw.3 - There were improvements indigestibilityofcrude protein, fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, ADFand NDF when the both fungi treatment was used. As well as total digestible nutrients of the fungus treated groups in comparison with untreated straw (control group).4 - Feed intake of treated straw groups increased significantly compared to untreated straw groupwiththe superiority of the group that was treated with both fungi (639.91 - 826.30 gm/head/day for control and both fungi group respectively). As well as there wasa significant improvement in feed conversion efficiency of a group treated with both fungi in comparison of other groups (6.38 - 5.52 kg feed/kg growth rate respectively).5 - Rumen pH, ammonia and total volatile fatty acid of lambs fed treated straw (6.22 - 6.89, 10.00 - 18.69; 11.35 - 13.61 for control115group and both fungi group respectively) were significantly higher than those of untreated group.6 - There were significant improvements in lambs’bodyweigh tsand their absolute and relative gains when fed treated straw (37.82 kg, 14.97kg and 65.67% respectively) especially the group fed both fungi in comparison with untreated group (32.79 kg, 10.03kg and 43.89%respectively).7 - Globulin, AST and ALT was not significantly influenced bytreated straw. On the contrary, there were a significant increase inhemoglobin, glucose, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio of the treated groupcompared with the untreated straw. While a significant decrease in urea and cholesterollevelin theblood serumof treated groups in comparison with untreated group.8 - Economic evaluation ofadding fungitostrawshowed improvement inthe relativeeconomic efficiencyby26.2%, 37.0% and 59.5% for adding TVorTH or bothtogetherrespectively. Adding fungi decreasedthe cost of feed from 46.65Dinars/ kg increase in body weight gains incase of untreated straw to 40.15dinars/ kg when adding both fungi.
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