اسم المؤلف:
زينب صبري مهدي
اسم المشرف:
كاظم باقر علي
المستخلص:
It led the strategic and economic importance for Iran to pay big countries like the United States to direct its attention to the interests of almost constant in this region, and this is what led to the treatment of Iran's special treatment, especially during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941 - 1979) as it was aimed at creating a system to be a regional imperialist, based on her eastern shores of the Arabian Gulf in particular, and the Middle East in general.Came the American hostage crisis, which was the premier event in the strained political relations between the United States and Iran after the shah's fall at the hands of religious 1979 Foundation, was take over the Government of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, marking the beginning of a new phase of relations with the United States, marked by an escalation of tension that reached peak of attacking Iranian students the American embassy in Tehran in November 4, 1979, and seizing him and his employees as well as their documents, as this crisis lasted 444 days, and immediately after the storming of the students embassy were 52 Americans were held employees hostage to them, it has been the move came in response to allow the governmentAmerican Shah to enter for treatment of cancer, although the Iranian government warning of this act, as well as put an end to US influence in Iran; and strike a powerful United States and humiliating to push to end the rule of the Shah officially; and pre - empt any attempt to return to the rule of Iran, again, has the US government made it clear that allowing the entry of the Shah of treatment, required by humanitarian considerations. On 18 December, Ayatollah Khomeini declared that the hostages will be treated spies by the Iranian Islamic court in the event of non - delivery of the United States, the shah to Iran for trial, and this was an important condition for ending the crisis with its requirement as well as the confiscation of the Shah's assets in US banks for the benefit of Iran, and an apology America openly about the grave mistakes against Iran, has supported the Ayatollah Khomeini's students perform this when he said, "if they refuse extradition will take too much."As for the Shah he has left the United States in January to settle in Panama and then left in March 1980 to Egypt width of President Anwar Sadat, and in this period, the United States did not hesitate a moment ago hostage, seeking to secure their liberation in various peaceful means and sometimes forced at other times and I went in it to the extreme, as it sought to negotiate with the Iranian side, to secure the release of its nationals, tried to resort to peaceful settlements (political, diplomatic and judicial), as the United States has resorted after the hostage - taking to the Security Council, and engineered from a decision condemns the taking of hostages, and asks release, and instructed the Council Secretary - General of the United Nations, the formation of a fact - finding committee in Iran, but they are not successful in their work, the United States also resorted to the international Court of Justice, requesting the issuance of a provisional orders them to release the hostages, and the court complied with the US request, and issued its verdict on 15 / 12/1979, which it decided to Iran in violation of the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic relations 1961, relations consulate in 1963, and demanded that the court Iran to re embassy and US consulates buildings to the control of the United States, and immediate release of the hostages, but Iran does not heed the decision of the court in question, as failed attempts similar made America through the many parliamentary and personal missions of US, and when these attempts failed last resorted to coercive means through of the trade embargo and the freezing of assets of economic sanctions, as the United States decided to ban the import of Iranian oil, has also freeze the assets of Iran and property in US territory, in all the American banks; as Carter of trying to use force to rescue the hostages in April 24, 1980 aircraft tasked landed to carry out the rescue in the desert near Tehran, but the airline Marines toward Tehran ended in disaster in the desert of Tabas in eastern Iran, did not solve this crisis the death of the Shah in Egypt July 27, 1980, but lasted until the US political efforts went strongly to end the crisis
