Author name:
مناف جاسب محمدعلي الخزاعي
Supervisor name:
مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي
Abstract:
Iraq has witnessed through its modern and contemporary history the appearance of a lot of ideological and intellectual movements that were different and contradictory political parties, in their bid to gain power, authority and make political achievements , a collision and conflict emerged in trends ,ideas and goalsbetween those parties, the communist and the Arab Baath socialist.They are so contradictive ideologically with each other. Ones feels that the Arab Baath party foundation was the result of the existence of the Communist party and its ideas.This conflict was reflected on the political attitude in the Iraqi field and leads to a mass chaos and sever conflict which affected negatively the economic, social and political lives of the Iraqis.The statue of collision and conflict of both parties varies from time to another according to the weakness and strength state of the party.It started as a conflict in visions,Concepts and orientations then developed to political exclusions in most of times ,the conflict in all its forms was continues till 1968 when the Arab Baath party conquered the authority in Iraq and started to exclude and marginalization of all parties and political movements in Iraq.From this corner point came the importance of the subject that used to follow the conflict state between the two parties throughout the period of the study mentioned.We considered the period between ( 1947 - 1968 ) as the time limits.1947 represented the foundation of the Arab Baath socialist party when it was officially established on the 7th April 1947.While the 1968 represented the time of the Arab Baath controlling of all the authorities and power in Iraq then starting to cancel any role to the communist part on the Iraqi field as a real competitive partner,not only that but make it as a follower to him.During that period ,the two parties witnessed a noticeable ideological activity and a great expansion on their followers and supporting public and professional organizations.In addition to the multiplicity of their positions of internal economic, social and political issues.This study consists of a preface, five chapters and a conclusion and a set of appendices in addition to this introduction, which aimed to clarify the importance of the thesis material and identify the most important implications.In the Introduction, where we dealt with the beginning of the formation of ideas of both parties and the beginning of their establishment public principles.The first Chapter dealt with the intellectual contradictions between the two parties where we declared the intellectual differences between them within several aspects included internationalism , nationalism ,democracy , the Central public democracy , religion , scientific socialism , Arabic Socialism,Federal Union , immediate unity , the revolution , coup ,the situation concerning minorities and the rights of self - determination.The second chapter highlighted the theme of the relationship between the two parties against the internal political events for the period between 1947 - 1958 and included December prance 1948 ,the uprising in November 1952 , the United Popular Front in 1954 , the uprising of 1956 , the National Front Union in 1957 and wedeclared it clear that the attempt of each party's respective outcropping on the other party's account and try to prove their presence and their role in the events which led to compete and hostility between them.Chapter III wasdevoted to declare the case of conflict between the two parties in the field of interior politics ( July 14, 1958 - 8 in February 1963) which included the Arab unity and its impact on the conflict between them,the movements of Rashid Ali , Abdul WahabAl - Shawwaf and their impact on the relationship between the two parties as well as the assassination of Abdul Karim Qasim and its reflections on trying The relationship between them. This period had stormyevents in which conflict was very clear and reflected on all aspects of life causing total chaos and political confusion.Chapter IV devoted to declarethe case of conflict between the two parties on the leadership of the public professional and trade, labor union organizations and the competition work in different fronts.In addition the difference in their positions in dealing with the Kurdish issue to find the best solution.In chapter V the conflict had reached its climax point during the period (8 Feb.1963 - 17 July 1968 ) precisely in section one which lasted until 18 October 1963 when the first reign of Baath ruling had removed. During this period the shape of conflict characterized in various types; The elimination of political opponents, torture, arrest and severely treat political opponents. Then the conflict had shifted into sever ideological political differences at the end of Abdul - Salam Arif reign on 13th of April 1963.After that it changed into a difference in their visions and ways of solving the domestic problems.While the conclusion implemented the most important scientific results in accordance with their contents.We sought through supplements of this study to the publication of documents and important data to both parties with a difference because the Baath Party documents had been published in the book : "The struggle of the Baath documentary"This thesis depended on published and unpublished documentsAnd the literature of their members and diaries of followers who lived through the events and they were a center of the political decision at the time , the message and university thesis, which dealt with the march of the two parties and their activities and some English books, Arabic books, translated in addition to researches and published studies, newspapers, magazines and personal interviews with the Baathists and communists who had informed on events in that period.The study reached a number of conclusions which were represented that the establishment of the two parties was not derived out of total conviction is in their principles and methods but the foundation of the communist party came as the foundation of some Arab communist parties in Egypt and Algeria ,its ideology was not originally related to the people's needs and does not meet their political ,economic and social conditions. It was just an imported theory from the Soviet Union without any attention to the differences between both societies. On the other side ,the foundation of the Arab Baath socialist party came as a re - action on the foundation of the Communist party. Also its principles and views Was not taken from the Arabic society but was a combination of a scattered ideas from all over the world ;French socialism ,German Nationalism , some of the Islamic tradition and a lot of Marxism thoughts. They are a mixture of not harmonized thoughts.We have proved the ideological conflict between the two parties which taken some contradictive decisions and showed that the Baath party has no obvious ideology but just to oppose the communist party although on the surface they seem to meet ideologically in dealing with some of the interior problems during the period 1974 - 1958 but the differences sooner began to appear after each event in deciding the slogans the demonstrators should pear and the role of each party in controlling the street. Both of them assumed to control the streetand this leads to the enlargement of the difference between them characterized in the speeches. As a result the conflict became stronger.During the period1958 - 1963 the conflict decreased and shifted into coups and conspiracies.The Baath was the generator of these events aiming to get rid of the communist party to control the country and ruling it, Baath realized the only way to defeat the communist party was through assassinatingAbdul Kareem Kasim.This plan was targeted towards the communist party and that what was happened on the 8th of Feb. 1963.Concerning the working on various fronts ,both parties was not truthful in his preaches but they would like to increase their followers and to capture the authority and power at the same time to destroy all the political opponents.Their invitations to solve the Kurdish issue were not stable and fundamental they vary according to the strength and weakness of each party during the period he passed through. Conflict increased and characterized in different types after 8th Feb 1963 the Baath After the successful coup and began to rule Iraq.The first thing Baath started with is to get rid of all his political opponents from the communist party severely. That was not stopped at preventing communist ideology from being spread but included the assassinations of communist members and arresting some of them ,torturing them and denies them. The conflictviolence released after the end of Baath ruling on the 18th November 1963 and changed into a differences in visions and concepts concerning internal political situations and this was continues until the return of the Baath to the ruling of Iraq on the 17th of July 1968.
