University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: Dexamethasone (DX) is considered one of the steroidal drugs which have varieties of clinical application in medicine for treatment of many different cases. The present study was aimed to know the effect of DX on the implantation of blastocyst during the days 7 and ten of pregnancy, and the process of development of cartilage and bones in the fetuses of albino rats during the days 15 and 20 of pregnancy. In addition to that some physiological parameters aimed to be elucidated in the pregnant rats. The study was conducted in the department of Biology \College of Education for Pure Sciences/ University of Karbala in the period of April, 2016 to May 2017. Ninety four albino rats have been used, among them 10 male rats were used for matting with 84 female rats .The females were divided into three groups, with 28 rats for each group . The first control group was injected with physiological normal saline (0.9%) intraperitoneally. The other two groups were received daily injection via the same route with 0.2 and 0.4 of DX \ 250 gm. of body weight respectively. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups with seven pregnant female rats for each one. The pregnant rats of each subgroup were sacrificed on the following days : 7,10,15, and 20 respectively The subgroups of the latter two days were used to study the development of the cartilage and bones. Half of the embryos on day 20 of pregnancy from the control and treated groups were used for histological sectioning; while the other half were used to stain the embryonic skeleton according to double staining technique of Whitaker and Dix . All the collected samples which include the implantation sites from the pregnant uteri at days 7 and 10, together with whole embryos from days 15 and 20 of pregnancy, were put in two types of fixatives : 10% formalin and Boun's solution. The collected samples then processed according to the traditional methods of paraffin embedding to be cut into sections of five µm thicknesses. The sections were stained by haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E); one step trichrome; periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) with and without diastase; Alcian blue at pH 1.0 and 2.5. Blood samples from pregnant rats were collected on days 7,10,15,and 20 of pregnancy to check for the following biochemical parameters : concentration of calcium ,phosphate and potassium ions ;alkaline phosphatase ,and acid phosphatase enzymes; and estimation of parathyroid and calcitonin hormones. The results of the H&E stained section of pregnant sites of both the control and treated groups have shown that blastocyst was implanted in the antimesometrial side of the uterus. Most of this side of the uterus has become decidualized tissue, where four zones could be identified : the primary decidual zone; secondary decidual zone ;implantation site; and undifferentiated decidual basal zone. On day 10 of pregnancy the embryos have shifted their position from the antimesometrial side to the mesometrial side of the uterus. The decidual tissue has grown wider and included most of stromal cells of the endometrium. The changing of the position of the embryos at day 10 is important for their survival because they will become nearer to the main blood supply to uterus which are running in the mesometrium. The results of the one step trichrome stained sections from both the control and treated groups have shown clear distribution of collagen fibers in the decidual tissues at days 7 and 10 of pregnancy, which gave an indication of the success of pregnancy up to these stages. The primary decidual zone was devoid of collagen fibers but they are evident in the secondary decidual zone. At day 10 of pregnancy the collagen fibers were more in evidence especially at the mesometrial side of the uterus. The importance of collagen fibers was to give support to the blood vessels supplying the placenta which are coursing through the mesometrium. Positive stain has been revealed in PAS reaction in decidual tissue on day seven of pregnancy without diastase, but it was negative with diastase. No reaction ,in the decidual tissue, with and without diastase was noticed at day ten of pregnancy. With Alcian blue pH 1.0 no reaction was noticed in the decidual tissue of both control and treated groups at days seven and ten of pregnancy. On the other hand positive reaction has come out at pH 2.5. The reaction at that pH was more prominent at the antimesometrial decidual tissue. But it was only depicted in the wall of blood sinusoid of the mesometrial decidual tissue. Tongue like extensions of trophoblasts was noticed to be extending from the recently implanted embryo toward the endometrium, at day seven of pregnancy of both the control and treated group. The trophoblasts were pushing themselves in the direction of mesometrial decidual tissue in order to reach and settle nearer and in the wall of the blood sinusoids of that area. The invasion trophoblasts destination was to reach to the spiral arteries supplying the labyrinthine placenta in the rats. At the 15th day of gestation there was no significant change in the cartilage model in the posterior limbs of the two treatment groups from the control group. The important signal indicated by the present study was observation of cartilaginous cell necrosis, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, At the age of near the end of pregnancy in the treatment groups, many of the effects on the bone tissue, which are the existence of a vacuum around the bone cells and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in addition to bone erosion and arthritis and the reduction of cartilage and irregularity of medicine Surface area, hyperlipidemias and leavicular necrosis. Bone marrow squeaks in the control group and the first dose group of dexamethasone were found to be more extensive than the second treatment group. The bones of control group embryos stained with alizarin red has acquired much more red coloration than the treated group embryos, which indicated a slowdown of ossification in their bones compared with control group, Showed that the length of the skull, spine, forelimbs and hind limbs of the fetal fetus at the age of 20 days of gestation of from the treatment groups has decreased for length in the control group but the decline was not significantly level (P <0.05) . The calcium, phosphate and potassium ions concentration was low in the blood serum of treated group ( P< 0.05) during the whole period studied. However the phosphate ions was low in the control group .For the alkaline phosphatase level, it was significantly low ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compare with the control. On the other hand the level of the acid phosphatase was high in the treated group ( P< 0.05). The concentration of both the parathyroid and calcitonin hormones was significantly higher ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compared with control. In conclusion, the present study has revealed that DX treatment showed no interference with the process of implantation during the days seven and ten, and with chondrogenesis on day fifteen of pregnancy. While the effect on cartilage formation on the fifteenth day and bone on the twentieth day of pregnancy.

تشخيص فطري Trichoderma viride وTrichoderma harzianum بتقنية PCR واستخدامهما في تحسين القيمة الغذائية لمتبن واداء الحملان العرابية == Identification ofTrichodermaviride andTrichodermaharzianum by using Molecular Technique and Used to ImproveFeeding Value of Straw and Performance of Arabi Lambs

Author name: ميثم خلف علي الغالبي

Supervisor name: عماد فلاح حسن | طالب احمد جايد

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The objectives of current study were to identify Trichoderma viridi and Trichoderma harzianum by genetics methods and used them singly or both (3% for each treatment) in improvement of barley straw and animal performance. A total of 20Arabi lambs aged about 3 - 4months with an average weight of 22.725±1.43 kg distributed randomly and equally to four nutritional treatments. Lambs fed individually as 2% of body weight, while straw was given ad libtium. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - The study was able to identify TV and TH using three different PCR techniques, which are PCR - RAPD, PCR - ITS and PCR - IGS.TV and TH showed three and two bands respectively when using PCR - RAPD at nearly 600bp.While both fungi showed one band by using PCR - ITS and PCR - IGS and at nearly 600 and 2,400bp respectively.2 - Using both fungi (treatment 4) resulted in a significant improvement in the chemical composition of the straw through the high content of crude protein and low crude fiber, ADF and NDF compared to untreated straw.3 - There were improvements indigestibilityofcrude protein, fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, ADFand NDF when the both fungi treatment was used. As well as total digestible nutrients of the fungus treated groups in comparison with untreated straw (control group).4 - Feed intake of treated straw groups increased significantly compared to untreated straw groupwiththe superiority of the group that was treated with both fungi (639.91 - 826.30 gm/head/day for control and both fungi group respectively). As well as there wasa significant improvement in feed conversion efficiency of a group treated with both fungi in comparison of other groups (6.38 - 5.52 kg feed/kg growth rate respectively).5 - Rumen pH, ammonia and total volatile fatty acid of lambs fed treated straw (6.22 - 6.89, 10.00 - 18.69; 11.35 - 13.61 for control115group and both fungi group respectively) were significantly higher than those of untreated group.6 - There were significant improvements in lambs’bodyweigh tsand their absolute and relative gains when fed treated straw (37.82 kg, 14.97kg and 65.67% respectively) especially the group fed both fungi in comparison with untreated group (32.79 kg, 10.03kg and 43.89%respectively).7 - Globulin, AST and ALT was not significantly influenced bytreated straw. On the contrary, there were a significant increase inhemoglobin, glucose, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio of the treated groupcompared with the untreated straw. While a significant decrease in urea and cholesterollevelin theblood serumof treated groups in comparison with untreated group.8 - Economic evaluation ofadding fungitostrawshowed improvement inthe relativeeconomic efficiencyby26.2%, 37.0% and 59.5% for adding TVorTH or bothtogetherrespectively. Adding fungi decreasedthe cost of feed from 46.65Dinars/ kg increase in body weight gains incase of untreated straw to 40.15dinars/ kg when adding both fungi.

تاثير حقن بيض التفقيس ببعض المغذيات والتغذية المبكرة في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسيولوجية لفروج اللحم == The effect of in ovo - injection of Hatching Eggs with Some Nutrients and early Feeding on Productive Performance and Some Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicks

Author name: هدى فالح سعد الساعدي

Supervisor name: رياض كاظم موسى | طارق فرج شوكت

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study was undertaken at the poultry field of Animal ResourceDepartment \college of Agriculture \University of Basra in Jan.,28th toMar.,3th,2013 and in Oct.,28th to December,23th 2013 for the first and secondexperimentrespectively . The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectof hatching eggs injection with the some nutritious (Folic acid vitamins,Pyridoxine, Threonine amino acid) for the first experiment and choosing besttreatment from first experiment and injection with Arginine amino acid ,folicacid as well as the effect of feeding time on the performance and somephysiological traits of broiler chicks .In the first experiment ,825 hatching eggsof Ross 308 broiler were received from the hatchery .At 14th day of incubationstage ,eggs were tested and unfertile eggs were discarded ,the remainder eggswere divided into seven treatments and injected with 0.1 ml of solution in airsac position of the egg as follows : 1. First treatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1ml of threonine solution (30μgconcentration per an egg).2. Second treatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of b6 vitamin solution(100μg concentration per an egg)3. Thirdtreatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of mix from L - threonine aminoacid plus b6 vitamin (30μgand 100μg) per an egg.4. Fourthtreatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of Folic acid vitamin solution(250g) per of an egg.5. Fifthtreatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of mix solution from Lthreonineamino acid plus Folic acid vitamin (30μg and 250 g) per an egg.6. Sixthtreatment : positiveControl : injection100 eggs with 0.1 mlSterile distilledwaterper egg.7. Seventhtreatment : negativeControl : 155 eggs were left withoutinjection.Hatching chicks of each treatment were distributed in to three replicate (15 Chicksfor each replicate) .Birds were reared up to five weeks of age.The results of first experiment painted out to : 1. There was significantly (P<0.05) proceeding for the treatment of egg injectionwith some nutrients on hatching percentage ,hatching chick weight ,bodyBweight ,body weight gain and weekly and Cumulative feed conversion ratio.whereas, this treatment showed less embryonic mortality percentage incomparison with other experimental treatments and There was significantly(P<0.05) increase in weekly and Cumulative feed intake of birds that werehatched from injected eggs with ( folic acid ,threonine amino acid) during thesecond ,fourth and fifth week were as ,the treatment of pyridoxine injectionshowed less mortality percentage compared to other experimental treatments .2. Treatment of folic acid and threonine and pyridoxine injection showedsignificant (P<0.05) increases in the dressingpercentage, weights of breast,thigh and edible viscera comparison with other treatments.3. There was significantly(P<0.05) increase in red blood cells number,hemoglobinconcentration package cells volume of broilers that were hatchedfrom egg injection with (folic acid plus threonine) at 3 and 5 weeks of agecompared to other treatment While , Treatment of Pyridoxine eggs injectionshowed highest mean of white blood cells at 3 weeks of age, whereas,treatment of Pyridoxine and folic acid eggs injection proceeding otherexperimental treatment in highest mean of white blood cells at 5 weeks of age .4. There was significantly(P<0.05) increase in total protein concentration,glucose ,Globulins, and less uric acid concentration and cholesterol in chicksblood serum of folic acid and threonine egg injection treatment at 3 and 5weeks of age in comparison with other treatment. Whereas, there were nosignificant effect of egg injection on triglycerides concentration and on T3 andT4 hormone in broiler blood serum.5. There was no significantly effect of egg injection with nutritive on low densityfatty proteins concentration whereas,the negativecontrol treatment showedhighest concentration of low and high proteins at 3 and 5 weeks of agecompared to other experimental treatments.6. T4 hormone concentration in hatchingbroiler blood serum of threonineinjection treatment increased significant (P<0.05) at 3 weeks of age ,whereas,T4 hormones concentration was higher respecting treatment of folic acid andthreonine injection at 5 weeks of age in comparison with other treatment.7. There was significantly (P<0.05) increase in phosphorus ,calcium and ferricconcentrations in blood serum of the hatchingbroilers of folic acid andthreonine egg injection treatment at 3 and 5 weeks of age in comparison withother treatments.C8. There was significantly (P<0.05) increase in the villus lengths cryptsdepth ofjejunum of the boilers Caracasrespecting Folicacid and Threonine injectiontreatment in comparison with other treatment.According to the firstexperiment results and choosing the best treatment of egginjection with nutritive, the second experiment was carried out .the treatmentof this experiment whereas follows : 1. Firsttreatment : hatching eggs injection with (30μg of threonine, 250g of folicacid) per an egg.2. Secondtreatment : hatching eggs injection with (5 μg of arginine) per an egg.3. Thirdtreatment : hatching eggs injection with (5 μg of arginine plus 250 goffolic acid) per an egg.4. Fourth treatment : the control treatment (withoutinjection).Hatching chicks of each treatment were divided in to groups each of threereplicates ( 12 Chicks for each replicates ) .firstgroups chicks were fed at thehatchery ,whereas,second groupschicks were fed after 24 hours at field. Chickswere reared from 1 day after hatching up to 5 weeks of age .the results of thesecond experiment pointed out to : 1. Treatments of injection with arginine and Folic acid and threonine plus folicacid proceeding significantly (P<0.05) in hatching percentage andhatchingchicksweight, whereas, This treatment showed less percentage of lateembryonic mortality in comparison with other treatments. Also, Broiler birdsof Arginine and Folic acid injection treatment showed significantly (P˂0.05)increase in body weight, weekly body again, weekly and Cumulativefeedintake,weekly and Cumulative feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage.Whereas, treatment with arginine and folic acid injection showed less totalmortality mean compared to other treatments. Also, there was significantly(P˂0.05) effect of feeding time on some productive traits. Treatments offeeding at the hatchery showed significant increase in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, better feed conversion ratio and dressing percentagein comparison with treatments of feeding at field after 24 hours.2 - There was a significantly (P˂0.05) effect of interaction between eggs injectionwith nutritious and feeding time on body weight, body weight gain and feedconversion ratio. Treatment of folic acid arginine (hatchery feeding) showedDhighest body weight, body weight gain, better feed conversion ratio incomparison with the control treatment (Field Feeding after 24 hours).Treatment of arginine injection (HatcheryFeeding) was highest dressingpercentage, whereas there was no significant effect of interaction on feedintake and total mortality.3 - Treatment of threonine and folic acid injection showed a significantly (P˂0.05)increase in bird’s body fullness, gizzard weight and Fabricia gland. Whereas,treatment of arginine and folic acid injection showed a significantly (P˂0.05)increase in breast fullness liver and heart weight in comparison with othertreatments.4 - Feeding time affected significantly (P˂0.05) on some carcasses traits. Carcassesof feeding at hatchery treatment were better significantly in body fullness,breastfullness, and heart, liver, gizzard, and Fabricia gland and pancreasweights. Whereas, carcasses of feeding at field treatment were of high pad fatweight. There was no significant effect of interaction between injection andfeeding time on carcasses traits.5 - There was a significant (P˂0.05) increase in red and white blood cells numbers 3days and 5 weeks of age and in hemoglobin concentration at 5 weeks of agerespecting the treatment of arginine and folic acid in comparison with othertreatments. Control treatment exceeded in Heterophil cells\ lymphocyte cellspercentage at 3 and 5 weeks of age compared to treatments.6 - There was a significantly (P˂0.05) effect of feeding time on some cellular bloodcharacteristics. Treatment of the field feeding exceeded in red blood cellsnumbers, hemoglobin concentration and Heterophil cells\lymphocyte cellspercentage at 3 days and 5 weeks of age. Whereas, treatment of the hatcheryfeeding exceeded in white blood cells numbers compared to treatment of thefield feeding after 24 hours.There was no significantly (P˂0.05) effect ofinteraction between injection and feeding time on the cellular bloodcharacteristics at 3days of age, whereas this interaction affected significantly(P˂0.05) on the white blood numbers and Heterophil cells\lymphocyte cellspercentage at 5weeks of age.E7 - Treatment of arginine and folic acid injection exceeded significantly (P˂0.05)in serum total protein concentration at 3 days and in total proteinconcentration, uric acid and GPT, GOT enzymes in blood plasma at 5 weeksof age. Treatment of threonine and folic acid in comparison with othertreatments.8 - Feeding time affected significantly (P˂0.05) on biochemical bloodcharacteristics. Treatment of the hatchery feeding exceeded in glucoseconcentration and total protein at 3 days of age and in total protein concentration and uric acid at 5 weeks of age. Treatment of the field feeding exceeded in blood serum cholesterol concentration in comparison with thetreatment of hatchery feeding. There was no significant (P˂0.05) effect ofinteraction between injection and feeding time on the biochemical bloodcharacteristics at 5 weeks of age. 9 - There was a significant (P˂0.05) increase in villus Length and crypts Depth of the intestinal jejunum of comparison with of threonine and folic acid injection treatment in comparison with other treatments. Treatment of the hatchery feeding exceeded (P˂0.05) respecting those traits compared to the field eeding treatment. There was a significantly (P˂0.05) effect of interaction (TheHatchery Feeding) and feeding time villus, length and crypts Depths werehighest at 1 and 5 weeks of age.

تاثير احلال نسب مختلفة من مجروش نوى التمر محل الشعير مع او بدون اضافة خميرة الخبز (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) في اداء الحملان العرابية الذكرية == Effect of replacing different ratios of crushed Date Stone instead of barley with or without addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of Arabi Male Lambs

Author name: كريم حمادي مهنى ابو سلوى

Supervisor name: محارب عبد الحميد طاهر | عـماد فلاح الجاسم

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study was conducted in the Animal Farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah. A total of 28 Arabi male lambs were used, with average age of 5 months and mean body weight of 21.74 ± 1.33 Kg. Lambs were distributed equally and randomly into 7 nutrition rations in two experiments. First experiment was a growth experiment which lasted for 90 days. The second was digestion field experiment and lasted for 13 days after the end of the first experiment. The experimental rations were as follows : Ration - 1 - (control) - fed on concentrate ration only by 3% of body weight. Ration - 2 - fed on 90% of the control ration and 10% of ground date stones substituted for the barley.Ration - 3 - lambs fed on the ration 2 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) / Kg of feed. Ration - 4 - fed on 80% of the control ration with substitution of 20% of date stones for barley.Ration - 5 - lambs fed on the ration 4 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Ration - 6 - fed on 70% of the control ration and 30% of date stones.Ration - 7 - lambs fed on the ration 6 with addition of 3 grams of bakery yeast per Kg of feed.Results were as follows : 1 - Mean final body weight (34.00 Kg) except Control ration, total gain weight (12.75 Kg) except the control and 2 rations and daily gain weight (141.67 g/ day) of lambs in ration 3 were significantly higher than animals in other rations.2 - Animals of ration 3 recorded the highest feed consumption arithmetically (0.829 Kg/ day/ lamb) and the best feed conversion ratio arithmetically too (5.85 Kg dry matter/ Kg body weight gain).3 - Substitution of date stones with addition of bakery yeast affected digestion coefficients of feed nutrients. Ration 3 was superior in digestion coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen free extract to other rations. These values were 70.64, 72.11 and 80.64 %.4 - Results showed significant differences between means of pH of rumen fluid and total bacterial count which Significant decreases in each of 6 and 7 rations than other rations while in the counts of cellulolytic digestion bacteria, ration 3 were significantly than animals in other rations but not differ significantly from that of the ration 5 while it was similar with control ration. 5 - No significant differences between rations were noticed in means of red blood corpuscles, white blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, cholesterol concentration, glucose concentration and concentration of the enzymes GPT and GOT. While differences between means of blood urea concentration and total protein of blood were significant.6 - Mean empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage on the basis of live weight and empty body weight of lambs in ration 3 28.02 Kg, 16.18 Kg, 47.59% and 57.74% respectively were significantly higher than that of animals in other rations except control ration in hot carcass weight.7 - The highest weights of rib cut (rib 7 - 12), leg cut and loin cut were for animals in ration 3 (1.61, 5.00 and 2.40 Kg respectively) than other rations but in the loin cut, the ration 3 was similar to the control ration 2.16 Kg.8 - For body measurements, the highest leg circumference were recorded for animals in rations 2 and 3 (35.00 and 36.50 cm respectively) than other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration. While the highest rib eye muscle area was for carcasses of animals in ration 3 (14.41 cm2) but this value did not differ significantly from that of the control animals (13.45 cm2).9 - In the case of some carcass muscle weights, the muscle Supraspinatus weight were higher in the animals of the ration 3 (176.67 g) but it was similar to control ration (164.25 g). Weight of the muscle Biceps femoris was higher in the carcasses of animals in ration 3 (625.75 g).10 - Carcasses of animals in ration 3 recorded the highest dissected lean meat 931.70 g and fat 280.55 g in rib cut, but no significant differences were registered for dissected bone weight among the different rations. Also weights of the internal organs of the animals namely : liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, spleen and the testicles for animals in ration 3 were higher than that of other rations.11 - Mean weights of separated fat of carcasses were higher for animals of the 2 and 3 rations (1.93 and 1.95 Kg respectively) in comparison with animals of other rations but these rations were similar to the control ration 2.08 Kg.12 - Substitution of date stones in percentages of 10% and 20%, with the addition of bakery yeast caused significant improvement in organoleptic characteristics (color, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability). Evaluation of samples of rations 3 and 5 were superior to that of other rations.13 - Rations 3 and 5 gave the best results for water holding capacity in meat. No significant differences were obtained in cholesterol concentration and pH of meat.Results showed that the lowest values of cooking loss were in ration 3 (43.30 %).No significant differences were observed in chemical composition of theLongissimus dorsi muscle (moisture, protein, fat and ash) between rations.

تاثير اضافة بعض الاحماض الامينية وعصير البنجر الى المخففات في بعض صفات السائل المنوي المبرد والمجمد للكباش == Effect of adding some amino acid and Beet juice to the dilutors on some cooling and freezing rams semen traits

Author name: فلاح عبد المحسن عبد الله الاسدي

Supervisor name: عماد فلاح حسن | عبد الرزاق نعيم خضير

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The present study was conducted at the agricultural experimental Research Station / College of Agriculture / University of Basrah form 3rd /1/2015 to 3rd /1/2016. A total of 12 mature rams (4 Najdi , 4 Arabi and 4 crosses) aged 3 - 3.5 years with nearly similar weights . Nutrition depended on concentrate ration ( 47 % wheat bran , 50 % barely ,1% urea , 1% CaCo3 and 1% Nacl ) , with 16.58 % crude protein and TDN 72.17% and was given 0.5kg /animal twice aday (at morning and afternoon)500 - 750 g / animal green fodder with wheat straw was given as it was available in the farm , cubic mineral and water provided freely at the day. Rams were training for semen collection for 30 days before the beginning of the study by using artificial vagina used for sheep. Semen was collected three time each month. The study includes two experiments : First experiment : It was designed to study the effect of breed , season ( spring , summer , autumn and winter ) and month on semen characteristics physical , sexual hormones ( testosterone , ICSH and SSH) of blood serum and level of enzymes ( AST , ALT and ALP ) of blood plasma.Second experiment : It included ten diluters from local materials (Beet pulp juice ) with 5 , 10 and 15% egg yolk and amino acids ( Glycin and cysteine ) with concentration of (5, 10 and 15) mmol. It also included the effect of type of dilutor , cooling , freezing storage period ( one and two months) in liquid nitrogen ( - 1960 C) on individual motility and live sperm percent .bThe results can be summarized as follow : 1 - Arabi rams exceeded (P<0.05) Najdi and crosses rams in their semen pH , spring also showed higher (P<0.05)pH followed by winter in comparison with summer and autumn .May showed higher (P<0.05) semen pH in comparison with other months.2 - Najdi rams exceeded (P<0.05)Arabi and their crosses in mean ejaculate volume, mass and individual sperm motility , sperm concentration , live sperm percent and mean testes circumference .3 - Summer and autumn showed higher (P<0.05) in meanejaculate volume , mass and individual sperm motility , sperm concentration , live sperm percent and mean scrotal circumference than winter and spring . Spring also showed higher (P<0.05) dead sperm percent followed by winter in comparison with summer and autumn .4 - August showed higher (P<0.05) ejaculate volume and mass and individual sperm motility followed July and June in comparison with other months. September , August and October exceeded (P<0.05)in comparison with other months sperm percent . October showed higher (P<0.05) in live sperm percent in comparison with other months . Highest (P<0.05) dead sperm percent happened during March followed by April and May . Scrotal circumference was high (P<0.05) during September followed by November and October.5 - Najdi and Arabi rams showed significant (P<0.05)differences in testosterone and ICSH hormones in comparison with their crosses . However , crosses exceeded (P<0.05)Arabi and Najdi rams in mean of SSH hormone. Autumn followed by summer exceeded (P<0.05) wintercand spring in testosterone , ICSH and SSH hormones. September and October showed higher (P<0.05)testosterone, ICSH and SSH hormones in comparison with other months.6 - Arabi rams exceed (P<0.05) both Najdi and their cross by enzymes concentration ( AST, ALT and ALP) of semen plasma . Spring and winter exceeded (P<0.05) summer and autumn by mean of ALT and AST enzymes. However , summer and winter exceeded (P<0.05) autumn and spring by mean of ALP concentration . March showed highest (P<0.05)AST and ALT concentration , while August showed highest (P<0.05) ALP concentration.7 - Amino acid diluter ( 15 mmol glysin and cysteine ) and 10 % beet pulp juice showed highest (P<0.05) individual motility after cooling and freezing for month and two monthsduring all months of year. While the beet pulp juice 15% and control showed the lowest means (P<0.05) of individual motility after cooling and two months of freezing.8 - Glysin 10 and 15 mmol , cysteine 10 mmol and beet juice 10% showed significant (P<0.05) increase in live sperm percent after and cooling and freezing . On other hand beet pulp juice 15% and control recorded the least value (P<0.05) . Beet pulp juice and control showed the highest (P<0.05) level of dead sperm percent after cooling and freezing in contrary with glysin 10 mmol and cysteine 15 mmol

التعبير الجيني ووفرة نسخ mRNA لجينات نقل العناصر الغذائية في الامعاء الدقيقة لفروج اللحم باختلاف مستوى الطاقة والبروتين في العليقة == Gene Expression and mRNA Abundance of Nutrients Transporter Genes in The Small Intestine of Broiler of Different Levels of Protein and Energy in Diets

Author name: علي احمد عبد الكریم ابراهیم العامري

Supervisor name: اسعد یحیى عاید | عبد لله عبد المنعم

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study was conducted in both Poultry Farm/Animal Resources Department/ College of Agriculture / University of Basra and laboratories of Molecular Biology/ London/ United Kingdom (The Molecular Oncology Unit Laboratories of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital/ Kings College London/ UK). Molecular analysis of the samples and the detection of a number of gene expression of several feed transporter genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens when fed diets with different levels of energy and protein. A total of 225 unsexed one day old broiler chicks (Ross breed) were randomly distributed on five experimental treatments each with three replicates of 15 chicks. Feeding was ad libitum during the whole period of experiment that lasted 35 days.The first treatment was control with 22.3 and 20 % crude protein and 2910 and 3001 kcal/kg for starter and growth period respectively. The second treatment consisted 24.1 and 22 % crude protein and 2920 and 2978 kcal/kg for starter and growth period respectively. The third treatment consisted 20 and 18 % and 2898 and 2996 kcal/ kg for starter and growth period respectively. The fourth treatment consisted 21.9 and 20 % and 3107 and 3199 kcal/ kg for starter and growth period respectively. The fifth treatment consisted 22.2 and 20 % and 2720 and 2800 kcal/ kg for starter and growth period respectively. The results revealed the followings : - The study showed the ability to amplify all genes and find their abundance according to their primers. - The highest value of APN gene abundance of female in the duodenum (1.86 ng) fed diet with 22 % cp and 3199 kcal/kg ME. - Highest abundance (6.19 ng) of Pept1 mRNA showed by males in their jejunum, when fed a diet consisted 22 % cp and 3199 kcal/kg ME. - The greatest value of b - AT and CAT2 amino acids transporter genes effect was revealed by males fed diet with 22 % cp and 3001 kcal/kg ME. - Females fed 20 % cp and 3199 kcal/kg ME diets reordered highest SGLT1 gene expression (4.70ng) within their ileum. - Males fed 20 % cp and 3199 kcal/kg ME diets reordered highest GLUT5 gene expression (6.37 ng) within their ileum. - All genes associated positively and significantly with body weight, growth rate, carcass cuts percentages (legs, breast, intestine length and weight) at the age of 35 days and negatively with feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. - Amino acid and peptides transporter genes abundance improved with an increase in diet protein, that of saccharide transporter improves with the increase of ME level in the diets. - Male gave higher mRNA copies of most genes in comparison with females, except that of SGLT1 and NPA which increased in females. - It is possible to manipulate nutrient transporter gene expression by feeding. That may reflect on birds performance.

Author name: مهند منذر جواد الركابي

Supervisor name: اسماعيل حبيب اسماعيل | عبد الجبار عبد الحميد

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Livestock

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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تاثير الاحلال الجزئي والكلي للباقلاء العلفية المعاملة محل كسبة فول الصويا بالعليقة في الاداء الانتاجي للدجاج البياض == Effect of Partial And Complete Replacement of Soybean Meal By Treated Vicia Faba Bean In The Diet on Productive Performance of Layer Hens

Author name: هشام احمد صالح المشهداني

Supervisor name: محمد حسن عبد العباس

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Livestock

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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تاثير الموقع والموسم ووقت العرض في تراكم بعض المعادن الثقيلة والهيدروكاربونات النفطية والتلوث الميكروبي في لحوم الحيوانات المختلفة == The Effect of Location, Season And Display Time In Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals, Petroleum Hydrocarbons And Microbial Contamination In The Meat of Different Animals

Author name: احسان علي مهدي القباني

Supervisor name: اميرة محمد صالح الربيعي

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Livestock

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Author name: مثنـى احمد محمد طيـب

Supervisor name: صباح عبدو شمعون ملكي | علي عبد الغني الطالب

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Agriculture And Forestry

Language: Arabic

University location: Mosul

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دراسة فسلجية ونسيجية للقصور الدرقي المستحدث في الارانب المحلية (Lepus Cuniculua Domestica) == Physiological And Histological Study Of Induced Hypothyroidism in Domestic Rabbits Lepus cuniculua domestica

Author name: جاسم محمد احمد الكلبي

Supervisor name: طه جاسم الطه | عبد الرزاق نعيم خضير

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Livestock

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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