Author name:
ماجد مطر عباس
Supervisor name:
ليلى ياسين حسين الامير
Abstract:
The research is aimed at clarifying the role of university students in the elimination of the dictatorship in Iran, which represents the governing Pahlavi through layers of Iranian society assign the other, at all levels and levels. The inventory subject of the study 1941 - 1979 years, because it is an integrated point in time began the installation of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to the throne in Iran in 1941, where she was the students' movement at the beginning of its growth, has evolved and escalated during the mentioned period, and turned into an independent militant movement contributed significantly to the fall of Shah's regime in 1979. As we can see that the historical study of the students' movement in Iran that would enrich the researcher with information to assess the political situation experienced by Iran in its contemporary history, and the role played by the student elites in raising awareness among the masses, and take advantage of that experience to address and enlighten public opinion in the restoration of rights and freedoms.And it necessitated the nature of the study divided into an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion, with some supplements on the subject.The beginning of the research discusses the roots and the features of the students' movement formation, and the beginning of its growth during the reign of Reza Bahloa1926 - 1941, after the founding of the University of Tehran in 1934, as he returned back and studied the roots of the first and beginnings of the students' movement in Iran since the beginning of the nineteenth century coincided with the rule of the Qajar state, focusing on the cultural influence and political and education outside the country on the first groups of university students who went to study in Europe, especially in the mid - nineteenth century and who after their return floated modern beliefs in the field of education in Iran, by assigning them in higher education and educational institutions in universities and schools, and also worked on the deployment of reforms the political and social through the Constitutional Revolution of opened new doors to education within the country. It also showed how to Reza Shah Pahlavi, on the basis of modernization of education tried to eliminate religious and national elements and democracy, these things have been turned against the system so that some of those who have received their education abroad turned to parties such as the Tudeh Party and the National Front leaders. And discussed in the first chapter the role of the students' movement in Iran's internal politics 1941 - 1953, in developments in the political events since the entry of the Allied Powers to Iran during World War II, and topple the government of Reza Shah and left over from the results reflected in the deterioration of the situation on all levels, and the concomitant openness in the political atmosphere which was created by existing conditions, and what gave rise to the formation and the emergence of many political parties, and that students form a broad - based, including the Tudeh Party, who managed a short period of control, the atmosphere at the university at the time by being able to establish the first students' organization at Tehran University, as well as Iran rival party to the Tudeh Party in terms of student - Qaida capacity, also appeared for the first time in Iran, many organizations and student associations, including the Islamic Association Students at Tehran University, has become of those organizations a significant role, especially after the end of World War II in the leadership of the demonstrations and protests to advocate political issues that are in favor of the Iranian people, including the issue of the nationalization of the Iranian oil and supporting Mossadegh's government, especially after the establishment of the National Front and the formation of Tehran University student organization of the National Front for the students, as well as in the rest of the Iranian universities. While the second chapter discusses the students' movement and the worsening of the internal conflict in Aaran1953 - 1962, and significant changes that have occurred in the political, economic, social and cultural fields and even on Foreign Relations, after the fall of Mossadegh's government, and the responses of the students' action as a result of these conditions, where university students came out demonstrations in favor of the certified and the decision of nationalization and condemning the government of the coup, and the chapter also discusses the events of the sixth of December 1953, which was for the students of Tehran University a significant role in it, to immortalize Kyuma for the struggle of the Iranian students celebrated annually, and was a motive for comprehensive national renaissance where students objected on that day for the military interference in the affairs of the university and expressed their discontent about the shah's policies, to continue after the crackdown on the students to the end of 1956, and the establishment of the intelligence organ of the Shah's regime under SAVAK name, and devoted a large part of the work of this device to control university students, and work on the non - recurrence of the events that took place during the reign of Certified Government through repression and arrest the students, the chapter also discussed the policy of reform of the Shah and the position of the students assigned to them, as well as the incident of the twentieth of January 1962, and the resulting from the violation of the sanctity of the university by the security forces for the second time.Whereas Chapter III, entitled, the student movement and style armed struggle 1963 - 1979, discussed the study of the most important organizations and students' parties, which have had a significant role at the time in the armed struggle, especially students' organizations that have emerged in this area, including the mujahideen of Iranian people and Fedayeen Organization of the Iranian people, and the chapter dicussed the important political events, including the decision of Khomeini's exiled and its consequences that stepped up events which led to a wave of demonstrations, the most prominent was the fifth day of July 1963, which was known among the researchers uprising (the fifteenth of Khordad), to go beyond the students' opposition in earnest to armed resistance and seeking only overthrowing the regime.Whereas the conclusion covered the main results reached by the researcher for the events covered by the study
