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انتاج نشا مقاوم واستخدامه في التغليف الدقيق للبكتريا العلاجية == production of resistant starch used in Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria

Author name: هديل ناظم مراد
Supervisor name: نوفل عبد الامير حسين الحلفي | الاء غازي الهاشمي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The chemical composition was estimated for potatoes, sorghum and rice, and was noticed the difference in the chemical composition significantly for this sources. Increasing of moisture as compared with potatoes and rice which reached 76.3% , and sorghum significantly with high proportion of protein, fat and ash (13.80, 2.5 and 1.70)% respectively. The highest proportion of carbohydrate was found in rice as it reached 80.43% .Starch was extracted by the moist method and the chemical composition of starch was studied. The plant sources differed in chemical content, and was observed increasing in moisture significantly for potato starch (12.2%) as compared with sorghum and rice starch, while the superior content of the rice starch was in protein, fat and carbohydrates (1.45 and 0.33 and 90.87)% respectively, and the highest of ash was found in sorghum starch 0.52%.Then the extracted starch was modified from its primary sources physically by the moist thermal treatment and chemically by cross linkages. The physical characteristics of modified starch were studied, and the results were as the following : ● Each of the natural and modified starch from various sources in the physical properties, it was observed increasing in the solubility of the natural starch granules of potatoes, sorghum and rice from the modified starch granules. The solubility was increased gradually by increasing of the temperature, the highest solubility was found in the natural starch granules (6.2, 7.4 and 6.35) % respectively at temperature of 90 ̊C , and (6.14,6.87 and 6.13)% respectively in the modified starch granules by moist thermal method, and (5.4, 5.28 and 5.99)% respectively in the modified starch granules by cross linkages, while inceasing in the swelling of the natural starch granules to each of potatoes, sorghum and rice starch as compared with the modified starch granules and inceasing the swelling gradually by increasing the temperature. The highest swelling was found in the natural starch granules (10.35, 10.18 and 10.17) gram/gram respectively at temperature of 90 ̊C , while for modified starch samples by moist thermal method which reached (9.25, 9.22 and 9) gram/gram respectively and samples of the starch modified by cross linkages reached (8.97, 8.98 and 8.55) gram/gram respectively.●The percentage the percentage of phosphorus in the natural starch extracted from its primary sources was significantly at (P≤ 0.05) with the modified starch varied chemically by cross linkages as the superiority of the modified potato starch with highest which reached 0.39% .Active groups of chemically modified starch molecules have been identified diagnosed by FT - IR apparatus, as the presence of a band at wave length (998.411 ,99864 and 1020.64) cm - 1 respectively, which belongs to the elasticity vibrating for the bound C - O - P .The procedure of the Microencapsulation packaging for L.plantarum, L.caise and L.acidophilus was done by three different mixtures with concentrations ranged between (1 - 3)% each of sodium alginate, natural and resistant starch both individually, and found that the best mixture was when used a combination of sodium alginate and resistant starch at concentration 2% for each (mixture A), and used the starters Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus in the manufacture of the yoghurt and mixed with the starter of yoghurt, examined the change in the pH and titrating acidity for yoghurt product during different periods of storage at temperature of 4 ̊C and study the change in the logarithm of the live numbers during the storage period extended for 28 days.The effect of the packaging process on the survival, Bacteria was studied and the results were as showed the following : ●It was found that the resistance of coated bacteria using a combination of sodium alginate and starch resistant with concentration of 2% for each of them was the best of free bacteria resistance when exposed to low acidic conditions which reached 2.5, 2 and 1.5 , and particularly at the third hour of incubation as a percentage decline in live numbers logarithm / ml 34.76, 39.61 and 44.83% respectively, to L.plantarum bacteria and 36.25, 41.89 and 46.86% respectively, to L.caise bacteria and 35.35 , 41.84 and 45.78%, respectively, to L.acidophilus bacteria. As well as observed that the resistance of bacteria coated to different concentration of the yellow salts reached 0.1 , 0.2 and 0.3% was higher than the resistance of free bacteria after three hours of incubation as a percentage decline in live numbers logarithm / ml 2.54, 3.34 and 4.19% respectively to L.plantarum bacteria , and 2.87 ,3.78 and 4.60% respectively to L.caise bacteria , and 2.93,3.97 and 4.77% respectively to L.acidophilus bacteria .● coated bacteria showed better resistance during the process of freezdrying compared with free bacteria as a percentage decline in live numbers logarithm / ml 2.24, 3.01 and 4.16% respectively to L.plantarum bacteria , and 2.09, 3.34 and 4.47% respectively to L.caise bacteria , and 2.19,3.29 and 4.58% respectively to L.acidophilus bacteria .

دراسة التغيرات الكيميائية والميكروبية لجبن المونتيري المضاف اليه المعزز الحيوي == Study of chemical and microbial changes of Probiotic monterey cheese

Author name: هدى محمد عبد محمد السراي
Supervisor name: سرمد غازي محمد | حيدر ابراهيم علي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Probiotics bacteria[[ which[ including Lactobacillus acidophilus ,Bifidobacterium longum were added (1011 cfu/ml) during Monterey cheese manufacturing after the reactivation and the results obtained were : 1 - Decreasing of moisture content for Monterey cheese manufactured by adding the mixed starter Probiotic after 42 days of ripening, reaching )38.96(% comparing with the other samples. 2 - Increasing of protein ratio while using the mixed starter in manufacturing of Monterey cheese comparing with control Monterey cheese and Monterey cheese manufactured by adding the single starter, reaching after 42 days of ripening to (23.41, 23.78 and 23.6 ( 4 % respectively, as well as increasing of soluble nitrogen ratio in Monterey cheese manufactured by adding the mixed starter comparing with the other cheeses during the progress of ripening period to reach )0.875( after 42 days. 3 - Fat ratio increased in cheese samples, the higher increase was at the end of ripening period after 42 days in Monterey cheeses manufactured by adding mixed starter reaching )30.45(% after comparing with )31.20 and 31.03(% for control and single starter manufactured cheeses respectively. 4 - Salt ratio of Monterey cheese manufactured by adding mixed starter was )1.55( after 42 days of ripening comparing with control cheese and Monterey cheeses manufactured by adding the single starter which were )1.45 and 1.53( respectively.5 - Increasing of ash ratio for Monterey cheese manufactured by adding mixed starter reaching after 42 days of ripening (4.27)% comparing with control cheese and Monterey cheese manufactured by adding the single starter which were (4.16 and 4.20) % respectively. 6 - Decreasing of the pH for the three Monterey cheese samples, the maximum decrease after 42 days of ripening was (5.20) when adding mixed starter, while for the control and single starter Monterey chesses the pH was (5.62 and 5.42) respectively. We notice increasing the titratable acidity of Monterey cheese manufactured by adding mixed starter reaching (0.92) comparing with control and single starter Monterey cheeses which reached (0.54 and 0.72) respectively after 42 days of ripening. 7 - Increasing the numbers of proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria in the progress of ripening period until 28 days then started to reduce for all cheese samples. 8 - Increasing the numbers of total bacteria for cheese samples during ripening period until 28 days then started to reduce tow logarithmic cycle during manufacturing period. 9 - The result of electrophoresis showed that the average of not proteolyses for cheese manufacture using mixed starter was higher compared to others. 10 - Monterey cheeses manufactured by adding mixed starter was best than control and single starter Monterey cheeses when conducting the organoleptic evaluation, especially for flavor

تاثير التلقيح ببعض الفطريات المعزولة من الترب الزراعية في المعالجة الحيوية للترب الملوثة بالمخلفات النفطية في محافظة البصرة == Effect of inoculation by some fungi isolated from agricultural soils in the bioremediation of contaminated soils with oil waste in Basrah

Author name: هدى حاكم سعدون الاسدي
Supervisor name: ميعاد مهدي الجابري
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: For the purpose of identifying the efficiency of inoculation different genus of fungi isolated from agricultural areas in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon nearby regions from some the oil fields in the province of Basrah, southern Iraq, and the impact on plant growth as has been selected sites west of Qurna fields and North Rumaila fields, mixed with non - contaminated soil from the same areas at rates of 100% and 75% and 50% to reduce the pollution of oil hydrocarbons ratio.Isolation and purification of two species from fungus Aspergillus (A. niger and A. versicolor), Trichoderma viride and Penicillium citrinum from Five of agricultural areas (Shatt Al - Arab, Garma Ali, Al - Zubair, Al - deer and Abu Al - khaseeb) and studied the possibility of its adaptation and its growth in nutritional media contaminated with the quality of the two regions of oil each separately and inoculated the soil treatments that represent percentages above and inoculated at a temperature of 25 ᵒC to study the total numbers of bacteria and fungi and CO2 amount from Activity microbial in soil and estimated the amount of hydrocarbons broken by the inoculation process fungal soil every 10 days for 60 days of incubation.Agricultural experiment carried out by tested the most efficient of the two fungi in degraded hydrocarbons for each soil and for each contamination level in addition the treatment of a mixture of the most efficient of the two fungi and control treatment (without pollination), left after the treatments for two months with maintaining the humidity at around 75% of field capacity in a way to compensate the weight loss and planted them maize seeds Zea mays L. class Bhooth 106 and after 45 days of germination was estimated proportion of hydrocarbons broken and some parameter of plant growth as a rate of plant length, dry weight of the shoot and the quantity N, P and K absorbed in plant. Were obtained the following results : 1. increase the number of the total fungi and bacteria with time in soils inoculated with isolated fungi to Limit 60 days compared to the control treatment in which the increase lasted only 40 days in the pollution levels of 75% and 100%, while the increase continued to 60 days at the level of 50% of all pollination treatments, including the control treatment.2. increase the amount of CO2 liberated from Bioactivity with time in soil inoculated fungal treatment compared with control treatment and fungal isolates varied in their efficiency to stimulate biological activity, and mitigate pollution of soils to the extent of 50% contributed to the increase in the vital activity of soils represented an increase of the amount of the liberated CO2 .3. inoculation contaminated soils fungal isolates led to increase petroleum hydrocarbon ratio analysis with time and varied fungal isolates in their ability to biodegraded hydrocarbon wholly followed the following sequence : Aspergillus niger > Penicillium citrinum > Trichoderma - viride > Aspergillus versicolor in the soil of North Rumaila and sequence : Penicillium citrinum < Trichoderma viride < Aspergillus niger <Aspergillus versicolor in soils west of Qurna fields and gave the pollution level 50% higher analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon ratio compared to levels of 75% and 100%.4. Inoculate all levels of contamination by fungal isolates most efficient led to increasing lengths and dry weight of the plant maize and increase the quantity absorbed N, P and K by the plant and were observed increase in the proportion of hydrocarbons degraded at the end of the agricultural experiment.5. Soil North Rumaila showed a response to the inoculation of fungi in all levels of contamination of soil over Western Qurna fields in terms of the total numbers of fungi and bacteria and amount of the liberated CO2 and hydrocarbon ratio degradation as well as an increase in parameters of all the maize plant growth.6. The fungus Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma viride Showed more efficient in increasing the activity and bioremediation in soil Western Qurna fields, while the fungus Aspergillus niger is the most efficient in the soil of the North Rumaila

تاثير التسميد الفوسفاتي والعضوي في صور فسفور التربة وعلاقتها بجاهزية لمحصول الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L في بعض الترب الكلسية == Effect of Phosphate and Organic Fertilization on Soil Phosphorus Forms and its Relationships With its Availability to Corn Crop (Zea mays L.) in Some Calcareous Soils

Author name: هبة كلف رزاق القريشي
Supervisor name: هيفاء جاسم حسين التميمي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: For the purpose of phosphorus forms Knowledge in Basra Province Soils, and effect of phosphate Fertilization with Concentrated Super phosphate and Organic Fertilization with cow manure on Phosphorus Forms ,the study was carried out with in three sectors : - First : Field study : Soil samples were taken from tweleven location in Basra province, 1/Gurna,2/Medayna,3/Diar,4/Hartha,5/Garmat Ali,6/Garmat Ali - Basra University,7/Brahdia,8/Tanoma,9/Abul - Khaseeb - Hamdan,10/ Abul - Khaseeb - Center,11 /Seeba ,and 12/ Fao. Soil properties wer determined and different forms of soil phosphorus were extracted Which were soluble phosphorus ,phosphorus associated with Calcium (Ca - P),Phosphorus associated with aluminium (Al - P) ,Phosphorus associated with iron (Fe - P), available phosphate (Av - P), Mineral phosphate(M - P) ,organic phosphate (O - P), residual phosphate (R - P), and total phosphate (T - P) .Second : Effect of phosphate and organic Fertilization on phosphorus forms : - Laboratory experiment was conducted by using two levels of phosphate fertilizer (0,0.65gmPkg - 1 soil) as concentrated super phosphate and two levels of cow manure (0,2.5%) for all studied soils. Soils wer inculcated at 30ºc for one month . Soil phosphorus forms were extracted and determined .Third : Effect of phosphorus forms on Maize growth parameters : - Biological experiment was conducted by using maize crop (Zea mays L.) according to factorial experiment with complete design including the following factors [soil*(phosphate fertilizer, cowmanure, * phosphate fertilizer cowmanure with control) *replicates](10*2*2*3) summing to 120 experimental units, after exclusion Seeba and Fao soils because of their high Salinity .Two levels of phosphate fertilizer were used (0,100kg P ha - 1) as concentrated super phosphate , and two levels of organic fertilizer (0,30ton ha - 1)as cow manure mixing with Soils. Nitrogen was added at rate of 320 kg N ha - 1 as urea with two doses For all soils , first dose at planting (15/3/2015) mixing with soil and the second dose after one month of planting with irrigation water .Potassium was added with rate of 120kg K ha - 1 as potassium sulfate mixing with soils at planting .Plants were harvested after 60 days and shoots were dried at 65ºc inIIoven and dry matter was recorded. Dry Shoots were digested and phosphorus concentration was determined , and phosphorus uptake was Calculated.The results of the study showed the following : - 1 - Soluble phosphorus concentration values ranged between (0.27 to 1.85) mg L - 1 with a mean value of 0.99 mg L - 1, phosphorus associated with Calcium between (104.40 to 226.10) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 169.16 mg kg - 1 , phosphorus associated with aluminium between (0.42 to 0.99) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 0.70 mg kg - 1 , phosphorus associated with iron between (0.09 to 0.76) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 0.38 mg kg - 1 , Available phosphorus between (10.10 to 25.65) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 18.11 mg kg - 1 , mineral phosphorus between (139.57 to 250.40 ) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 198.27 mg kg - 1 ,organic phosphorus between (50.12 to 89.70)mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 77.62 mg kg - 1 , residual phosphorus between (6.00 to 12.00)mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 8.91 mg kg - 1 and total phosphorus between (229.27 to 306.88) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 275.88 mg kg - 1 .2 - Result of simple correlation coefficient (r) Showed that soil salinity had significant effect in phosphorus associated with Calcium (r=0.589*), and negative correlation with available phosphorus (r= - 0.641*). Calcium Carbonate content had a high significant effect on phosphorus associated with Calcium (r=0.992**), mineral phosphorus (r=0.899**), and total phosphorus (r=0.880**),and high negative correlation with available phosphorus (r= - 0.965++) and organic phosphorus (r= - 0.774++) . Organic matter had a significant effect on available phosphorus (r= 0.837++) , organic phosphorus (r=0.924++) , and total phosphorus (r=0.773++) , and negative significant effect with phosphorus associated with calcium (r= - 0.887++) , and mineral phosphorus (r= - 0.895++) . Soil pH ,CEC , Sand , Silt , and clay showed no significant effects on Soil phosphorus forms.3 - Laboratory experiment results showed that soils and fertilizing treatments (phosphoric , organic , and their interactions) had significant effect on phosphorus forms in studied soil . Effect of fertilizing treatments was followed the following : - Phosphate and organic fertilization > organic fertilization > phosphate fertilization .III4 - Soil and fertilizing treatments (phosphoric, organic, and their interactions) had significant effect on dry matter of shoot of corn crop, phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake. Fertilizing treatments were taken the same manor in increasing of dry matter , phosphorus con centration, and phosphorus uptake as following : - Phosphate and organic fertilization > organic fertilization > phosphate fertilizationphosphorus uptake was taken the following arrangement in the studied soils : - Diar > Medayna > Brahdia > Tanoma > Hartha > Gurna > Garmat Ali - Basra University > Abul - Khaseeb - Hamdan > Abul - Khaseeb - center> Garmat Ali.5 - Result of statistical analysis of simple correlation coefficient (r)showed that phosphorus forms had no significant effect on dry matter of corn shoot and phosphorus concentration ,While phosphorus uptake gave high significant correlation with available phosphorus (r=0.959**) and organic phosphorus (r=0.954**).

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية للحشراث القشرية Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Coccoidea مع الاشارة الى بعض مفترساتها في محافظة البصرة == TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF SCALE INSECTS ( HEMIPTERA : STERNORRHYNCHA : COCCOIDEA ) WITH REFERENCE TO SOME PREDATORS IN BASRAH PROVINCE

Author name: هاشم مهاوي طعمة العبادي
Supervisor name: علاء صبيح جبار | اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A taxonomic and ecological study to scale insects was conducted with reference to predatory efficiency for four types of predators in the eight areas in Basra province it is( AL - Mdayna , AL - Hoer , Al - Qurna , AL - Deer , AL - Hartha , AL - Garma , Shat AL - Arab , Abu AL - Khseb ) during the period from October 2014 to September 2015 and show that there is a five types of scale insects belong to three families : Order : Hemiptera Suborder : Sternorrhyncha Superfamily : Coccoidea 1 - Family : Diaspididae Genus : Parlatoria Parlatoria blanchardi white scale insect on the palm Parlatoria crypta brown scale insect on the oleander Genus : Duplachionaspis Duplachionaspis graminella scale insect on the reeds Family : Phoenicococcidae - 2Pheonicococcus marlatti red scale insect on the palmFamily : Asterolecaniidae - 3Palmaspis Phoenicis green scale insect on the Palm Taxonomic study showed that there is difference diagnostic a clear between the species , genus and families found during the survey . The results pointed clearly of ecological study that the types of scale insects are located throughout the year on their hosts plant in Basra province .The highest density of numerical insects was recorded in month of June and it reached about 300.0 adult and 93.6 nymph per inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Madayna area of scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi and 91.6 adult /inch2 , 25.0 nymph/inch2on variety khathraoe in the AL - Qurna area of scale insectbPalmaspis phoenicis , 11.6 adult/leaf , 6.0 nymph /leaf on Oleander plant in the Al - Qurna area of scale insect Parltoria crypta , 63.0 adult /inch2 , 5.3 nymph/inch2 on reed plant in November in the Al - Mdayna area of scale insect Duplachionaspis graminella . The less intensity of numerical insect recorded in February .It was 130.3adult/inch2 and 20.3 nymph /inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Mdayna area of scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi , 42.6 adult /inch2 , 6.6 nymph/inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Qurna area at scale insect Palmaspis phoenicis , 5.3 adult /leaf , 0.0 nymph /leaf on Oleander plant in the Al - Qurna , 26.6 adult /inch2 and 0.3 nymph /inch2 on reed plant in Al - Mdayna area . The study was in clued the efficiency of predatorys as following : Coccinella septempunctata which appeared during the months March , April , May and June. Pharoscymnus setulosus and Cybocephalus rufifrons which appeared during the months May, June , Jule , August , September, October and November . The predatory efficiency of first predator was 16.6 insect/day ,to the second 16.0 insect /day and the third 13.0 insect /day on white scale insect then , 17.3 , 17.0 and 13.3 insect /day respectively on green scale insect . And the predatory efficiency to Tenebrio molitor was 3.3 insect /day on red scale insect .

اختبار التاثير التثبيطي لبروتين المناعة IgG لحليب الابل ضد السم العصبي A المفصول من عزنة محلية لبكتريا Clostridium botulinum == Testing the inhibitory effect of immunoglobulin IgG for camel?s milk against the neurotoxin type A separated from a local Isolate of Clostridium botulinum

Author name: نورس محمد حسن عبد الصمد التميمي
Supervisor name: امال كاظم غضبان الاسدي | حيدر ابراهيم علي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Sixteen local isolates of Clostridium were isolated from sources : soil , meat and honey .Those sources were obtained from different districte in Basrah government.Characterization of isolates were made after purification by using morphological and biochemical tests which revealed that the isolates were Clostridium botulinum.The microscopic test appeared that all isolates are bacilli Gram positive, obligate , anaerobic ,forming spores and motile. There are colonies had wide spread form with ir regular border when grown of blood agar and egg yolk agar and looked transparent to gray. The biochemical tests revealed that the isolates are β - heamolysis, lipid hydrolyzed, produced H2S, most of them were negative in indole production, nitrate reduction, starch hydrolysis and catalase production. They were grown in pH(4 - 6),temperature(10,30,42) °C and NaCl (4 - 10)% . They not fermented lactose, galactose, amygdalin, Ribose, Inositol, Manose, Melibiose, Sorbitol, Salcin, Rafinose, Xaylose and Rhamnose. But they were fermentated Glucose, Maltose and Cellubiose. They were sensitive for some antibiotics like Erethromycin, Refampin, Metronidazol, Clindamicin, Tetracyclin, Penicillin and Chloramphnichol , but they were resistant for Gentamycin , Nalidixic acid and Trimethoprim.Used for Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the bacterial isolates by extraction of DNA and electrophoresis by using agarose, seven isolates of Clostridium botulinum were elected because they appeared difine band of DNA. After that the gene wich responsible on neurotoxin A was detacted by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis using agarose, the isolate Cl.5 of Clostridium botulinum wich was isolated from the soil of Agriculture College field, was elected because of its clear band which was (101) bp with the band of the primer of the gene of neurotoxin A.Neurotoxin A was produced by the isolate Cl.5 using the inoculums medum : (casein hydrolysis, yeast extract, glucose ,dis. water) and production medium; (casein hydrolysis, yeast extract, dis. water) with cold glucose solution 10% and using anaerobic conditions with 37°C for 4 days. The protein of extracted neurotoxin was (0.14 - 0.93) , then the extract was precipitated by ammonium sulphate %60 and the protein was (0.18 - 0.22) ,finally the neurotoxin was purified by ion exchange using DEAE Sephadex A - 50 only one protein peak wasappeared in the void volume , the protein was(0.27) . The activity of the three samples of neurotoxin A the crude ,precipitated and purified was assayed by bioassay using mouse , all the samples revaled high activity by appearing of of intoxication then death . But the purified neurotoxin appeared the highest activity because the mouse died after 3 hr . while the precipitated toxin after 8 hr using and after 10 hr using the crud toxin Stadying minimal leathal dose (MLD) by using concentrations of purified toxin , the concentration 0.1 revealed minimal activity because the mouse died after 3.41 hr .Finally the inhibitory effect of immunoglobulins of camel milk against neurotoxin A was studied by using passive haemagglotination and bioassay , immunoglobulin had agreat activity to inhibite the neurotoxin A.

دراسة تاثير المخلفات النباتية والحيوانية والفطر الاحيائي Trichoderma viride في مكافحة مرض تعفن جذور الباميا المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina == A study of effect of plant and animal residues and the bioagent Trichoderma viride in controlling okra root rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

Author name: نور مهدي صالح المالكي
Supervisor name: ضياء سالم علي الوائلي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed to use plant and animal residues and bioagent Trichoderma viride against pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina which caused okra root rot disease in pots and field and to detect the active compounds in okra leaves by GCMS technique.Three pathogenic fungi were isolated from infected plants, they were M.phaseolina , Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani .The fungus M.phaseolina gave the highest percentage of occurance and freguencywhich were 55 and 66.67% .The pathogenicity test showed that M.phaseolina led to decrease germination pereen and increase damping - off up to 20 and 26.67% respectively, compared to control treatment which was 80 and 0% respectively.The results explained that the animal manure (F) , rice (R) and wheat (w) led to increase the germination percent up to 66.67% , 60 and 53.3% respectively compared to control treatment which was 40% , the fresh weight also increased in the same treatments up to 1.36 , 1.25 and 1.28 gm respectively compared to control which was 0.64 gm .It was founed the less infection intensity with M.phaseolina in pots was noticed in the treatment RTv (bioagent +rice) and FTv (bioagent+animal manure), it was 0% compared to control treatment which was 90%, which the highest shoot weight and plant height were noticed in the treatment FTv which were 6.22 gm and 32.03 cmrespectively compared to control which were 1.33 gm and 22.55 cm. The field experiment results revealed that the less infection intensity was observed in the treatment FTv which was 0% compared to control which was 62.22% .The treatment RTv gave a high shoot weight which was 156.11 gm compared to control which was 46.39 gm, while the high plant height was obsrved in the treatments RTv and FTv which were 73.9 and 71.98 gm respectively compared to control which was 40.33 gm. It was also founed that the high plant production was noticed in the treatment RTv and FTv which were 64.53 and 63.10 gm respectively compared to contorl which was 1.44 gm.From the other hand ,the total chlorophyl was noticed in the treatment RTv ,R,FTv,wTv and F which were 1728,224 ,1629.96,1454.442,1377.884 and 1281.168 mgm/100gm fresh weight respectively compared to 359.9 mgm/100gm fresh weight. The results of phenotic compouneds detection in the plant leaves by using GCMS technique revealed a presence of some compouneds such as Pentanol, 1,2,4 Triazole and Cyclohexanol with the treatments RTv,FTv and wTv ,these compouneds were not been recorded in the other treatments.

تاثير نظم الحراثة في نمو وحاصل الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L المزروعة بطريقتي المروز والسطور . == Effect of Tillage system on the growth and production of corn (Zea mays L. ) that cultivation by ridge and seed drilling

Author name: نور صالح عبد الجليل حسون الحميداوي
Supervisor name: شاكر حنتوش عداي | وليد عبد الرضا جبيل
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: field experiments was conducted in Almdiana district in autumn season 2014 - 2015 in ALmalha Irrigation project , to study effect the tillage system in the growth and yield of ( Zea mays L. ) that cultivated by ridge and seed drilling .The tillage system represent the main plots while the planting methods represent the sub - plots .The tillage system includes four plows namely, subsoiler , combined subsoiler , moldboard plow , harrowing chisel and zero tillage. The methods of planting include idge and seed drilling , The results were analyzed using complete randomize design within split - plots.The results showed that the tillage and planting methods them significantly effected on soil physical properties ( soil bulk density , penetration resistance , Ec and pH ) but the interaction was not significant .The highest soil bulk density was recorded for zero tillage and for the three periods of sample collection . the values of the soil bulk densities are 1.399 Mg.m - 3 while the lowest values were record for the combined subsoiler plow , the values are 1.254 Mg.m - 3 . For the other tillage being medium the values for the subsoiler plow are 1.346 Mg.m - 3 , they are harrowing chisel 1.336 Mg.m - 3, and moldboard plow are 1.316 Mg.m - 3 .For soil penetration resistance, the results showed that the combined subsoiler surpassed the other tillage in reducing soil penetration resistance , the values are 360.370 KN/m2 for the three periods respectively . while zero tillage treatment gave the highest values which they are 502.407 KN/m2 for the three periods respectively .The combined subsoiler plow also surpassed the other plow types in reducing Ec and pH . the lowest values were recorded for combined subsoiler , while the heights values were recorded for zero tillage.The results also showed that the tillage and planting methods significantly Effected the plant growth and production parameters , while the interaction was not significant in its effect on the studied parameters. The combined subsoiler surpassed the other plowing methods in all plant parameters studied which they are plant height , leaf area , ear length , number of ears per plant , seed production , biological production , number of seeds per row

تاثير الرش بحامض الجبرليك وكلوريد الكالسيوم في الحاصل والصفات النوعية والقابلية الخزنية لثمار السدر صنف تفاحي Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi == Effect of Sprying Gibberellic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Yield, Qualitative Characteristics and Storage Ability of Jujube Fruits Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi

Author name: نضال ريسان حريز سحالة
Supervisor name: ضياء احمد طعين | ماجد عبد الحميد ابراهيم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted on 12 - years old jujube trees "Ziziphus mauritiana Lam." , cv. Tufahi which were grown in a private orchard situated at AL - Sedea District , Basrah Governorate during the growing season 2013 - 2014. The aim of the study will to investigate effects of spraying gibberellic acid at the concentrations of 25 mg/l , 50 mg/l and calcium chloride at the concentrations of 1% , 2% and their combinations on yield and some vegetative , physical , chemical , physiological characteristics and the storage ability of fruits.Results could be summarized as follow : - A - Field experiment1. The results of study showed significant effect of spraying gibberellic acid on all the studied parameters with the treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid recording the highest significant increase in leaf area , leaf water content ,leaf fresh and dry weights, total carbohydrates and the length , diameter , fresh weight , volume of fruits in addition to the water content, sucrose of fruits and the amount of yield.2. Treatment of 2% calcium chloride gave the highest significant increase in vitamin C concentration, total carbohydrates of leaf and calcium and chloride concentrations in fruit.3. Control treatment recorded the highest significant increase in dry mater , total soluble solids , total and reducing sugars, respiration rate and invertase and cellulase activities and carotene concentration in fruit skin .4. The period after full bloom factor had a significant effect on the studied vegetative parameters with the period of 10/2/2014 recording the highest significant increase in fresh weight of leaf, leaf area, carbohydrates content.The period of 10/12/2013 had a significant increase in water content per leaf.5. The combination treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and the period of 10/2/2014 recording the highest significant increase in leaf area and leaf water content. The combination treatment of 2% calcium chloride and the period of 10/2/2014 was superior in carbohydrates content while the combination treatment of untreated fruits and the period of 3/2/2014 gave the highest activity of cellulase.B - storage experiment1. Controle treatment recorded the the highest significant increase in total soluble solids , total and reducing sugars , loss in weghit of fruits , the percentage of ripening progress and it was the highest deteriorated treatment.2. Treatment of 2% calcium chloride gave the lowest significant increase in Physiological disorders, fungal decay and loss inweight of fruits.while fruit treated with 50 mg/l gibberellic acid retained the highest percentage of water content.3. The combination treatment of untreated fruits and storage period gave the highest significant increase in the percentage of physiological disorders and fungal decay, loss in weghit of fruits , the percentage of ripening progress and the lowest percentage of water

دراسة محتوى الاحماض الدهنية في زيوت بعض الاسماك في بيئتين مختلفتين في مدينة البصرة، العراق == Study of Fatty acid content in oils for some fishes from different environments in Basrah, Iraq

Author name: ندى رافد عثمان
Supervisor name: امجد كاظم رسن | ضياء فالح الفكيكي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology - Fish And Marine Wealth
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Fish And Marine Wealth
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted during the period from October 2013 until September 2014 to estimate the fatty acids for three types of marine fish Acanthopagrus arabicus, Chelon subviridis and Cynoglossus arel also three types of river fish, Leuciscu svorax, Coptodon zillii and Carassius auratus.The results analyzed statistically using statistical program SPSS and using the complete randomized design CRD with three replicates and studied factors tested using the rate least significant difference test R.L.S.D at the level of probability (0.05) where indicated the results of statistical analysis that the presence of difference (P <0.05) in fat content between the species studied except A. arabicus with C. subviridis and A. arabicus with L. svorax and C. subviridis with L. svorax and C. arel with C. zillii as there are no significant differences (P <0.05), the highest percentage of fat in A. arabicus for spring (4.23%) while the lowest rate in C. arel for summer (1.75%), while the humidity was between statistical analysis to the absence of significant differences (P> 0.05) between the fish species except L. svorax with the rest of the species, where they found significant differences (P <0.05) between them, with the highest percentage of moisture in C. arel in summer as it stood at 79.14% and the lowest percentage of moisture in A. arabicus in spring (70.8%), as the results indicated an inverse relationship between humidity and fat by the differences of the seasons and for the most of the species studied. Characterized C. arel for autumn by higher contents of ash (8.1%) and achieved significant differences(P<0.05) between the species except C. subviridis with C. zillii and C. auratus with L. svorax as there were no significant differences (P> 0.05), while the lowest percentage was in L. svorax for winter (1.24%), while, the results of protein content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) except L. svorax with A. arabicus, C. subviridis and C.Barel, C. auratus and C. zillii, as well as C. arel and C. zillii, because there were no significant differences among them, A. arabicus achieved the highest value in spring (20.12%) and the lowest rate it was for C. arel in summer (14.18%).The oil extracted by organic solvent, and the fatty acids estimated using the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (calculated on the total amount of the fatty acids), the content and the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) during winter, spring, summer and autumn 25 - 45%, 23 - 40%, 15 - 45%, 40 - 30% respectively, and the proportion of unilateral unsaturated fatty acids double bond MUSA 40 - 15%, 40 - 22%, 18 - 45% and 46 - 27%, respectively, and the proportion of fatty acids multi - unsaturated double bond 35 - 10%, 45 - 13%,17 - 44% and 42 - 20%, respectively .the palmitic acid C16 : 0 occupied the highest proportion among the fatty acids during the seasons of the year except autumn, where was the palmitoleic acid the highest one among the acids.The uncommon fatty acids studied also during the four seasons and8 - Octadecenoic acid has won the highest one among all the fatty acids in the seasons except winter, which saw Heptadecanoic acid has the highest rate.The types of omega - 3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6 n - 3) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5 n - 3) examined also for the studied fish types during the four seasons where the proportion of EPA high in winter (68.73%), followed by summer as it was 50.59%, while the second type of omega - 3 DHA was the rate of increase convergent during the four seasons, which saw summer the highest rate (49.27%) and the lowest rate was in autumn (40.15%).

عزل وتشخيص البكتريا المرافقة لبعض الاصابات المرضية في بعض الاسماك في محافظة البصرة، العراق == Isolation and diagnosis of bacteria associated with some disease infections in some fishes in Basrah Governorate, Iraq

Author name: نادية علي حسين الشمري
Supervisor name: نجم رجب خمیس | اسعد محمد رضا الطائي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology - Fish And Marine Wealth
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Fish And Marine Wealth
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study was to isolate and identifying the pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria from infected fish, healthy fish and water. One hundred andfifty three healthy and infected fish were collected during the period from October2015 till April 2016, which included seven species viz. : (6) Acanthopogrusarabicus Iwatsuki, 2013; (65) Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; (14) Coptodon zillii(Gervais, 1848); (15) Hypophthalmichys molitrix (Val., 1844); (23) Planilizasubviridis (Val., 1836); (15) Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758) and (15) Poecilialatipinna (Lesueur, 1821).The samples of water and fishes were collected from seven different stations inBasrah governorate as, Hartha station (Floating cages), Al - Mashab river station,Basrah University station (Terrestrial ponds), Al - Seeba station (Terrestrial ponds),Al - Marbad station (Concrete ponds), Mehaijran station (Terrestrial ponds) andShatt Al - Basrah canal.The environmental properties of water have studied such as pH, the lower valuewas 6.9 in Al - Mashab river station, while the maximum was 8.4 in Al - Seebastation, meanwhile the maximum average was 7.8 in the Shatt Al - Basrah canal. For salinity the range was recorded from 1.5 ppt at Al - Mashab river station and 45.6 ppt at Shatt Al - Basrah canal. Otherwise the maximum value was 35.2 ppt in the same station.The values of temperature were fluctuated from 12 ᵒC in Al - Marbad station to 31.2 ᵒC in the Shatt Al - Basrah canal.The results of the present study appeared that, the fish was infected with different diseases, including : Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus, Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Bacterial Gill disease, Fin rot, Vibriosis, Dropsy, red mouth and Pox disease.The bacteria were identified in the present study using Vitek II system, API kits and biochemical tests. The accurate identification of Vitek II was between 85 - 99% for most bacterial genera, while failing to identify the species of Vibrio.Many bacterial species were identified from infected fish, from Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus disease, five species were identified as Staphylococcus lentus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae and Burkholderia pseudomallei. From Vibrosis disease, seven species were identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. costicola, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From Dropsy disease only one species was identified as Raoultella ornithinolytica. From red mouth disease, three species were identified as Enterobacter cloacae complex, Shigella group and V. cholerae. From Fin rot disease, two species were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and Aer. sobria. From Diplostomatosis, also two species were identified as V. diazotrophicus and Aer. hydrophila, while from Pox disease, only two species were identified as V. furnissii and Globicatella sanguinis. Finally from Ascocotyle only E. coli was identified.On the other hand, the bacteria were isolated from the water of studying stations and identified as : Staph. lentus, Aer. hydrophila, R. ornithinolytica, V. Alginolyticus, V. furnissii, E.coli, V. costicola , V. gazogenes , B. pseudomallei, V. cholerae , Ent. cloacae¤Aer.sobria, K. pneumniae pneumniae, G. sanguins, E. areogenes, P. aeruginosa.Meanwhile, the bacteria also isolated from healthy fishes and identified as : Aer.hydrophila, E. coli, V. alginolylius, B. pseudomallei, V. gazogenes, P. aeruginosa,Ent. cloacae, K. pneumniae pneumniae and Proteus vulgaris.

انتاج اغشية قابلة للاكل من بروتينات فول الصويا المركز ولبيدات الذرة البيضاء والكلوكوز واستعمالها في الانظمة الغذائية == Production of Edible Film from Soybean Protein Concentrates with Sorghum Lipids and Glucose and using in Food System

Author name: ميادة عدنان فالح الشبلي
Supervisor name: علي احمد ساهي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Research efforts were directed to the production of - environment - friendly and edible - biological materials to be used in food packaging from protein soybeans. The research also included the impact of oil and wax sorghum extracted as by - product of sorghum grain and sugar glucose on the films properties. This study included three points of discussion.First, Concentrated soy protein was extracted from soybean grains in the form of a yellow fine powder. Its chemical composition was studied and found to contain : protein and fat and ash and moisture and carbohydrates respectively (71.5 , 0.78 , 4.9 , 8.4 , 14.4)% . Also, oil and wax sorghum has been extracted from sorghum grain.Second, concentrated soy protein and glycerol were used as major raw materials in addition to other materials like sorghum wax and oil and glucose were used in the preparation of the edible films in the form of thin layers. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of this edible film were studied and the results were as follows : 1. The simple soy protein films - without plasticizer - were fragile and difficult to handle. On the other hand, the soy protein films with 4%, 5% and 6% concentrations with 40% from protein weigh glycerol as plasticizer were easy to remove from the plates. Particularly, 5% and 6% concentrations were easier to remove from plates than 4% concentration which was difficult to handle. In general, films were shiny, flexible, transparent, smooth yellowish, has no taste or odor and the presence of free bubbles was noted. It was also noticed that with increased protein concentration from 4% to 6%, the film thickness increased from 0.08 to 0.098 mm, the tensile strength increased from 2.15 to 3.3 MPa, the elongation percentage decreased from 140.0 to 81.7%, the water solubility ranged from 45.9 to 35.0% and water vapor permeability values rose from 8.8 to 9.6 g. mm / m².hr.KPa with a higher concentration of soy protein from 4 to 6%.The first stage from Thermal disintegration begins at a temperature of 116 ºC due to the loss of moisture. The second stage of disintegration starts at temperatures of 190 ºC and attributed to the disintegration of glycerol when the maximum temperature is 289 ºC. While the third stage of disintegration starts overlapping with thedisintegration of the glycerol at a maximum temperature of 385 ºC and attributed to the disintegration of soy protein.2. The complex 5% soy protein films with 2% glycerol plasticizer and sorghum oil or wax concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% (weigh/ volume) was found to be characterized by flexibility, smoothness, and easily removed from plates. In addition, it was less transparent and acquired the color of lipid and increased thickness with high wax or sorghum oil concentration. It was also noticed that water solubility has ranged from 38.2 to 32.4% and tensile strength has decreased from 2.5 to 1.1 MPa and elongation percentage has increased from 125% to 138% and water vapor permeability has decreased from 8.9 to 8.6 g.mm / m².hr.KPa with increasing concentration of sorghum oil. On the other hand, it was observed that water vapor permeability has decreased from 8.1 to 6.9 g.mm / m².hr.KPa and water solubility has decreased from 37.2 to 35.2% but the tensile strength has increased from 2.42 to 2.52 MPa and elongation percentage has decreased from 115 to 95% with a increasing concentration of sorghum wax. There are no differences in the thermal decomposition of the films protein complex with oil and wax sorghum compared to simple films protein from soybeans.3. The complex 5% soy protein films with 2% glycerol plasticizer and different concentrations of glucose; 1% and 1.5% and 2%(weigh/ volume) was characterized with sheen, smooth and polished surface with acceptable flavor and brown color. It was also easy to remove from plates but less flexible that simple soy proteins. It was also observed that the thickness of the films was increased from 0.088 to 0.091 mm and water solubility was decreased from 41.2 to 40% and the water vapor permeability was decreased from 8.98 to 8.77 g. mm / m².hr.KPa while the elongation percentage has reached 90%, 92% and 115% and the tensile strength has decreased from 2.7 and 2.3 MPa with increasing glucose concentration. It was also noted that the thermal decomposition this complex is more stable compared with simple films from soy proteins.Third, concentrated The application of the obtained biofilm in Food system : 1. Practical applications were conducted by using solvents of simple and complex soy protein films compound with sorghum oil in covering pear fruit for protection. As a result, the fruit was characterized by glossy, transparent colorless polished smooth and softer texture. The fruits covered withcomplex membranes have the same characteristics but less glossy. This method has extended the shelf life for the fruit by 15 days because of the limited moisture loss change in acidity level (pH) compared to not covered fruits at a temperature (4 - 6ºC) The fruits covered and stored at room temperature are more acceptable compared to non - covered fruits.2. Another application is to use soy protein films - simple and complex - with glucose in the coating of the fish pieces and when stored for a week at refrigerator temperature, the results were higher values of peroxide number for un - coated fish reached 6.2 milli - equivalent / kg compared with the coated pieces with simple membranes reaching 4.8 milli - equivalent / kg and for coated with composite film with glucose peroxide number value reached4.3milli - equivalent/kg. .

العلاقة بين درجة حرارة المحيط ونسبة الرطوبة وبعض المعاير الفسلجية وانتاج الحليب ومكوناته في الابقار المضربة == Relationship between ambient temperature, relative humidity with some Physiological parameters, milk production and composition in cross cows

Author name: مؤيد عبد الواحد جابرحسن الفياض
Supervisor name: اسعد يحيى عايد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted at Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah and Animal Farm of Aked Agriculture Secondary School, Dhi - Gar Province during the period of 1/10/2013 to 1/7/2014. The aim was to study the relationship between temperature and humidity with daily and monthly milk yield. Milk components as fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat also studied. As well as some physiological and blood parameters included in this study. A total of 28 crossed cows of different age and milking season. Cows were fed available feed within each season, while water was available during 24 hours. Results can be summarized as following : 1 - Minimum recorded THI was during January (53.24 unit) and maximum value was 78 unit recorded during June.2 - Parity had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Cows of fourth parity exceeded those during 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 6th parity. However, parity had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.3 - Calf sex had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Male claves caused increase in milk yield. Calf sex had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.4 - A negative non - significant correlation between minimumormaximum temperature and daily or monthly milk yield. Daily and monthly milk yield were 4.36 and 128.75 kg during March, while they became 3.11 and 91.10 kg during June. However, temperature showed significant positive correlation with lactose (0.100 and 0.144 with minimum and maximum temperature respectively) and non - significant with either milk fat or protein or solid not fat.5 - A negative non - significant correlation existed between THI and either daily or monthly milk yield, as milk yield decreased from 4.13 and 124.16kg (daily and monthly yield respectively) during January (lowest THI value) to 3.11 and 91.1 kg respectively during June (highest THI value). On the other hand, THI correlated significantly and positively with THI (0.158) but non - significant with milk fat, protein and solid not fat, as they shoed highest values during June.6 - There were positive significant correlation between minimum or maximum temperature and THI with both morning and evening pulsing rate (0.251, 0.328, 0.306, 0.568, and 0.571 respectively). However, they had positive non - significant with rectum temperature.7 - Minimum or maximum temperature and THI showed highly significant correlation with PCV% (0.234, 0.153 and 0.213 respectively) and WBC (0.334, 0.310 and 0.374 respectively).8 - Cortisol correlated positively but non - significant with either minimum or maximum temperature or THI. Highest value of cortisol (4.38 ng/ml) was recorded during June of highest THI and temperatures

دور المستخلصات المائية لبعض النباتات في تحولات النتروجين ونمو نبات الذرة الصفراء L. Zea mays في تربة معاملة بالمخلفات العضوية == Role of Some Plant Aqueous Extract on Nitrogen Transformation and Growth of Corn (Zea mays L .) in Soil Treated With Organic Residues

Author name: مؤيد ابراهيم علي
Supervisor name: عبد المهدي صالح حسين الانصاري
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Series of incubation and pots experiments were conducted in laboratories and green house of the college of agriculture university of Basrah , to study the role of plants aqueous extracts of Caper seeds, pomegranate peels , date palm fiber and blady grass rhizomes and chemical nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrogen mineralization , nitrification inhibition, ammonia volatilization addition to growth and N,P,K conc. of corn plant grown in soil sandy loam treated with organic residues of poultry manure, cow manure, alfalfa residue and corn cubs.aqueous extracts were prepared at ratio of 1 : 10 ( plant material : water)and added at conc. of 0.25 ml gm - 1 soil to soil treated with 5% organic residue. Above experiments were repeated by addition of 500 mg N kg - 1soil as (NH4)2SO4 . Soils were incubated at 35 °C for 15,30,45,60 and 75 days . After each incubation period set of samples was withdraw and NH4+, NO3¯ were measured then nitrification inhibition was calculated . Ammonia volatilization was measured at 2,7,14,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 days of incubation. Dry weight, N, P and K conc. in plant was measured after 60 days of corn growth.Results of the study showed : 1 - Application of water extracts of caper seeds, date palm fiber and DCD significantly increased NH4+ - N release from organic residues . Highest increased obtained with caper extract .2 - Higher N mineralization (NH4+, NO3¯ ) was associated with poultry manure as compared with other organic sources.3 - Application of N fertilizer significantly increased of organic N release (NH4+, NO3¯ ) and decreased nitrification inhibition for all treatments.4 - Increasing incubation time significantly increased NO3¯ amount release, but decreased NH4+ amount release and nitrification inhibition .

تقييم بعضالاضافات في تقليل اثر الاجهاد الحراري في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Evaluation of Some Additive To Reduce The Effect of Heat Stress in Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicken

Author name: مغارب محمد جادر حيمد العيداني
Supervisor name: رياض كاظم موسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology - Education
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This experiment was carried out at the Poultry Field of Animal Resource Department , College of Agriculture , University of Basra from May 1st to Jun, 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate many treatments and a methods to decrease the effect of heat stress on the productive performance and some blood physiological characteristics of broiler. A total of 216 un sexed chicks of Ross breed one day old were used in this experiment. Chicks were randomly distributed into six treatments (three replicates of 12 birds in replicates) for each treatment. The treatments were as follows : 1. First treatment (T1) : The control group without any supplement.2. Second treatment (T2) : Supplement 1.5 ml of prebiotic per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding.3. Third treatment (T3) : Supplement 500 mg of Vitamin C per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .4. Fourth treatment (T4) : Supplement 200 mg of Vitamin E per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .5. Fifth treatment (T5) : Supplement 600 mg of potassium chloride (KCl) per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .6. Sixth treatment (T6) : Fasting for 24 hours and follow up with ad labium feeding .The results can be summarized as follows;1. There was a significant effect of treatments on heat - stress reducing the effect of on some productive and physiological traits of broiler (P<0.05) compared to the control group in most traits.2. There was a significant increase in body weight, weekly weight gain ,feed intake and feed conversion ratio as vitamin C was silted compared with other treatments.3. There was a significant decrease in weekly water intake of vitamin C group and vitamin E group in comparison with other treatment.4. Highest values of productive index were obtained by the treatment of prebiotic in drinking water as compared to other treatments group.5. Treatment of vitamin C in drinking water showed the highest values in vit. carcass weights, dressing percentage, heart and liver weights. Whereas, it showed less value of fabrisha gland percentage weight in comparison with other treatments.6. There was no significant effect of treatments using to decrease heat stress on the gizzard percentage weight.7. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed less body temperature at last three weeks of age in compared with other treatments.8. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed highest value of RBC, HB, PCV and total protein, whereas it showed less values of white WBC percentage of hetrophile to lymphocyte cells, acid and compared to other treatment cholesterol , uric numbers in comparison with other experimental treatment.9. There was no significant differences in concentrations of serum GOT, GPT. Enzymes in serum treated groups. Whereas, treatment of 24 hours fasting followed up by a libitum feeding till the next day, showed less values of T3 T4 hormone concentration in comparison with other treatments.10. Treatment of vitamin C supplement proceeded in the values of calcium chloride and sodium concentrations in serum plasma, whereas treatment of potassium in drinking water showed highest values of serum potassium concentration compared to other treatments.

استخدام المؤشرات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية وتقانة التتابعات الداخلية البسيطة ISSR في تقدير التنوع الوراثي لعدد من اصناف نخيل التمر العراقية == Using morphological , Biochemical and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique to assess the genetic diversity of some Iraqi date palm cultivars

Author name: نبا عودة حسابة جبر الغزي
Supervisor name: عقيل هادي عبد الواحد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Bifidobacterium bifidum ودراسة تاثير نواتجها الايضية في الحفظ الحيوي لبعض منتجات اللحوم == Isolation and Identification of Bifidobacterium bifidum And Study The Effect Of Metabolic Products In Biopreservation Of Some Meat Products

Author name: مصطفى علي كاظم علي الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نوفل عبد الامير حسين الحلفي | خديجة صادق جعفر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the current study were obtained Bifidobacterium isolates from soucers including (Human milk and feces of children aged 7 - 43 day) using the selective media MRS NLLP and through morphological , microscopical and biochemical tests including catalase test , production of CO2 gas from glucose test , gelatinase test , producation of ammonium from arginin test , nitrate reduction test and carbohydrate fermentation were obtained 8 bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium Bifidum.then Conducted confirmatory diagnosis for 8 bacterial isolates using Vitek 2 compact system which stressed the ownership of four of them to bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum.Metabolic products (Cell free supernatus )were prepared for local and standard bacterial isolates of bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and measured effectiveness inhibitory for metabolic products (full bacterial filtrate , bacterial filtrate after removing the effect of hydrogen peroxide, bacterial filtrate after adjusting pH ) Against four types of pathogenic bacteria and bacteria that cause spoilage of food (Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus ,Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) The results were as follows : 1 - All metabolic products prepared from local bacterial isolates for Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria (Three bacterial filtrates) showed significant inhibitory ability against four types of test bacteria. and outperforming to the ability of inhibitory metabolites that prepared from the standard isolation Bb12, gram positive test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) showed high sensitivity to (Three bacterial filtrates) of the local isolation MB6 in comparing with gram negative test bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.2 - It was noted that the inhibitory diameter of Staphylococcus aureus was The broader to (Three bacterial filtrates) of local isolation MB6 where was (19 , 16, 14) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .3 - Metabolic products of local bacterial isolation MB6 showed High inhibitory ability against Bacillus cereus for All filtrates where wasthe inhibitory diameter (17.15, 12.5) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .4 - Escherichia coli showed sensitivity to metabolic products of local bacterial isolation MB6 (full bacterial filtrate , bacterial filtrate after removing the effect of hydrogen peroxide, bacterial filtrate after adjusting pH) ) where was the inhibitory diameter (14 , 13 , 11) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .5 - Results indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to all filtrates of the local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB6, MB7) and standard isolation Bb12 compared to other types of test bacteria , all filtrates of local isolation MB6 showed The highest inhibitory diameter where was (13.5, 12, 10.5) mm respectively Compared to the other local bacterial isolates (MB1, MB3, MB7) superior on the inhibitory diameter of all metabolic products prepared from standard bacterial isolation Bb12 .Metabolic product (full bacterial filtrate) for local bacterial isolation MB6 using as a natural preservative against bacterial activity to prolong the storage period to producers of minced meat tablets and Iraqi kebabs for a period of 15 days from the refrigerated storage at a 4 C° using four different concentrations (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 , 3) %, The results were as follows , results of the study showed a significant effect when added metabolic product for Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria at (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 , 3) % concentrations during storage by cooling on averages of log number of bacteria (total aerobic bacteria , total coliform bacteria , psychotropic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria) where it was noted that the highest inhibition was at a concentration of 3% for all types of bacteria above respectively for samples of minced meat tablets and Iraqi kebabs. results of the current study, showed a decrease in values of total volatile nitrogen , Peroxide value, acid value with Significant differences as a result of the impact of added metabolic product for Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria at (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3) % concentrations during storage by cooling for fifteen days

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا التسمم البرفرنجي من الاغذية في مدينة Clostridium perfringens البصرة ودراسة خواصها وتحديد الجين المسؤول عن تسمم الغذاء == Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens from food in Basrah city and study it's characterization and detection of responsible gene of food poisoning

Author name: مصطفى عدنان عیدان
Supervisor name: قيثار رشيد مجيد | صباح مالك حبيب الشطي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: It was obtained 55 local isolates of Clostridium perfringens out of153 samples taken from different food sources included (meat , chicken ,fish and shrimp and miscellaneous foods).All of the samples were taken from six locally markets in Basrahcity included (Old Basrah , Al - Ashaar market , Al - Assmai market ,Fivemiles market ,Karmat Ali market and Al - Hartha market). Isolation , identification and the studying characteristics tested were carried out after on growing on TSC Agar . All isolates were selected and subjected for studying cultural and morphological in addition to biochemical test were done . All isolates were gave black colonies on the TSC Agar , from all these tests , its indicate that the isolate were belong to Clostridium perfringens. Microscopic examination showed that bacteria were bacilli shape , Gram positive , obligately anaerobic , capsule forming , spores forming , moreover the shapes of spores was oval (subterminal ) internal spores and non - motile .Bacteria were grown on Blood agar medium (5% Sheep blood) , Egg yolk medium , Crossley milk medium , and Reinforced clostridial broth , the results appeared double zone of haemolysis , produced Lecithinase enzyme with clear zone hydrolysis , Clear stormyfermentation , produce hydrogen sulphite (H2S) with black colour for Blood agar , Egg yolk agar , Crossley milk medium and Reinforced clostridial broth , respectively . The isolates bacteria had the ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite , in addition to gelatin liquefaction (liquefaction gelatin after 48 hours) . The isolates bacteria were negative for catalase , oxidase , starch hydrolysis , lipolytic , negative for indole , positive for methyl red , ferment glucose , sucrose , lactose , maltose , galactose and trehalose , however it was non ferment xylose , melibiose , arabinose , salicin, mannitol, and raffinose . Tolerance tests were applied to study the some environmental conditions such as pH (3 - 10) , temperature (8 - 55) C° and NaCl % (0 - 10). Results showed that optimum conditions were (6 - 7) , (37 - 40)C° and (0 - 1) for pH , temperature and NaCl , respectively . The frequently prevalence of these were 48 , 46 , 24 , 23 and 10% for chicken meat , red meat , fish and shrimp , dairy products and miscellaneous foods , respectively . While to the local markets the frequently prevalence were 46 , 44 , 37 , 30 , 32 , 24 % for Karmat Ali , Old Basrah , Hartha , , Five miles ,AL - Ashaar and Al - Assmai , respectively .On the other hand , in this study and the first time new selective medium prepared instead of TSC Agar which used Neomycin antibiotic instead of Cycloserine . The new medium showed good results compared with TSC Agar because it was cheap , efficient , precise in isolation and identification tests and shortly of the isolation time .Susceptibility antibiotics tests toward 30 antibiotics was assayed.The isolates of Closridium perfringens were resistance (100%) for 3 antibiotics Neomycin , Gentamycin , Streptomycin and susceptibility (100%) for 7 antibiotics Cloxacillin , Chloramphenicol , Amoxicillin , Nitrofurontion , Nalidxic acid , Cefotaxime and Vancomycin .The PCR Technique was used to detect the toxins genes that are responsible for food poisoning . The DNA was isolated and identified by using 16S rDNA and cpα toxins .The results showed that the selected isolated contained α toxin thus confirmed this bacteria Clostridium perfringens certainly . The PCR results showed that there were three types in tested isolates . Type A (71.43%) which contain α toxin ,this was responsible of food poisoning . Type B (7.14%) which contain α , β and ε toxins . Type C (21.43%) which contain α and β toxins , however the results of PCR did not show any type for both D (which contain α , ε toxins ) and E (which contain α , i toxins) .

تحضير الجيلاتين من رؤوس وارجل الدجاج وعظام الابل ودراسة تركيبه الكيميائي وخواصه الوظيفية == Preperation Of Gelatin From Chicken Heads And Legs and Camel Bons and Study its Chemical Composition and Functional Properties

Author name: مريم منصور مذكور الحلفي
Supervisor name: منير عبود جاسم الطائي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Food
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to produce animal gelatin from the secondary wastes of chicken and camels. The studied gelatin from chicken heads and legs and camel bones. Gelatin was prepared by the chemical method and the chemical composition, yield, functional and sensory characteristics were measured at storage periods of 0, 20, 40 and 60 days under refrigeration at 4 - 8 ºC. The produced gelatin was introduced into the food systems where it was used to prepare beef burger as an alternative for fillers. The results showed that the highest gelatin yield 8.04 % was produced from chicken waste with no significant difference from 4.60 % yield of camel bones.The results of the chemical composition (protein, lipid, ash and moisture) for the crude gelatin indicated that it contain high percentages of protein which differ significantly according to the source, so as for the other components. Lipid percentage have increased notably in chicken gelatin and reached 3.89 % in comparison with 0.82 % in camel gelatin while the latter was featured by high ash content which reach 5.865 % in comparison with 3.48 % in chicken gelatin.The results also demonstrated that the produced gelatin have good functional properties in solubility, viscosity, gelling capacity, water absorption, lipid binding, emulsification and foaming. Water absorption capacity was higher in chicken gelatin in comparison with camel gelatin and reached 0.90 and 0.48 ml / g , respectively. On the other hand, lipid binding ratio increased in camel gelatin to reach 2.21 in comparison with 2.0 ml oil / g gelatin in chicken gelatin. The two gelatin types were featured by high gelling capacity at 1% for all storage periods where the gelling of camel gelatin was faster and stronger.The produced gelatin was characterized by good sensory qualities (color and odor). Chicken gelatin have a creamy color while camel gelatin have a pale creamy color. The two types of gelatin were featured by being odorless. The produced gelatin was used into food systems by preparing burger which have good sensory quality as shown by good score in the sensory evaluation of flavor, juiciness, color, tenderness and general acceptance.Storage period had no significant effect on the properties of the two types of the produced gelatin as for the chemical composition, functional and sensory characteristics. For the chemical composition, the various chemical components were noticed to increase slightly on behalf of moisture reduction. The functional properties did not influenced largely by storage and the produced gelatin preserved good qualities along the storage period.The results of gelatin amino acid analysis demonstrated that it contained 18 amino acids, the highest concentrations were for Aspartic acid and Threonine in chicken and camel gelatin , respectively. The amino acid Leucine was the lowest in both types of the produced gelatin.The results showed a variation in mineral contents for calcium, magnesium, cooper and iron between gelatin types. Calcium concentration was observed to elevate in chicken gelatin to 125 μg / g dry weight, while it reached 87.5 μg / g dry weight in camel gelatin. An elevation in iron concentration was noticed in camel gelatin in comparison with chicken gelatin with concentrations of 20 and 10 μg / g dry weight, respectively while the two gelatin types were devoid from lead and cadmium.

تصميم وتصنيع وتقييم اداء الة حراثة التربة باعماق مختلفة واضافة السماد العضوي واثرها في بعض خصائص التربة وحاصل نبات زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annus L.) == Design, manufacture and evaluate its mechanical performance an implement operating at different plowing depths and adding manure to the soil and studying its effect on some soil properties and yield of sunflower plant (Helianthus annus L.)

Author name: مرتضى عبد العظيم عبد النبي الفارس
Supervisor name: شاكر حنتوش عداي | كوثر عزيز حميد الموسوي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: combined agricultural implement was designed and manufactured in agricultural machines and equipment dept., Agriculture College, Basrah University 2015 A.D. the implement plows and disturbs the soil in different depths. The upper soil depth is plowed while the lower depth is disturbed. The implement is laying the manure on the soil surface and then mixed with soil dawn to the lower point of the depth.The implement consists of a frame, two moldboard plows, two subsoilers and three tines for pulverizing the soil and mixing the manure with it. The machine was provided with two - tons tank for manure. The manure is laid on the soil surface and in the furrow bottom which made by the moldboards plow by manure feeding mechanism.The manure broadcasting (feeding) mechanism was evaluated using four rotational speeds (390, 460, 650, and 890) Revs. min - 1, three implement forward speeds 0.20, 0.27, and 0.37 m sec - 1 and two manure feeding opening areas (150 and 300 cm2)( number of opening are three). The results were analyzed using C.R.D. (2 x 3x 4) for three replicates. The highest manure laying amount (94 tons ha - 1) was recorded for highest rotational speeds of feeding mechanism, (840 Rev. min - 1 ) and lowest forward speed (0.20 m sec - 1) and the greatest opening feeding area (300 cm2).The implement performance was evaluated using R.C.B.D. with three replicates,(2 x 3) (MB depth are 2 x subsoil depth are 3). The biological experimental carried out using implement depths of are 40, 50 and 60 cm. The MB depth are M20 = 20 cm and M30 = 30cm and three subsoilers depth S20, S30, S40 with MB depth of 20 cm and S10, S20 and S30 cm with MB depth of 30 cm accordingly, the implement combinations are M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40 and M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30.The draft force requirements, soil disturbed area and pulverization index of the implement were measured while the energy utilization efficiency, the specific energy, the equivalent energy and the pulverization energy efficiency were calculated.The biological experiment were carried out using two manure levels, three implement operating depths, 40, 50, and 60 cm and six soil depth (2 x 6 x 6). The manure levels are zero (OM0) and 45.50 ton ha - 1 (OM1), the implement combinations depths are M20S20, M20S30, M20S40, M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30 and the soil depths (0 - 10)d1, (10 - 20)d2, (20 - 30)d3, (30 - 40)d4, (40 - 50)d5 and (50 - 60)d6 (cm).The soil was plowed and prepared for planting. The chemical fertilizer was added in a single application before planting. The Seeds of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were sowing on 15/9/2015. The Seeds were irrigated using drip irrigation method. The amount of irrigation was applied according to the basin of evaporation, the amount added is 100% of evaporated amount from the basin with 20% extra amount as soil leaching requirement. The crop was harvested after 90 days of the sowing date.The results showed the following : 1) The draft force requirement, the disturbed area and the EUE increased as the depth of MB increased from 20 to 30 cm. The highest values recorded for prior’s parameter are 20.45 kN, 0.29 m2 and 14.34 m3 MJ - 1 respectively.2) The highest values for the draft force requirement, disturbed area and EUE were recorded for machine depth 60 cm. The values are 36.17 kN, 0.59 m2 and 16.41m3 respectively.3) The soil pulverization index (Pi) increased while the specific energy (SE), equivalent energy (eq. E) and pulverization efficiency (P E) decreased when the operating depth of MB increased from 20 to 30 cm. (Pi) increase from18.80 to 27.09 mm and (S E) decreased from 47.70 to 32.00MJ m - 3, (eq. E) 87.30 to 69.80 MJ m - 3 and (P E) 54.70 to 45.90% respectively.4) P.I. increased as the implement depth increased its values are 31.56 and 29.58 mm for treatments M20S40 and M30S30 respectively. SE increased also, and its values are 61.00 and 67.70 kJ.m - 3 while eq E values decreased and its values are 23.53 and 20.84 kJ m - 3 and 38.60 and 30.80% for M20S40 and M30S30 respectively.5) After crop harvesting (end of the season) the moisture content increased to 30.02% for the same treatment but without significant difference with other treatments. The soil moisture content increased with soil depth.6) The manure application increased the total soil porosity, infiltration rate, average of infiltration, while the soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and ECe decreased with manure application.7) The soil bulk density and the soil total porosity decreased after the plowing operation compared with unplowed soil. After the crop harvesting the soil bulk density increased whereas the soil total porosity decreased, M30S30 treatment recorded the lowest soil bulk density and the highest soil total porosity. The bulk density value is 1.17 Mg m - 3 and the soil total porosity is 55.70%. The soil bulk density decreased while the total porosity increased with soil depth.8) The plowing operation increased MWD compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 gave the highest value of MWD at the end of the crop growing season compared with other treatments. The value of MWD is 0.41 mm. MWD decreased with soil depth.9) The accumulation infiltration and the infiltration rate increased at the end of growth season compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 treatment recorded the highest value for both parameters which they are 423.35 mm and 1.09 m min - 1 at the end of measuring period (240 min) respectively.10) The soil penetration resistance for plowed soil decreased compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 recorded the lowest value (1303 kN m - 2) compared with other treatment. The soil penetration resistance increased with soil depth at the end of growing season.11) The soil Ec of the plowed was lower than that for unplowed soil. M30S30 reduced Ec more than the other treatment. Ec of for M30S30 is 6.77 dS m - 1 Ec of the soil increased with depth at the end of the growing season.12) The plant height, the crop biological yield and seed yield increased considerately for plowed soil treated with manure, compared with plowed soil only. M30S30 gave the highest values for plant height, biological yield and seed yield which they are 143.00 cm, 22.00 ton ha - 1 and 4.02 ton ha - 1 respectively.

تاثير بعض المستخلصات والمخلفات النباتية والحيوانية في اصابة نبات اللوبياء Vigna unguiculata بمرض التعفن الفحمي المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. == Effect of some extracts and plant residues and animal manure on charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid

Author name: محمود عودة جعفر
Supervisor name: محمد عامر فياض
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out in Plant Protection Department Labs and Fields of Agriculture College, Basrah University during Nov.2013 - 2014 in order to study the effect of leaves extracts of three plant, Conocarpus, Eucalyptus and Cabbege, as well as, the effect of three types of animal manure (cow, sheep and poultry) for reducing charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on cowpea.Six isolates of M. phaseolina were isolated from different host at different regions in Basrah Governorate. Pathogenicity test showed that cowpea isolate was the most virulent against cowpea seedling were disease incidence and disease severity reached to 55.8 and 41.0 % respectively.Laboratory experiments revealed that the Alcohol extract of eucalyptus, conocarpus, and cabbage were effective in inhibition of the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina . The percentage of inhibition reached to 62.4, 60.5 and 52.7 % for eucalyptus ,cabbage and conocarpus extracts respectively .In addition the concentration of (1%) (for all extracts) was more effective in inhibition of the growth of fungus M. phaseolina compared to the concentration of 0.5%.The percentage of inhibition was 79.57% and 38.27% respectively. The results of electrophoresis experiment for the different isolates of M. phaseolina proteins showed a variation among the 6 isolates from different plant in the number and location of protein bands.In pots experiment also it was found that animal manure for( cow, sheep and poultry) decreased the incidence and disease severity caused by M. phaseolina as disease incidence and severity reached 77.5 and 75% in treatment of animal manure for cow, poultry compared to 25% in pathogen treatment and the animal manure for sheep was the best in depreciate the percent of infection and severity for fungus which it was 38.3% and 13.8% respectively compared to 81.2% and 33.5% for pathogen treatment while the residues of cabbage leaves gives 45.0% and 13.7% respectively.Field experiment about the effect of some plants residues and animal manure on M. phaseolina explained that all plants residues and animal manure except poultry manure may leads to increase the percentage of germination compared to pathogen treatment and up of germination ratio registered in animal manure(sheep) treatment which it was 98% and in plants residues in cabbage 72% and the results showed that the treatment of conocarpus is the best in depreciate the infection which it was 10.1%and 5.5% respectively compared to 48.2%and 34.4% for pathogen treatment and eucalyptus treatment,animal manure (sheep) registered 19.6%,10.9%,19.9% and 12.5% respectively . It was also noticed that animal manure and plant residues increase NPK content in cowpea leaves, as the content of the leaves of the major nutrients NPK registered, the highest ratio from Nitrogen registered in the treatment of concarpus leaves followed by poultry manure and sheep manure which was 46.6 , 39.1, 38.9 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 31.9 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment,the highest ratio registrered to Phosphorus in conocarpus leaves treatment which was 3.1 gm/Kg - 1 then poultry manure and sheep manure 2.3 gm/Kg - 1 and 2.1 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 1.5 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment while the highest ratio to Potassium registered in sheep manure which it was 27.9 gm/Kg - 1 then eucalyptus leaves treatment 25.1 gm/Kg - 1 .

تاثير الكبريت والكالسيوم وحامض الستريك في تحسين التحمل الملحي وصفات الثمار النوعية Phoenix dactylifera L. والانتاجية لنخيل التمر صنف الساير == Effect of Sulfur, Calcium and Citric acid to Improve Salt Tolerance and Fruit Quality and Quantity of Date palm( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv.Sayer

Author name: محمد هادي طعيمة رحمه
Supervisor name: عباس مهدي جاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Horticulture And Garden Engineering
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير مستويات وطرق اضافة سماد اليوريا في امتصاص النتروجين والبوتاسيوم ونمو وحاصل الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. == Effect of Levels and Application Methods of Urea on N and K uptake , Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Author name: محمد كاظم حسن الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الله عبد الكريم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Soil and Water
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in tomato growing station , AL - Zubair region , Basrah Province during the winter season of 2013 - 2014 to evaluate the effect of levels and methods of nitrogen application on N and K uptake , growth and yield of tomato ( Hybrid wogdan ) grown in plastic house . Urea was applied at levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha - 1 at five doses . Methods of application were : 100% N fertilization to soil , ( Foliar +Soil) fertilization ( 25% of each level was applied as foliar and the remain was applied to soil ), and 100% N as fertigation . Field was plowing and received manure , then with height of 15cm of tomato seedlings were transplanted on 14/10/2013 . Field was under drip irrigation system . Phosphorus and potassium were applied at levels of 43 kg P2O5 ha - 1 and 166 kg K2O ha - 1 to each plot . The normal agricultural treatments of tomato were practiced as usually followed in Al - Zubair region . NH4+ - N in soil ; NO3 - - N in soil ; available K in soil ; N , K , Ca , Mg and Na concentration in leaves were obtained at six stages of tomato growth season . Also N , K , vitamin C , fruit size and TSS in fruits were measured . The dry weight of shoot and total fruits yields were recorded . Fertilizer - use efficiency was calculated . Based on K concentration in lower and upper leaves of K in Plant was studied . The results showed that : 1 - Increasing N level applied increased concentration of NH4+ - N , NO3 - - N in soil , N in leaves and fruits , however , K in leaves increased up to 200 kg N ha - 1 then decreased as N level concentrated to 300 kg ha - 1 . Ca and Na in leaves decreased with increasing N level , while Mg in leaves show no significant affect with N levels . Higher shoot dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with application of 200 kg N ha - 1 .2 - Higher N and K concentrations in leaves , fruits , fruit size , dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with fertigation method compared with (foliar+ soil) and soil methods : with 89.54 ton ha - 1 fruit yield . On the other hand lower values of NH4+ - N and NO3 - - N in soil ; Ca , Mg and Na in leaves ; Vitamin C and TSS were recorded at fertigation method . However , available K in soil not affected with application method .3 - Fertigation method gave the highest value of fertilizer - use efficiency followed by ( foliar+ soil) method then Soil one .4 - Results also revealed that N levels was not affected the translocation of K upward the plant shoot because of high growth and higher uptake of K in Plant , while the effect of application method follows the order : Soil > (Foliar+ Soil) > Fertigati

تاثير استخدام التبن المعامل بالشرش واليوريا بنسب مختلفة في اداء الحملان العزابية الدكزية == Effect of the Using of Different Rates of Straw Treated with Whey and Urea on the Performance of Male Arabi Lambs

Author name: محمد صبيح مجيد مريوش الساعدي
Supervisor name: عماد فلاح حسن الجاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted at Animal Farm/College of Agriculture/ University of Basra during 20/11/2014 to 18/2/2015. The aim was to clarify the effect of using straw treated with whey and urea at different levels on some productive and physiological traits of male Arabi lambs. A total of 16 male lambs were used aged 6 - 7 months with an average weight of 30.50±1.65 Kg. the lambs were distributed randomly and equally to four treatments. Concentrate diet included barley (55%), wheat straw (43%), vitamin and minerals (1%), urea (0.5%) and salt NaCl, (0.5%). Lambs were fed at 3% of their live body weight with adjustment depending on body weight change through the study period to every treatment (every two weeks). The residual feed was collected every following morning to measure the consumption feed. Ration of each treatment was as follow : 1 - First treatment : 100% concentrate diet.2 - Second treatment : 90% concentrate+10% straw treated with whey and urea.3 - Third treatment : 80% concentrate+20% straw treated with whey and urea.4 - Four treatment : 70% concentrate+30% straw treated with whey and urea.The studied productive traits were live weight, daily and total growth rates, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, carcass traits (hot carcassweight, dressing%, cuts weight, carcass offal, internal organs weight, abdominal, heart, kidney, pelvic and tail fat weight with physical dissection of rib cut and measurement of meat, bone and fat%). Organoleptic test included color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and total acceptance. Blood biochemical traits included total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum urea and some hormones as growth and thyroxine hormones. Results can be summarized as follow : 1 - There were significant differences in final body weight and daily and total growth rate of lambs of second group, which was fed 10% treated straw with whey and urea in comparison with other groups.2 - Significant improvement in feed conversion ratio of lambs of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as there was an increase in feed consumption of lambs of 2nd and 3rd groups.3 - There were significant differences in hot carcass weights of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as dressing% of lambs of control and 2nd group in comparison with other groups.4 - Lack of significant differences among treated groups in the cases of cut weights, weight and % of meat, fat and bone of rib cut, external body offal, internal organs and some body fat depots.5 - Significant differences in tail weight of 2nd group and abdominal fat of 2nd and 4th groups in comparison with other groups were observed.6 - There were significant improvement in some organoleptic test as flavor and total acceptance of groups received straw treated with both 10% or 20% whey and urea in comparison with control group.7 - There was a significant increase in total proteın concentration in blood serum of lambs of 2nd and 3rd group in comparison with other groups. There was also a significant difference in serum urea concentration of lambs of 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups in comparison with control group.8 - Neither signifcant differences were found in cholesterol, glucose, triglyerides nor in growth and throxine hormones among studeid groups.

تاثير استخدام الماء الممغنط والتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Effect of using Magnetic water and Time of feed restriction on some productive and physiological traits of broiler chickens

Author name: محمد حمد صالح
Supervisor name: رياض كاظم موسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في قاعة الدواجن التابعة الى قسم الثروة الحيوانية / كلية الزراعة / جامعة البصرة للفترة من 9/1/2014 ولغاية 13/2/2014 وذلك لدراسة تاثير استخدام الماء المعالج مغناطيسيواالتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم . استخدم 216 فرخا غير مجنس من فروج اللحم سلالة ROSS وزعت الافراخ عشوائيا الى ستة معاملات وبواقع ثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة (12) طير لكل مكرر. تصميم التجربة تجربة عامليه شملت عاملين الاول (نوع الماء) والثاني (التقنين الغذائي) وبتصميم عشوائي تام وكانت المعاملات كما يلي : - 1 - معاملة الاولى : تغذية حرة + ماء شرب عادي (معاملة سيطرة) .2 - المعاملة الثانية : تغذية حرة + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .3 - المعاملة الثالثة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء شرب عادي .4 - المعاملة الرابعة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .5 - المعاملة الخامسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء شرب عادي .6 - المعاملة السادسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .واشارت النتائج الى مايلي : - 1 - تفوق معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط معنويا (p<0.05) في معدل وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كفاءة التحويل الغذائي , كمية الماء المستهلكة والدليل الانتاجي مع حصول انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الهلاكات مقارنة بمعاملة ماء الشرب العادي.2 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في معدلات وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كمية الماء المستهلكة ونسبة الهلاكات مع حصول تحسن معنوي في معدل كفاءة التحويل الغذائي والدليل الانتاجي في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .3 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05)معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الكبد , القلب , مع وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن النسبي لدهن البطن مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام ماء الشرب العادي , بينما لم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء على الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الفخذ , غدة فابريشا , القانصة وطول الامعاء .4 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الفخذ , الكبد , القلب , القانصة ودهن البطن , بينما ظهر ارتفاع معنوي لوزن النسبي لغدة فابريشيا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .5 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , كريات الدم البيض , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الشرب العادي.6 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , عدد كريات الدم البيض ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية معنويا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .7 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في تركيز الكولسترول, اليوريك , البروتينات الدهنية المنخفضة الكثافة وتركيز انزيمي GPT , GOT مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الماء العادي , ولم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء المستخدم على تركيز الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم . 8 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) لمعاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني معنويا في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين , والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , تركيز انزيم GPT , الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) وارتفاع معنوي لتركيز الكولسترول لمعاملة التقنين الغذائي مقارنة بمعاملة التقنين الغذائي , بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني ومعاملة السيطرة في تركيز اليوريا , انزيم GOT والبروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة في مصل الدم .9 - وجود تاثير معنوي (P<0.05) للتداخل بين نوعية الماء المستخدم وفترة التقنين الغذائي الزمني في معظم الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية للفروج قيد الدراسة . | This study was conducted at poultry house, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture University of from Basrah, with period from 09/01/2014 to 13/02/2014. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of using Magnetically treaded water and Time of feed restriction on broiler chicks performance and some blood physiological traits.Atotal of (216) unsexed chicks of Ross strain aged one day, ware used in the study. The chicks were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with three Contain (12) chicks. Factorial experiment design experience included the first two factors (water type) and the second (food rationing) random design Tam. The treatment were : 1. T1 : Continuous feeding + Tap water.2. T2 : Continuous feeding + magnetically treated water.3. T3 : feed withdrawal [ on feed from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Tap water.4. T4 : Feed withdrawal [ no feeding from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Magnetically treated water.5. T5 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + Tap water.6. T6 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + magnetically treated water.The results of study indicated that : 1. Treatment of use magnetically treatment water Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in the live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, water consumption, production index and Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) mortality compared with using Tap water.2. significant decrease (P > 0.05) mortality in live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, mortality and significant rise in feed conversion, production index . In two method of restriction compared with continuous feed treatment.3. Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in dressing percentage, relative weight of breast heart, liver, while Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) in relative weight of abdominal fat compared with Tap water treatment, while there are no Significant effect due to quality of water in relative weights of leg bursa gland gizzard and length of small intestine.4 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in dressing percentage , relative weight of breast , Leg , liver , heart , gizzard , Abdominal , fat , while Significantly increase on relative weight of bursa gland on two restriction treatment compared with continuous feed (control).5 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on RBC ,WBC , Hb , pcv% while Significantly decrease in H/L ratio compared with tap water treatment.6 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in RBC, Hb, PCV, H/L ratio on two restriction feed treatments with continuous feeding treatment while no Significantly effect due restriction period on WBC. 7 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on use magnetically treated water treat mean in glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL while Significantly decrease in cholesterol , urea , LDL , GPT, GOT , con centration in blood serum compared with use tap water theretor no Significantly effect due to triglyceride quality of water in blood of serum.8 - Significantly decrease in (P <0.05) mortality glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL , GPT and cholesterol on blood of serum restriction feed treat meant compared with control (continuous feed) , while no Significantly effect due to restriction feed period in , uric , LDL and GOT con centration in blood serum .9 - Significantly interaction (P<0.05) between water quality and feed restriction period in productive per for mance and physiology under study.
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