Author name:
ایاد جعفر علي اكبر الاسدي
Supervisor name:
هدى هاتف مظهر الزبيدي
Abstract:
The aim of thesis is to shed light on the role of the General Prosecution in protecting of public funds in Iraq and to evaluate this role, based on the objective which is stipulated in Article 1 of the General Prosecution Law No. 159 of 1979, which is effective and the purpose for which it was found, (Public interest) or public right. The General Prosecution is considered the agent and the legal deputy of the society in the defense of his legitimate interests and rights.According to the importance of public funds in the conduct of the State's activity and public facilities. And it has an effect to achieve economic, military and security stability and its reflection on the public interest, this has made the legislation seek to provide adequate legal protection for it. The protection of the General prosecution is one of the protection types, as a procedural protection is not limited to the criminal side of the power to initiate criminal action against the public right to crimes in general and corruption offenses in particular, but extends to the civil side of intervention and presence in civil proceedings to which the State is a part of it or claim civil rights arising from criminal case.These papers aimed to shed the light on this protection and its effectiveness in achieving its goal, as it became clear to us that this protection in Iraq is weak and without the level of ambition ,due to several reasons, some of them regard to the same system, and others regard to the legislation of the prosecution In addition to the fact that the law when it set the goal of preserving the state funds did not give it special or exceptional means to reach its goal and others traditional jurisdictions, and the research did not deal with its jurisdictions (Before and after the trial),which are general terms of reference for all crimes, but these papers focused on its role in Iraq and its jurisdiction in the field of criminal action in crimes of public funds.As the General Prosecutor's Office in Iraq is not alone in seeking to protect the public funds ,but there are other commissions that have been developed by the legislator, such as the( Federal Financial Supervisory Board), and new commissions that have been established after 2003 such as (the Integrity Commission, the offices of the Inspectors General and the Anti - Money Laundering Office) The relationship between the public prosecution and these agencies in the framework of protecting public funds and combating the corruption, as it has been shown that there is a close relationship between them and they are important news sources for the prosecution's office on corruption cases in addition to others. Also there are several procedural participants, including the Integrity Commission(as an investigative body works under the supervision of the investigating judge and prosecution.The studies revealed the integral role of these bodies as a legal system in which the General prosecution occupies the important role and polarization. The studies concluded that the necessity of connecting these devices technically to the General prosecutor's office in addition to some legislative amendments to the laws that were created In order to activate the role of the public prosecution in the protection of public funds. Also the thesis dealt with the guarantees that have been required by the General prosecution in order to strengthen its role in protecting public funds. The most important security guarantees were the guarantee of independence and the guarantee of specialization. The General prosecution in Iraq , theoretically andpractically, is not independent but it is subordinate to the Supreme Judicial Council and one of its formations , and this is contrary to the Iraqi Constitution, which made the General Prosecutor's Office one of the formations of the judiciary mentioned in article 89 of the 2005 Constitution, These as for the guarantee of specialization are important and needed by the public prosecution system to activate its role as the study concluded that the current structure of the public prosecution is timid and does not meet the requirements of the stage for the public prosecution system in protecting public funds, in contrast to some comparative legislations. Unlike some comparative legislation the Arab republic of Egypt, which formed several specialized bodies including the body of Egyptian public funds our study was compared to some of the legislation, which (French, Egyptian and Jordanian legislation) The comparison does not necessarily mean that such legislation is necessarily the best, but the purpose is to benefit from the experiences of these countries and determine the position of the Iraqi legislation. To choose what suits the country and its circumstances.It should be noted that the draft law of the new General prosecution for the year 2016 was not absent from the researcher where the study covered the points of positive and negative, negative aspects were more than positives, and at the end of the thesis we reached many of the results and proposals, which we mentioned above, The agency in Iraq that the legislator has made the prosecution of the public right is an optional and not obligatory, and not limited to be done by the prosecution, but made it by other agency , and its role is unclear and weak during the stage of investigation and collection of evidence and during the initial investigation stage. the thesis has identified the miscarriages and developedappropriate solutions that the researcher hopes to resonate with the higher authorities and decision makers in IraqWhere the study identified the imbalance and developed appropriate solutions that the researcher hopes to resonate with the higher authorities in Iraq and decision makers...... and last but not least, no matter how much effort, it remains a minor because the perfection of God Almighty, and This thesis is only a modest seed in the path of reform and the advancement of the status of the prosecution in Iraq and its positive effects on the path of reform in the country in general..Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds
