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دراسة تاثير بعض المستخلصات المعزولة من ,الطحلب الاخضر Cladophora sp. في بعض المعايير الفسلجية لاناث الجرذان المختبرية Rattus norvegicus السليمة والمستهدفة مختبريا ,بالسكري == Study effect of some isolated extracts of green alga Cladophora sp. in some physiological parameters of female rats Rattus norvegicus laboratory healthy and laboratory - targeted diabetes

Author name: زهرة شعيبث بزيع الماجد
Supervisor name: حسين يوسف خلف الركابي | خالد كاطع الفرطوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The current study involved isolations of green alga Cladophora glomerata from Euphrates River in the city of Nasiriyah and demonstrating of alcoholic extract and alkaloid effect with concentrations (2.5, 5 mg/kg ) in the body weight and some blood standards and iochemical for Female rats normal laboratory and experimentally in effected diabetic, attended the alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the alga. It was aqualitative statements on extract to see content of chemical compound were tested for cytotoxicity alkaloid extract toward the red blood cells of human and at different concentration showed no toxicity to extract through out observation period . The record of alcohol and alkaloids extract of laboratory rats in the first and second experiments is the following : - I. Get a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean body weight to the animals two group and (third and fourth) groups compared with the first group in the first and second experiments, significant decrease of animals two groups (fifth and sixth) compared with (second group)in the second experiment.II. Get significant increase (p<0.05) in the sugar level in (the second group) compared with (the first group) and significant decrease (P<0.05) in the sugar level of animals (four, fifth and sixth) the groups compared with (the first and the second) groups respectively in the both experimental.III. Get a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number of red blood cell in (the fourth and sixth) groups, compared with (the first and second) groups respectively and get decrease no significant (P>0.05) in the level hemoglobin (Hb), paked cell Volume (PCV) and platelets compared with (the first and second) groups respectively in the first group. IV. Get significant decrease in number red blood cell in (the fourth group) compared with (the first group) and get decrease no significant in platelets compared with (the first and second) groups, significant decrease in hemoglobin level in (fifth and sixth) groups compared with (second group), significant decrease of paked cell volume (PCV) in the (the three and sixth) groups compared with (the first and second) groups respectively in the second experiment. V. Results appeared in the first experiment get significant increase (P<0.05) of white blood cell in the (second,fifth and sixth) groups compered with the (the first and second) groups respectively, no significant increase (P>0.05) in the percentage of neutral blood cell compared with the (first and second) groups respectively, while his significant increase in the percentage of acidic blood cells in the (third and fourth) groups compared with the (first group), the increase significant (P<0.05) in the percentage of monocyte cells compared with the (first and second groups) respectively, also had a significant decrease (P<0.05)in the percentage of lymphocyte cells compared with the (first and second groups) respectively.VI. Result appeared in the second experiments a significant decrease in white blood cells of (fifth and sixth) groups compared with the (second group), get significant increase in percentage of neutral blood cell in(third and fourth) groups compared with the (first group) and get significant increase in the percentage of monocyte, acidic, monocyte cells in (the third and fourth) groups compared with (the first group) and (the fifth and the sixth) groups for acidic and lymphocytes cells compared with the (second group).VII. The results also reported a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level malodialdyhde (MDA) for animals (sixth group) compared with the (second group) in the first experiment and significant decrease in the level malondialdyhde (MDA) for animals (fifth and sixth)groups compared with the (second group) in the second experiment and get no significant decrease of level ceruloplasmin and albumin compared with the first and second groups respectively in both two experiments .VIII. Results appeared a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level cholesterol triglycerides(TG) and very low density lipoproteins compared with the ( first and second) groups respectively and get significant decrease (P<0.05) in low density lipoprotein in the (fourth group) compared with the (first group) and (fifth and sixth) groups compared with the (second group), and result appeared get no significant decrease in the level (ALT) enzyme compared with the (first and second) groups respectively, andno significant decrease in level (AST) enzyme in the (fourth group) compared with the (first group) and no significant increase in (sixth group) with the (second group), also get significant increase (P<0.05) in level (ALP) enzyme in (third group) compared with the (first group) in the first experiment and there are not occur significant differences in level liver enzymes (ALT,AST,ALP) in the second experiment . IX. Results appeared get significant increase (P<0.05) in level hormone (FSH) in (fourth group) compared with the (first group), significant increase in level hormone (LH) in (fifth and sixth) groups compared with the (second group), significant increase in level hormone Estrogen compared with the (first and second) groups respectively in the first experiment , and also there are no significant difference in level Femininity sexual hormones (FSH,LH,Estrogen) in the second experiment

النمط المناعي للاشخاص المعرضين للحروق والمصابين ببكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) وتوصيفها الجزيئي لمقاومة المضادات الحياتية == Immunological profile of burned patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Molecular characterization of It's Antibiotic Resistance

Author name: ضواء محمد صلاح الخطيب
Supervisor name: وفاء صادق الوزني | ياسمين خضير الغانمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى بيان نسبة تردد بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية Pseudomonas aeruginosa بين مرضى الحروق في محافظة كربلاء. مع بيان بعض التغايرات المناعية المرافقة لاصابات الحروق في جسم المصاب وبعض الصفات الوراثية لبكتريا المعزولة التي تجعلها مقاومة للعديد من المضادات الحيوية الشئ الذي يزيد من زيادة نسبة حالات الانتان الدموي والموت بين هؤلاء المرضى . قد تم في الفترة من شهر شباط2014 الى شهر اب 2014 جمع مسحات جلدية وعينات دم من 64 عزلة من مرضى الحروق الراقدين في مستشفى الحسين مع جمع 30 مسحة بيئية من ردهات الحروق نفسها في تلك المستشفى ،اذ ظهر ان 45 % من مسحات الحروق كانت تعود لبكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية في حين 26.1% فقط كانت نسبة عزل هذه البكتريا من المسحات البيئية ولبيان العلاقة بين عمر المريض ودرجة الحرق ونوعه تبين ان نسبة الحروق 60.9) %) في الاعمار دون 15 سنة كانت اعلى من نسبتها 39.11)%) في الاعمار فوق 15 سنة . في حين كانت الحروق الناتجة عن السوائل الحارة لدى المصابين دون 15سنة اعلى معدلات الحرق بينما حروق اللهب شكلت النسبة الاكبر (29.7%) في الاعمار فوق 15سنة بالاضافة الى ان الاناث كانت الاكثر عرضة للحرق ونسبته (56.3%) مقارنة بالرجال (%43.8). كانت بكتريا P.aeruginosa المعزولة عالية المقاومة لاغلب المضادات الحيوية حيث كانت مقاومة لكل من )Cefatotaxime 88.6%) , Ceftazidime (85.7%), Oxacillin (71.4)و Meropenin(85.7%) في حين وصلت مقاومتها الى (%77.1) للمضاد الحيوي Gentamycin . اذ كانت اغلب العزلات مقاومة لاكثر من مضاد حيوي واحد لبيان سبب هذه المقاومة العالية تم الكشف وراثيا عن جينات البيتالاكتميز مثل per - 1 وoxa - 10باستخدام تقنية تفاعل تضخيم الدنا (PCR) حيث اظهرت نتائج البلمرة بحجم 760bp بالنسبة لجين المسؤول عن انزيم oxa - 10 وناتج بلمرة بحجم 927bp للجين المسؤول عن انزيم per - 1 ، وكانت نسبة تواجد جين oxa - 10 بنسبة 85% من مجموع العزلات الكلي اما الجين per - 1 فقد تواجد بنسبة 50% من العزلات المحصلة عليها.اما نتائج الدراسة المناعية الخاصة لبيان تاثير الحروق بانواعها على فعالية الجهاز المناعي للمريض فقد ظهر جليا ارتفاع واضح لكريات الدم البيض عند المصابين والذي يتناسب طرديا مع شدة الحرق فقد وصلت اعداد الخلايا mm3) / 103) 10.44 , 13.222 و15.955 لكل من مجموعة مرضى الحروق البسيط والمتوسطة والشديدة على التوالي حيث كان الارتفاع بصورة خاصة لكريات الدم البيض العدلة مقارنة ببقية الانواع الخلوية .اما المناعة الخلطية المتمثلة بتراكيز كل من بروتين الطور الحاد والمتمم فقد لوحظ ارتفاع معنوي في قيم بروتيات الطور الحاد والذي يتزايد طرديا مع شدة الحرق ليصل الى 63.4 ملغم/لتر في الحروق البسيطة في حين وصل الى) 95.2 و121.8 ) ملغم/لتر لكل من الحروق المتوسطة والشديدة على التوالي .اما تراكيز بروتين المتمم C3 فقد ظهرت التحليلات الاحصائية ارتفاع غير معنوي بمستوى المتمم الثالث لكل درجات الحروق البسيطة وبنسبة 125.45 ملغم/ديسيلتر,المتوسطة137.5 ملغم/ديسيلتر والشديدة 140.15 ملغم/ديسيلتر مقارنة مع الاشخاص الاصحاء 122.32 ملغم/ديسيلتر. في حين كان الارتفاع معنويا ( p≤0.05) في قيم الحركي الخلوي IL - 6 ليصل الى 118 بيكوغرام /مل, 86 بيكوغرام /مل و33 بيكوغرام /مل كل من مرضى الحروق البسيطة والمتوسطة والشديدة على التوالي .على العكس من ذلك فقد سجلت عامل التنخر الورمي TNF اعلى ارتفاع في مرضى الحروق الشديدة اذ بلغ 600.45 بيكوغرام/مل مقارنة بالاشخاص الاصحاء 175.15 بيكوغرام/مل. | This study aimed to a statement the ratio Pseudomonas.aeruginosa between burns patients in the Al - Hussein Hosppital in Kerbala city and as well as some variations of immune system that associated with injuries or burns in the body patient in addition explain some genetic characters of isolated bacteria that make them resistant to different types of antibiotics, which increases sepsis & death among these patients. Skin swabs and blood samples were collected from 64 burn patients admitted to the hospital in period febrwary 2014 to agust 2014 in addition 30 swabs from environmental hospital also collected . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from burns swabs (45% ) while only 26.1% were isolated from environmental swabs. Relationship statement between the patient's age and the degree, type of the burn showed that the percentage of burns ( 60.9%) in the ages under 15 years higher than the rate of (39.11%) in ages over 15 years .The burns rates caused by hot liquids in patients under 15 years than flame higher burn while burns flame formed the most (29.7%) in the ages over 15 years . That females were most likely to burn rate (56.3%) compared to men (43.8%) P.aeruginosa were isolated high resistance to most antibiotics used where the resistance of each Cefatotaxime (88.6%), Ceftazidime (85.7%),Oxaciilin(71.4) and Meropenin (85.7%) while resistant to (77.1%) for Gentamycin. The cause of multidurg resistance was detected genetically by determined B - lactamase genes of per - 1and oxa - 10 using a technique amplified DNA reaction (PCR). The results showed polymerization Size 760bp for the gene responsible for oxa - 10 and the result Size polymerization 927bp gene responsible for an enzyme per - 1the presence of oxa - 10 (85%) in the total isolates either per - 1gene has presence by (50% )in the isolates collected them.The immunological results showed clearly increased white blood cells that directly proportional to the severity of the burn has reached the preparation of cells (10.44, 13.222, 15.955 ) 103/mm3 of the patients with simple and moderate to severe burns group respectively, where the rise, in particular, to neutrophil white blood cells compared to other types of cells.The immune humoral concentrations of both protein acute phase and complement were noted a significant rise in acute phase protein values and which are increasingly proportional to severity of the burn to arrives 63.4 mglL in simple burns while arrived( 95.2 and 121.8) ) mglL for each of degrees burns moderate and severe on respectively.It was found significant increase in the acute phase protein values and which increased directly according to the severity of the burn for up to 63.4mg/ml in simple burns while reached( 95.2 and 121.8)mg/ml each of the moderate and severe burns respectively.Statistical analyzes of complement protein C3 appeared insignificant rise in the levels of the complement for each degree of burns simple 125.45, medium (137.5 mgldL)and severe (140.15 mgldL) compared with healthy people (122.32 mgldL).While the rise significant at the level of probability (p ≤0.05) in the kinetic values cellular IL - 6 to reach( 118 pg / ml), (86 pg / ml), (33 pg / ml) each of the patients simple burns and moderate to severe respectively. On the opposite it values of kinetic cellular TNF were recorded the highest rise in patients with severe burns, reaching 600.45 (pg / ml) compared to control

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية للمستقبلات TLRs المرتبطـــة بداء المــقوسات في محافظة القادسية == Molecular and immunological study of TLRs associated with Toxoplasmosis in Al - Qadisiyah province

Author name: هديل شاكرهادي التميمي
Supervisor name: رائد عباس كاظم | رحيم طعمة عبيس
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: المقوسة الكوندية طفيليات داخل خلوية تصيب نسبة كبيرة من سكان العالم. وقد اظهرت العديد من الدراسات ان المستقبلات ((TLR تلعب دور مهم في الامراض الطفيلية المختلفة. وقد اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد الجينات TLR7 وTLR9 والسيتوكينات ذات الصلة في 125 امراة مجهضة كمجموعة بالمقارنة مع 15عينة من النساء الاصحاء (غير حوامل) و15عينة من النساء الحوامل كمجموعات سيطرة في مستشفى النسائية والاطفال في محافظة القادسية من كانون الثاني / 2015 وحتى اذار / 2016، وقد تم سحب 5 مل من عينات الدم الوريدي من النساء تحت ظروف معقمة. هناك ثلاثة جوانب في هذه الدراسة , وتضمن الجانب الاول قياس مستويات الاجسام المضادة (العدوى الكامنة والعدوى المكتسبة مؤخرا) في مصل النساء المجهضات والحوامل وغير الحوامل . الجانب الثاني تضمن تحديد مستويات السيتوكينات (IL - 12، IFN - γ) وproflin - 1 (PFN - 1) في مصل النساء المجهضات والحوامل وغير الحوامل. تم الكشف عن مستويات السيتوكينات (IL - 12، IFN - γ) وPFN - 1 في الدم باستخدام تقنية ELISA . ركز الجانب الثالث على تحديد الجينات TLR7) , (TLR9 واستخلاص الحمض النووي DNA من النساء عن طريق تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل (PCR). واظهرت النتائج ان معدل الانتشار المصلي IgM (العدوى الكامنة) وIgG (العدوى المكتسبة مؤخرا) الاجسام المضادة للتوكسوبلازما كانت موجبة في 55/125 حالة بنسبة ((44% و5/125 حالة بنسبة (4%) على التوالي، والانتشار المصلي للاجسام المضادة لل T.gondii في النساء المجهضات .48% ولم تسجل مصليا بشكل مختلط في هذه الدراسة، في حين كانوا النساء الاصحاء بنسبة(0%) لجميع الاجسام المضادة . وجدت علاقة ذات اهمية احصائية (P<0.05) بين الانتشار المصلي للاصابة بداء المقوسات المزمنة والعمر للنساء المجهضات ، الامراض المزمنة ، ووقت الاجهاض ، وقد اظهرت النتائج عدم وجود علاقة ذات اهمية احصائية بين الاصابة بداء المقوسات وقدرة النساء على انجاب الاطفال وتكرار الاجهاض. اكدت النتائج ان النساء المجهضات الموجبات للاجسام المضادة IgG يزداد لديهم تركيز IL - 12 زيادة معنوية بالمقارنة مع مجاميع السيطرة ، في حين انه لاتوجد اي زيادة معنوية في تركيز الاجسام المضادة IgM بالمقارنة مع مجاميع السيطرة في قيمة LSD ((30.28. تركيز IFN - γ كان منخفض في النساء المجهضات الموجبات للاجسام المضادة IgM ، كلا المجموعتين من النساء المجهضات لديهم انخفاض في تركيز IFN - γ بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة (الحوامل وغير الحوامل) . كما ان النساء المجهضات السالبات للاجسام المضادة IgM لديهم انخفاض هام في بالمقارنة مع مجاميع السيطرة الاصحاء والحوامل في قيمة LSD (19.33).profilin - 1 البشري كان في مستوى منخفض في النساء المجهضات المصابات للاجسام المضادة IgM وIgG بالمقارنة مع مجاميع السيطرة الاصحاء والحوامل في قيمة LSD 230.14)). ان الصورة الجينية لجينات TLRs قد اوضح ان TLR7 وTLR9 كانا بنسبة 89.7%)), 84.1%)) على التوالي .كذلك النتائج وضحت وجود بعض التباين الوراثي (TLR7 وTLR9 الجينات) في النساء المجهضات مقارنة مع السيطرة، وهذا يعني وجود طفرات في الجينات للمرضى. | Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite infected large proportion of the world population. Many of studies have shown the critical part of TLRs in different parasitic diseases. The present study were performed to detect TLRs 7 and TLRs 9 genes and related cytokines in 125 aborted women as case group and 30 healthy women (15 non pregnant and 15 pregnant women) as control groups in the Maternity and children Hospital in the Al - Qadisiyah province from December 2015 till March 2016, Five milliliter of venous blood sample were obtained from each woman under sterile condition. Three aspects were involved in this study; the first aspect included the measurement of sera antibodies (IgG& IgM) in the aborted women and control and study epidemiological aspects for T. gondii infection. The second aspect determined the levels of cytokines (IL - 12 Pg./ml , IFN - γ Pg./ml) and human proflin - 1 (PFN - 1 Pg./ml) in the sera of aborted women and control. The levels of cytokines (IL - 12 , IFN - γ) and PFN - 1 in blood were detected by using ELISA principle. The third aspect focused on detection of TLR7 gene and TLR9 gene in extraction DNA of aborted women and control (non pregnant and pregnant women) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The outcomes demonstrated the seroprevalence of IgG (latent infection) and IgM (recently acquired infection) anti - Toxoplasma antibodies were positive in 55/125 cases (44%) and 5/125 cases (4%) respectively, however the Overall Seroprevalence of anti - T.gondii antibodies in aborted women was 48%. Mixed seropositive for IgG and IgM were not recorded in the present study, whereas the control were 0% for all antibodies. Significant relationship (P< 0.05) was found between the seroprevalence of T.gondii as ( chronic infection , age groups of the aborted women, several chronic diseases and abortion time). The results showed no statistically significant association between Toxoplasma infection and the ability of women to have children and frequency of abortions. The results confirmed that the aborted women with positive IgG antibody have significant increase in IL - 12 concentration in comparison with control , while no significant increase in IgM in comparison with control groups at LSD value ( 30.28). The concentrations of IFN - γ were lower in positive IgM aborted women than IgG , both groups of aborted women have significant decreased in comparison with pregnant control. While IgM patients have significant decreased in comparison with pregnant and healthy control group at LSD value (19.33). The human profilin - 1 levels were lowered in infected aborted women with IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison with pregnant and healthy control at LSD value ( 230.14). The genetic profils of genes TLRs have explained that TLR7 and TLR9 were (89.1 %) , (84.7 %), Respectively in aborted women. The results illustrated the presence of some genetic variation (TLR7 and TLR9 gene) in aborted women compared with the control, and this means having mutations in the patients gene.

عزل وتشخيص المضاد الحيوي المنتج بواسطة عزلة Penicillium chrysogenum من البيئات المختلفة في ترب مدينة الناصرية == Isolation and Identification of antibiotic produced by Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from different environments in Nasseriya city soi

Author name: ميسم كريم حسن
Supervisor name: سعد سلمان هميم | محمد حسين مشهد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The present study includes the isolation and identification of some mycoflora from 40 soil samples in six places ( Remnants of fat - born, parks, edges of the river, animal wastes, sewage and rubbish) during October 2015 - January 2016 in Nasseriya City, Iraq. According to different environmental factors, the isolated genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Sepedonium chrysospermum, Alternaria chlamydospora, Bipolaris, Chrysosporium, Candida albicans, Rhododendron flavum, Humicola, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium and Acremonium. Three isolation methods were used. Dilution method, direct plate method, alcohol and heat treatment technique using the cultural media viz. Potato Dextrose Agar ( PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Carrots Agar (PCA). Aspergillus represented the highest fungal isolates which represent 62 (37.12%). followed by Penicillium with 47 (28.14%), Mucor 22 (13.16%), Rhizopus 15 (8.98%), Cladosporium 6 (3.59%), Sepedonium chrysospermum and Alternaria chlamydospora, 3 (1.80%), Biopolaris, Chrysosporium and Candida albicans with 2 (1.20%), and finally Rhododendron flavum, Humicola, Acremonium, Fusarium and Geotrichum candidum recorded the lowest fungal isolation with one isolate for each (0.60%). The study was aimed to isolation of Penicillium from soil and assay its antibacterial activity. The results showed that dilution method gave a best fungal growth in comparison with direct plate method and alcohol and heat treatment technique in 25 ºC and pH = 6. PDA appeared as an optimum medium for isolation in comparison with other media such as SDA and PCA. The preliminary results showed that Penicillium sp. exerted antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; Therefore, this fungus was used for production of antibiotic on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. The optimum conditions were obtained at pH = 6, incubation temperature of 25 ºC and shaking rate of 180 rpm for 7 days to fermentation. Ethyl acetate was a good organic solvent to extraction of antibiotic which produced (3g/L) as white to creamy crystals. The characterization of the antibiotic product after extraction and purified by chemical methods included Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) test, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectra and Mass Spectra. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for clinical bacterial species was 1 - 10mg/ml.The PCR method used in this study utilized Internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 - 4) as a primer for identification of isolates. Two PCR products of the targeted gene of Penicillium chrysogenum isolates which locally named as (Penicillium chrysogenum F1 and Penicillium chrysogenum F2) were selected and subjected to partial DNA sequencing for the ITS gene to follow up the possible molecular relationship between these local isolates and what recorded globally in Genbank.

Predictability of the Expression of ER, PR Receptors, HER2 Marker by the Coloration with of IV Collagen Expression and AgNORs in Breast Carcinoma among Iraqi Women in Thi_Qar Providence : Immunohistochemical Study == Predictability of the Expression of ER

Author name: نجم الازيرجاوي
Supervisor name: هيفاء عبد علي الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study is adescriptive exploratory study in Thi - Qar providence for some breast cancer patients . This study aims to assess the relationship between gene expression for each type four of the collagen (IVCollagen) and gene expression positive for both estrogen receptor ER - Eestrogen - receptor and progesterone PR - Progestron receptor and fairs tumor HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor) By using chemistry of dyes immunological technique and the nuclear regulatory regions Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR(. The present study addresses the identification of the type IV collagen content in the basement membrane of epithelial tissue of the breast cancer patients in Thi qar and its relationship to nuclear organization region and maintain its relationship with hormonal receptors and progesterone genetic factor and the extent of their association with the occurrence of breast cancer.Fifty tissue samples are collected from Hussein Teaching Hospital inThi Qar and some private laboratories in the providence each case where data included that the most important factor is age, where he found that the highest percentage of injuries, age (55 - 46 years) increased by 38%. And mixed samples, either partial removal of the tumor or the eradication of whole breast. After collecting samples saved each formalin concentration of 10% for 24 hours at a minimum and then buried with parafin wax and completed the work by histological methods own work.The use of special select number of collagen type IV and determine the type of hormonal receptor positive or negative and also used several positive pathological tissues of the tumor to determine the human epidermal growth factor receptor by using silver nitrate to study the nuclear organization regions. Results of the current study showed that there is a positive relationship between collagen gene expression of type IV and between fairs oncogene(HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor), as observed the presence of collagen type IV in tissue sections of tumors with HER2 negative gene expression of genetic factor, and with the positive expression for each Estrogen receptor positive ( estrogen positive ) and progesterone receptor positive( Progstrogen positive).Results of this study also showesthe presence of collagen or lack in histological sections of the tumors with positive gene expression of the HER2 oncogene fairs as well as the non - existence of collagen in the sections taken from tumors with negative expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. The results of the current study also showed that there is a clear positive relationship between nuclear organization regions and between Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) Fairs oncogene HER2, as it was noted the presence of many of the nuclear regions of the dye - derived tissue sections of tumors with positive gene expression of the HER2 oncogene fairs, while nuclear chromosomal regions did not appear in the sections derived from tumors with negative expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone hormone. The results of the current study also showed that there is a lack of positive gene expression of collagen type IV, the presence of a number of chromosome regions nucleuse (Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR)).

دراســـــة بعض المعايـــــير الجزيئيـــــة والمناعيـــــة لبكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمعزولة محليا من الاصابات الجلدية المكتسبة مجتمعيا

Author name: هدى سعد عزاوي
Supervisor name: سلمان عزيز | سميرة كاظم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • المكورات العنقودية الذهبية
  • الخراج ونضح الجروح
  • الاصابات الجلدية
First pages:
Abstract: تعد البكتيريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين المكتسبة مجتمعيا من الكائنات المجهرية المرضية التي تسبب طيفا واسعا من الاصابات في مختلف بقاع العالم في اماكن مختلفة من جسم الانسان اذ اقترنت امراضيتها مع اصابات الجلد والانسجة الرخوة . تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على مدى انتشار هذه البكتيريا في حالات اصابة انسجة الجلد المختلفة ,واجراء تقييم جزيئي لهذه البكتيريا المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة , وتقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية في مصول المرضى . وقد اشتملت على 169 عينة اخذت من المرضى المصابين بالتهابات الجلد المختلفة كـ الدمامل والخراج الجلدي والجروح والقدم المصابة بالقرحة لدى مرضى السكري وعدوى الحروق والحصف (القوباء) واخذت من المرضى الذين يراجعون العيادات الخارجية , والمراكز الصحية , وكذلك العيادات الخاصة, لمدة امتدت اكثر من خمسة اشهر , وللفترة من تشرين الاول 2014 م وحتى اذار2015 م. تضمنت الدراسة الحالية اخذ مسحات من الجلد المصاب بالالتهابات المرضية المختلفة وعينات دم ,من بين 169 عينة ,76 عزلة فقط اثبتت عائديتها الى جنس المكورات العنقودية الذهبية وبنسبة 45% من العزلات الماخوذة من حالات مختلفة لاصابة الجلد , وكان معدل العزل العام للعنقوديات الذهبية من القدم المصابة بالقرح لدى مرضى السكري 5 عزلات بنسبة 33% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين 20% (عزلة واحدة ),اما المصابين بخراج الجلد والدمامل والقوباء الجلدي فكان معدل عزلها كالاتي (69)18 %,(55)21% , (31)9%,نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين (55.6)10% , (61.9)13%, (11.11)1% على التوالي . ان معدل عزل هذه البكتيريا من عدوى الجروح والحروق فكانت كالاتي (32)11%, (44)12% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين منها (72.7)8%% (16.6)2, على التوالي . ان العزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المكتسبة مجتمعيا مقاومة لجميع مضادات البيتالاكتام وغير مقاومة للمضادات الحيوية التي لا تنتمي الى هذه المجموعة. اجري الكشف الوراثي باستعمال تقنية سلسلة تفاعلات البلمرة polymerase chain reaction اذ شخصت العزلات الخمسة والثلاثين باستعمال 3 جينات وهم mec Agene وهو الجين الخاص بالمقاومة للمثيسيلين , وكان عدد العزلات الحاملة لهذا الجين 22 عزلة من اصل 35 عزلة وبنسبة 62% . واخضعت العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين الى عملية تعريف للقطعة الكروموسومية النوع الرابعSCCmec IV اذ يعد هذا النوع سمة تفريقية للعزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمكتسبة في المجتمع ، اذ وجدت بنسبة 100 % . كذلك تم التحري عن امكانية تواجد مورثة الذيفان الخارجي Panton Valatine leukocidine ( pvl ) باستعمال تقنية تفاعلات البلمرة PCR اذ شخص في 19 عزلة بكتيرية بنسبة 54% ، اقترن وجود السم بالاخص مع حالات الاصابة بالدمامل والخراج والجروح . اجريت الفحوصات المناعية عند المصابين بالتهاب انسجة الجلد , وذلك من خلال تقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية مثل IL - 8 وLTB - 4 باستعمال طريقة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم Enzyme linked Immune Sorbant assay وقد لوحظ زيادة معنوية في تراكيزها في مصول المرضى مقارنة بعامل السيطرة . | Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic micro - organism that cause a wide spectrum of infections in different sites of the human body where their pathogenicity is related to skin and soft tissue infection. This study is aimed to explore the role of this bacteria in different cases of skin infections.The genetic structure of these isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus was also one of this study targets to evaluate immunological response by measurement of concentration of some cytokines as indicator of immune response. One hundred sixty nine patients with different cases of skin infection were enrolled in this study by taking one skin swab from each patient with different skin infection as Furuncle, boil, wound infection, impetigo and burns infection. All these cases were taken from out - patient clinics and private clinic along 5 months period from October 2014 to march 2015 in AL - Najaf Province , From the 169 swab samples only 76 swabs were shown to be positive Staphylococcus aureus with percent 45%.The percent of isolates of S. aureus from different cases of skin infection (5) isolates from diabetic foot with 20% of them are Methicillin resistant (one isolate) and skin abscess, boil, and impetigo were 18(69%),21(55%),9(31%)from which methicillin resistant were 10(55.6%), 13(61%) and 1(11.11%) respectively Percent of isolates from wound &burns infection were 11(32%) and 12(44%) and methicillin resistant isolates were 8 (72.7%) and 2(16.6%) respectively . The process of diagnosis of methicillin - resistant isolates was performed by using sensitivity test for cifoxitin following (CLSI,2014) instruction . Only 35 isolate showed resistant to methicillin when Cefoxitin disk was used then antibiotic sensitive test for other antibiotic disks done., Isolates of CA - MRSA showed resistant to all β - Lactam antibiotics and also to other drugs that are not belonged to this type of antibiotics. Genetic study was evaluated by using PCR technique to diagnosis the following genes in 35 isolates : mecA gene : which is considered responsible for methicillin resistant ,it was found that only 22 from 35 isolates (62%)carrying the gene. SCCmec IV gene which restricted only to Community acquired isolates of Staphylococci were explored in the isolates which considered a diagnostic character for Community acquired Staphylococci and this gene was found in 100% of isolates . Exotoxin panton - valatine toxin also diagnosed in 19 isolates with percent 54% in isolates of S. aureus using PCR technique. This exotoxin was produced in cases of Furuncle, skin abscess, and wound infection . Immunological test was introduced in this study to evaluate the innate immune response by measuring the concentration of Cytokines IL - 8&LTB4 which showed significant elevation in their concentration in comparison with healthy persons.

دراسة بعض العوامل البيئية المؤثرة في بعض انواع القشريات في نهر الكوفة == Study Som of Enviromental factors offecting Some Crustacea species in the Kufa river

Author name: ايمان حساني شباط السلامي
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على انواع القشريات وانتشارها في نهر الكوفة , وتاثير بعض العوامل البيئية على تواجدها , اذ جمعت عينات الدراسة شهريا للمدة من اب 2014 لغاية تموز 2015 من ثلاث محطات , الاولى : تقع شمال جسر الامام علي (عليه السلام) والثانية قرب مبزل ميسان والمحطة الثالثة قرب جسر الكوفة القديم ( قريبة من دار ضيافة المحافظة ) , اذ قيست العوامل البيئية الفيزياوية والكيمياوية مثل درجة الحرارة والاس الهيدروجيني والاوكسجين المذاب والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين والتوصيلية الكهربائية والكدرة , والعسرة الكلية وايون الكالسيوم . تراوحت الحدود الدنيا والعليا لحرارة الهواء 14.3) - 42.6 ) مo وحرارة الماء (13 - 30.4) مo والاس الهيدروجيني 6.8) - 9.6 ) والاوكسجين الذائب 2.9) - 9.1 ) ملغم / لتر والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين 0.7) - 4.7 ) ملغم / لتر والتوصيلية الكهربائية 1162) - 2055 ) مايكروسيمنز/ سم والملوحة 0.7) - 1.31 ) جزء بالالف والكدرة 1.4) - 17.5) نفثالين وحدة كدرة والعسرة الكلية 210) - 930 ) ملغم / لتر وايون الكالسيوم 119 ) - 380 ) ملغم / لتر . تم خلال الدراسة الحالية تسجيل جديد لنوعين من القشريات الكبيرة لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة وهما الروبيان النهري Macrobrachium nipponense والسرطان النهري Potamon magnum اللذان يعودان الى رتبة عشارية الاقدام Decapoda , اذ سجل اعلى كثافة للروبيان النهري 63.58 ) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر تشرين الاول واختفى في محطات الدراسة جميعها في شهر كانون الثاني وشباط , بينما سجل اعلى كثافة للسرطان النهري 32.89) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر نيسان . وتم تشخيص 32 وحدة تصنيفية تعود الى رتبتين من القشريات الصغيرة , وهي رتبة Cladocera ورتبة Copepoda اذ وجد ان رتبة Cladocera هي الاكثر وفرة وغزارة في محطات الدراسة اذ تضم خمسة وعشرون نوعا , بينمراتبة Copepoda تضم سبعة انواع.تم تشخيص ثمانية اجناس من رتبة متفرعة اللوامس Cladocera وهي Bosmina , Daphnia , Ceriodaphnia , Simocephalus , Alona , Chydorus , Macrothrix وMonia , في جميع محطات الدراسة , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هي جنس Bosmina وDaphnia بينما سجل الجنسين Macrothrix وMonia اقل كثافة اذ اختفت في معظم اشهر الدراسة وفي جميع محطات الدراسة. وتم تشخيص اربعة اجناس من رتبة مجذافية الاقدام Copepoda وهي Cyclops , Diaptomus , Microcyclops , Macrocyclops , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هو جنس Cyclops ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اقل كثافة هو جنس Diaptomus . وتم تسجيل جديد لاحدى عشر نوع من القشريات الصغيرة Microcrustacea لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة تعود لرتبتين هما Cladocera وCopepoda وهذه الانواع هي umholtzil Daphnia , Daphnia galeata , Daphnia magna , Daphnia retrocurva , Simocephalus sexpinosus , Alona affinis , Chydorus gibbus , Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous , Macrocyclops albidus , Microcyclops sp . , اظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود علاقة ارتباط بين كثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية المقاسة شهريا ولمدة عام , كذلك لوحظ وجود فروق معنوية بين اشهر ومحطات الدراسة بالنسبة لكثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية عند مستوى P ≤ 0.05 . | This study was conducted to identify the types of Crustaceans and distribution in Al - Kufa River and the effect of some environmental factors on their presence , Study samples were collected monthly for the period from August 2014 to July 2015 of three stations, the first station is located north bridge Imam Ali , the second near the Missan trocar and the third station near old Kufa bridge . The Environmental factors, were measured ( physical and chemical) such as temperature , pH , dissolved oxygen, , electrical conductivity, salinity , turbidity ,total hardness (T . H) and calcium ion. Lower and upper limits for air temperature ranged from (14.3 - 42.6) Co and water temperature (13 - 30.4) C0 , pH (6.8 - 9.6) , dissolved oxygen (2.9 - 9.1) mg / L , the biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (0.7 - 4.7) mg / L), electrical conductivity (1162 - 2055) µs/ cm and salinity (0.7 - 1.31) ppt , turbidity (1.4 - 17.5) NTU, total hardness (210 - 930) mg / L and calcium ion ( 119 - 380) mg / L. During the current study, a new record of two species of Macrocrustaceans for the first time in AL - Kufa River Macrobrachium nipponense and river crab Potamon magnum which they return to the Order Decapoda, The highest density was recorded for the M. nipponense (63.58) individual / m 3 in the first station in October month and disappeared in the study, all stations at January and February, months , while the highest density of river crab P. magnum record (32.89) individual / m 3 in the first station in April month. in this study diagnosed 32 taxonomic unit return to Microcrustacea : Cladocera and Copepoda orders , also cladocera reverded where found that the most abundant and the abundance of plants in the study are Cladocera rank as comprising twenty - five type, while Copepoda rank of seven . Diagnosed eight genus belong to the Cladocera such as Bosmina, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Simocephalus, Alona, Chydorus, Macrothrix, Monia, in all study stations, The genera Bosmina and Daphnia recorded high density while Macrothrix and Monia recorded low density which disappeared in the most study month in all study stations. Also four genera of the Copepoda were diagnose such as Cyclops, Diaptomus, Microcyclops and Macrocyclops, and genus Cyclops record high density while the genus Diaptomus recorded low density. eleven species of Microcrustacea were recorded for the first time in AL - Kufa River belonging to the Cladocera and Copepoda orders and these species are Daphnia umholtzil, Daphnia galeata, Daphnia magna, Daphnia retrocurva, Simocephalus sexpinosus, Alona affinis, Chydorus gibbus, Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous, Macrocyclops albidus, and Microcyclops sp. Statistical analysis showed a correlation relationship between the density of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors measured per month for one year, also noted that there were significant differences between months and study stations for the intensity of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors at P ≤ 0.05

دراسة تاثـير المستخلصات المائيـة لنباتي الليمـون الحامـض والسعـد في ذكور الجرذان البيض السليمة والمصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري == Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Citrus limon and Cyperus rotandus in alloxan induced in Diabetic Male Albino Rats

Author name: زهراء كريـم عبد الله حسن الميالي
Supervisor name: زينب شنيور مهـدي الطرفـي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: داء السكري هو اضطراب ايضي مزمن يتصف بارتفاع سكر الدم مع اضطراب في ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتين نتيجة لخلل في افراز الانسولين من قبل البنكرياس ، او تاثيره الحيوي اوكليهما، يشكل هذا الداء تهديد خطير ومتزايد على حياة الكثير من الناس ويعد المشكلة الرئيسية التي تودي بحياة الملايين، وما للنباتات الطبية اثر مهم في صحة الانسان كونها مصدرا مهما للعديد من الادوية والمستحضرات الطبية , وتكمن الفائدة الطبية لهذه النباتات في قابليتها على انتاج العديد من المركبات الكيميائية ذات الخصائص الصيدلانية التي تدخل كمادة اولية او عوامل مساعدة في صناعة الادوية ولكثرة استخدام الاعشاب (النباتات الطبية) في الوقت الراهن بوصفها الطب البديل جاءت هذه الدراسة . اجريت هذه الدراسة الحالية في كلية التربية للبنات / جامعة الكوفة للمدة من 2014/10/1 م ولغاية 2015/5/30 م وتضمنت الدراسة تحضير المستخلص المائي الحارلكلا النباتين (بذور الليمون الحامض Citrus limon ودرنات السعد (Cyperus rotundusوقد تضمنت الدراسة متابعة (42) حيوان من ذكور الجرذان البيض ، وتم تقسيمها الى سبعة مجاميع تضمنت كل مجموعة ستة ذكور ، اذ جرعت المجموعة الاولى فمويا بمحلول الملحي الفسيولوجي حسب وزن الجسم واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة (سالبة) ، اما المجموعة الثانية فقد حقنت تحت الجلد بالالوكسان (1 مل) واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة مصابة (موجبة)، اما المجموعة الثالثة فقد جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم ، والمجموعة الرابعة جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد حسب وزن الجسم ، والمجوعة الخامسة فحقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم، والمجموعة السادسة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم تم تجريعها فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) حسب وزن الجسم ، واخيرا المجموعة السابعة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا بعقار الاميرال (Glimepiride) بتركيز (0.1) ، علما ان التجريع قد استمر لمدة ثلاثين يوما كاملا وبواقع مرة واحدة يوميا .وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ما يلي :  حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في وزن الجسم واوزان الاعضاء (البنكرياس والكبد والكلية) لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة(المحقونة بالالوكسان) عند مقارنتها بالمجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي، وعلى النقيض من ذلك فقد اظهر وزن الجسم وكذلك اوزان الاعضاء ارتفاعا معنويا (P< 0.05) لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة.  وجود انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وكريات الدم الحمر وتركيز الهيموغلوبين والصفيحات الدموية عند الحيوانات المصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، على العكس من ذلك حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستويات الكلوكوز ، الكولسترول الكلي الكليسيريدات الثلاثية ، والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة والواطئة الكثافة جدا وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستوى البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وكذلك حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في المعايير المذكورة اعلاه وارتفاع في البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . وحصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات الكبدية ALT, AST وALp والبلروبين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات اعلاه في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05)في مستوى البروتين الكلي والالبومين والكلوبيولين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول ارتفاع معنوي(P< 0.05) في في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . اشارت نتائج الدراسة النسجية للكبد حصول تغير نسجي للكبد في حالة ارتفاع السكر بالدم تمثل بحصول توسع بسيط بالجيبانيات ،واحتقان دموي مع حدوث تنخر للخلايا الكبدية ونزف فيها ، وظهور مناطق التهابية عدة واستسقاء مائي وبعد معاملة المجموعة المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للخلايا الكبدية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للكلية حصول تغير نسيجي فيها في حالة ارتفاع الكلوكوز بالدم والمتمثل بخروج الانوية من الكبيبة الكلوية وتجمعها في اماكن متفرقة خارج الكبيبة وكذلك وجود نزف وتحطم في جدران الكبيبة والاوعية الدموية الموجودة ضمنها وتحطم واضح للقشرة الكلوية وعند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للكلية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للبنكرياس حصول تغير في التركيب النسيجي للبنكرياس في حالة الاصابة بالسكري نتيجة الحقن بمادة الالوكسان تتمثل بوجود النزف الحاد في جميع مناطقها وحصول توسع وتحطم في الخلايا وعدم انتظام اشكالها وانحلال الانوية وخروجها من اماكنها الصحيحة ولكن عند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للبنكرياس.وقد سجلت النتائج جميعا بشكل عام تاثيرا افضل للمستخلص النباتي لبذور الليمون الحامض قياسا بدرنات السعد والدرنات افضل من العقار في تخفيض سكر الدم اضافة الى تحسين الاضطرابات الايضية المتسببة عن داء السكري المستحدث بعقار الالوكسان . | Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect in Insulin secretion from the pancreas, insulin action or both, with disturbances in (carbohydrates, lipid and protein) metabolic due to a defect in Insulin secretion, Insulin action or both. This disease is a serious and growing threat to the lives of many people , it isthe main problem which cause death to millions,The medical plants have important impact on human health as an important source of many medicines and medical products. The medical advantage of these plants lies in their ability to produce many of the characteristics that the pharmaceutical intervention have as a primary material or contributing factors in the pharmaceutical industry chemical compounds. The frequent use of herbs (medical plants) at the present time as alternative medicine, as came in this study.This study was conducted at the Faculty of Education /University of Kufa during the period from2/10/ 2014 to 30/5/ 2015. The study included the preparation of aqueous extractsofCitrus lemonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuber. Also the study includedthe use ofaqueous extractsofCitrus lemon at concentration (500) mg/kg andCyperus rotundus at concentration (750) mg/kgineach dosageaccording to the body weight of the albino rats (Ratus ratus). The study includes (42) white malerats divided into seven groups with six rat in each group and they were injected according to their weight in the following way : the first group was orally dosed with physiological saline and it was considered as a control(negative), the second group was injected with alloxan (1ml.) and were considered as infected control group (positive). The third group were also dosed orally with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg). The fourth group was dosed orally with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The fifth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg) concentration. The sixth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The seventh group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with Glimepiride with (0.1) concentration. The dosing continued for 30 days.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in total body weight and organ weight such as pancreas, liver and kidney in uninfected control(Negative) when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber respectively, also,the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, we alsofound a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the above criteria in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in the total WBC and RBC count , and the hemoglobin concentration platelets in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treat with Amyral and the group that were injected with alloxan and that which was treated with hot aqueous extracts of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the above criteriain diabeticanimalsgroup compared with healthy control group, we also found a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) was clear in the levels of glucose , total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein , very low density lipoprotein and a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in high density lipoprotein in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively.Also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber, a significant decrease (P< 0.05) was clear in the above criteria and significant increasein high density lipoprotein in diabeticanimalsshown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes(ALT , AST ,ALP, Bilirubin) in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes in diabeticanimals, a significant decrease (P< 0.05). The effectiveness of the above enzymes in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extract when compared with the positive control group.  The presented histological study of the liver refers to the histological changes in the liver in the state of hyperglycemia that is represented by the expansion of sinusoid, blood accumulation, necrosis and bleeding in hepatocyte, presence of many inflammation areas, watery dropsically but when treating diabetic animals by aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon andCyperusrotundus), it wasnoted thatthey returned back to the normal shape of hepatocyte. The histological study of the kidneyrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in the kidney in the state of hyperglycemia that were represented by getting out the nucleus from glomerulous and aggregation in many area out theglomeruli, also, the bleeding or the destruction of glomerulous wall with blood vessels, the present distraction in kidney cortex but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape of kidney. The histological study of the pancreasrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in infected diabetic animals by (alloxan) which represented an acute bleeding in all regions, destruction and expansion in kidney cells, abnormal shape, nucleus degenerative and leaving the true area but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape ofpancreas.In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the Citrus limonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuberextracts gave good results, even better than the reference drug Amyral for loweringbloodsugar, in addition to improvingmetabolic disorderscaused byalloxan induced-diabetes

معاملة بذور الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. بحامض السالسياليك واثرها في تحمل الشد المائي المستحث بمادة الكلايكول متعدد الاثلين == The treatment of Corn seeds (Zea mays L.) with salicylic acid and its effects on drought tolerance induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Author name: وسن فوزي عبد الحسین
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study was conducted in Plant physiology laboratory, department of biology, college of education for pure sciences, University of Basrah from 1/6/2015 till 10/7/2016 in order to evaluate the effect ofpretreatment (soaking) seeds of corn (Zea mays L.) cv. Baghdad 3with salicylic acid (SA) on germination, early seedlings growth and to minimize the effect of water stress induced with poly ethylene glycol (PEG). The study included the following experiments : 1 - Effect of SA and PEG on germination using a hydroponic culture and Hoagland solution in which corn seeds were soaked in three concentrations (0.1,0.3,0.5) mMof SA in addition to control treatment with distilled water for six hours. Water stress were induced with PEG at concentrations of 0 (distilled water),1%,2%,3%,6%,9% and 12%. This experiment indicated that the optimum soaking concentration with SA was 0.5 mM and that there was no germination at 12% PEG.2 - Effect of interaction between corn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5mM of SA for six hoursand PEG at all previous concentrations except 12%, on early corn seedlings growth using hydroponic culture and Hoagland nutrient solution, for three weeks.3 - Effect of interaction betweencorn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5 mM of SA for six hoursand water stress induced with PEG at 3% and 6% on vegetative growth using pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat moss for three months.The parameters were evaluated after each of the previous experiments, also , Biochemical test . Plant height, leaves number, root length and number, dry and fresh weight for shoot and roots, while the followingparameters were evaluated in corn leaves after pots experiment : 1 - Biochemical tests included : proline and glycine betain concentrations, total carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, sodium and potassium ions concentrations.2 - Leaves anatomical study to compare the effect of PEG inducedwater stress and the role of its interaction with pretreatment with SA on thegrowth and development of internal structure of corn leaves.The following results were estimated : 1 - Germination percentage : increasing water stress in the nutrient media reduced the % germination significantly when compared with control treatment. Seeds pretreatment with SA enhanced the germination percent and the highest percent was at interaction between PEG at 1%, 2% and SA at 0.5 mM.2 - Growth parameters for seedling at hydroponic culture indicated that plant height, fresh and dry weight for shoot and roots have increased significantly when seeds were pretreated with 0.5 Mm SA All theprevious parameters were reduced significantly under PEG induced waterstress especially at 9%. Interaction between SAand PEG caused apositive significant increases in all studied parameters especially atconcentrations less than 6% and 9% PEG.3 - Growth parameters for corn plants grown at pots have showed a significant increase when pretreated with SA compared with that treated with DW. PEG caused a significant decrease in the growth parameters IIIespecially at 6%. Interaction between DW and 6% PEG recorded the lowest growth in all studied parameters. 4 - Biochemical tests : There was a significant increase in total carbohydrates and total chlorophyll content in leaves of corn plants pretreated with SA in compare with that pretreatdwith DW while the content of proline and glycine betaine were higher significantly in leaves pretreated with DW.In case of PEG induced water stress, the highest total carbohydrates content was at 6%, highest chlorophyll content at 3% while proline and glycine betaine highest content were at 6% PEG. 5 - Sodium and Potassium Concentration : The highest potassium concentration was at plant treated with SA while the highest sodium concentration was at plant treated with DW. Increasing PEG concentrations caused a significant increase in potassium concentration and a significant decrease in sodium concentration. Interaction results revealed that the highest potassium and the lowest sodium concentrations were at interaction between SA and PEG at 6%. 6 - Anatomical study results revealed that increasing water stress effected the leaves tissues structures and this were cleared at vascular bundles tissues (xylem and phloem tissues) and bundle sheath. Upper and lower epidermis, polliform cells were also affected by increasing water stress.The anatomy of leaves also showed that there was a positive enhancement in the structure of leaves tissues in the plants grown from pretreated seeds with SA.

دور مستارجات حشرتي الصرصر الامريكي Periplaneta mericana والبعوض Culex pipiens على فرط التحسس من النوع الاول وعلاقتها مع بعض الائل مستضدات معقد التوافق النسيجي من الصنف الثاني

Author name: هدى كاظم كريم الموسوي
Supervisor name: فوزية علي عبد الله | ضياء خليف كريم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed to verify the distribution of Periplaneta americana and Culex pipiens allergy and its association with some HLA class II alleles in asthmatic and allergic patients. 96 healthy (control ) and 96 suspected allergic individuals from the same geographical region ,paired by sex and age were included in this study. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test (ELISA) was used to estimate the total and specific IgE antibodies in the sera of studied individuals. The detection of the HLA - DQB1*0602, HLADQB1* 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).The results of total IgE based ELISA which was conducted on 96 suspected allergic and24 healthy (control ) individuals revealed that there was extremely significant statistical association (P<0.0001) for total IgE concentration with being allergic or non allergic status of individuals. The overall frequency of higher total IgE antibody concentration ( IgE>200IU/ml) was observed in 72.9% of allergic patients and lower serum total IgE levels (IgE<200IU/ml) were associated with 87.5% of healthy individuals. According to the specific IgE based ELISA results the effect of allergic patients age on the IgE seropositivity against cockroach allergens was not considered to be significant(p>0.05),but the effect of sex was statistically significant)P<0.05(.There was no significant effect( p>0.05)for patients age and sex on the distribution of IgE antibodies against mosquito allergens. Out of 96 allergic patients, 59 (61.5%)and 62(64.6%)showed positive IgE antibody response against cockroach and mosquito allergens respectively. Concerning the PCR results the overall frequency of HLA - DQB1*0602 and HLA - DQB1*0604 alleles was %35.6 and %15.3 of cockroach allergic patients respectively and the HLA - DRB1*12 allele was not observed in these patients..Out of 62 mosquito allergic patients, 8(%12.9)showed HLA - DQB1 * 0602 positive results while HLA - DQB1*0604 allele was observed in 4(%6.5)patients and the HLA - DRB1*12 allele was not observed in these patients.The difference in the genotypig results was extremely highly significant(χ2 : 0.030;17.486; degrees of freedom(DF) : 3;p - value=0.00056136) between cockroach and mosquito allergic patients .The association between the presence HLA - DQB1 *0602 , HLA - DQB1 * 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 and total IgE based ELISA results in allergic patients and healthy individuals revealed that the percentage of HLA - DQB1 * 0602, HLA - DQB1 * 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in patients having total IgE lower total IgE )IgE<200 IU/ml) was higher than that of high )IgE>200 IU/ml) total IgE patients where HLA - DQB1*0602 appeared in high percentage(69.2%) followed by percentage (15.4 %( of HLA - DQB1* 0604 presence. . The relationship of HLA - DQB1and HLADRB1 alleles with the results of total IgE based ELISA was statistically significant in the least(χ2 : 60.756 and the degree of freedom (DF) : 5;p= P<0.00001) and greatest(χ2 : 11.806 ; the degree of freedom (DF) : 5 ; p = 0.037544) than 200 IU / ml, values .Depending on the association between the presence of HLADQB1* 0602 ,HLA - DQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 and positive or negative specific results of cockroach or mosquito allergens specific IgE based ELISA results in allergic patients revealed that the percentage of HLA - DQB*0602,HLA - DQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in cockroach allergic patients having positive results were higher than those ratios that have been observed in patients with negative ELISA results where HLA - DQB1*0602 appeared in high percentage)35.6%( followed by percentage( 15.3% )of HLA - DQB1*0604 . The relationship of HLADQB1and HLA - DRB1 alleles with the results of specific IgE based ELISA was statistically significant (χ2 : 10.412; DF : 3; p - value =0.01536989).Incontrast the percentage of HLA - DQB1*0602,HLADQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in mosquito allergic patients was found to be higher in negative ELISA results patients also the relationship of these HLA - DQB1 alleles with mosquito allergen specific IgE based ELISA results was not considared statistically significant (χ2 : 3.115 ;DF : 3 and p= 0.37423205).However HLA - DQB1 * 0602 allele was found in the highest percentage (20.6%), followed by allele HLA - DQB1 * 0604 (8.8%).Concerning the presence of HLA - DQB1*0602 ,HLA - DQB1*0604 andHLA - DRB1*12 in cockroach or mosquito allergic patients and healthy individuals,the HLA - DRB1*12 and HLA - DQB1*0602 allels were not found in healthy individuals.The genotyping results difference between cockroach allergic patients and healthy individuals was considered statistically extremely significant (χ2 : 74.485 ;DF : 5 and p =0) as well as the difference in the results of the genotyping of mosquitoes allergic patients and healthy people was statistically with very high significant (χ2 : 23.342 ; DF : 5 and p = 0.00029035).

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية وبيئية للدور اليرقي بعد المذنبة لمثقوبة العين Diplostomum على ثلاثة انواع من اسماك نهر كرمة علي في محافظة البصرة == Morphological, Molecular and Ecological Studies of the larval stage (metacercaria) of eye trematode Diplostomum on three fish species from Garmat Ali River, Basrah Province

Author name: هاجر رزاق منهل
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين حبش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الحساسية الغذائية للروبيان : دراسة وبائية ومناعية وجزيئية في محافظة البصرة جنوب العراق == Food allergy of shrimp : Epidemiological,Immunological and Molecular Study inBasra Province, Southern of Iraq

Author name: نور جاسم علي جودة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A total of 210 human venous blood samples were collected from Basrah province ( 190 randomly collected from people living in different regions of Basrah province , 10 blood samples from people who did not have a history of shrimp consumption or dealing with it used as negative control group, anther 10 samples of people who are sensitive to shrimp used as a positive control group). The samples were serologically tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to estimate the distribution of total and specificIgE in the sera of studied individuals . Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the HLA - DQB1*02 , *0302 , *0305 allels. The immunological study included the preparation of two types of Metapenaeus affinis allergens which are the raw allergens and the boiled allergens used in Indirect ELISA test to determin shrimp food allergies by serodiagnosis , while Direct ELISA test was used to estimate the distribution of total IgE by quantitative serological methods in the sera of studied samples. the concentration of protein in antigens extracts was estimated, the protein concentration in the boiled shrimp extract was less than its concentration in the raw extract.The results of direct ELISA test demonstrated a decrease in the level of total IgE antibodies in most of the studied samples , the level of IgE <100 recorded a significant high rate 98.4% which is more than the level of IgE > 100 which recorded apercentage of 1.6% and there was a significant difference between them. The Indirect ELISA test results revealed that the total percentage of IgE distribution of the raw and boiled shrimp antigens were 57.8% and 74.2% respectively and there was a significant difference between males and females .However , the difference was not significant between the age groups P>0.05.The molecular study was conducted to detect the presence of some alleles HLADQB1* 02, *0302, *0305 gene in the blood samples by using PCR . The current study showed that the association of the presence of these alleles and the level of total immunoglobulin is highly significant.Also the current study showed that a high significant difference was found between the positive samples to the studied alleles and the seropositive and seronegative results of raw and boild shrimp allergen specific IgE based on Indirect ELISA (P≤0.01).The results of PCR showed a high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 * 0302 97.2% in allergic patients of shrimp boild allergen and 56.9% in allergic patients of shrimp raw allergen .Also the current study showed a very high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 *0305 98.2% in the individuals who showed positive results for the raw allergen and recorded 65.2%. in the individuals who showed positive results for the boild allergen ,while HLADQB1*02 showed in one sample of studied samples which recorded positive results to raw and boild allergens of shrimp .The current study demonstrated also that the alleles frequency in some of studied samples which are seronegative by Indirect ELISA test , HLADQB1*0302 was 30.9% in raw antigens, while in the negative boild sample was not observed . HLADQB1*0305 was 1.23% in serongative of raw allergen and 16.32% in boild allergen. However, HLADQB1*02 was notobserved in seronagative to raw and boild shrimp allergen.

حياتية القوقع الدخيل Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 في شط العرب - محافظة البصرة == Biological of the Invasive Snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822

Author name: نادية جعفر كاظم البغدادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was concerned with some biological aspects of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) and for this purpose, monthly samples from Shatt Al - Arab banks in the area of Al - Salhia were collected during the period from October 2014 to September 2015. The study included the monthly variations in the density of snail , its egg masses and the population sizes. In the laboratory, the study included many aspects, these are the relationships between female weight with some measurements of its egg masses, embryonic development duration, hatching percentages under different temperatures, food consumption, salt acclimatization, growth under combined effect of salinity and temperature, effect of food type on growth of newly hatched snails and examine samples of snail to detect the infection with parasites if present. The density of the snail was ranged from four to 13 ind. /m2 recorded during January - February 2015 and October 2014 respectively, while the mean density of egg masses was from two to nine egg mass / m2 recorded during April 2015 and October 2014. The statistical analysis showed that the temperature had positive correlated with density of each of snails and its egg masses. On the otherhand, there are positive correlation between the density of each snail and its egg masses. The snails, which had been collected during the study period, were 19 - 68 mm in length, these measurements were classifying into five size classes. The size class 35 - 45 mm was dominanted for nine months, compared with the size class 55 - 65 mm that had less occurrence.The diameter of eggs varied from 2.5 - 4 mm. The 25°C is the most suitable temperature to get a high percentage of hatching and a short period of embryonic development. There was no significant correlation between the weight of the female and the number of its egg masses.The feeding experiment showed that the amount of food consumed lettuce mild during the study period 30 days by one individual ranged from 3 - 29g. The results of the acclimatization was referred to the ability of all size classes' snails to tolerate the low salinity 2.5 psu with 100% survival percentage, while the snails of size classes at least 10 mm and 10 - 25mm were able to tolerate the salinity of 11psu with 10% and 50% respectivly survival.There are variable effects of the combination of temperature and salinity on growth of newly hatched snails for 9 weeks experiment, these effects were reflected on the weight, length and width, and the highest of these measurements were recorded for snails of 2.5 psu - 27°C combination, while the lowest one was recorded in 7.5 psu - 10°C. The lowest survival percentage was 5% recorded for the individuals of 7.5 psu - 27 and 32°C, compared with 90% of distil water - 17°C. On the other hand, the optimum growth was in 2.5 psu all temperatures, while the optimum growth was in all salinities, and temperature of 27°C.The experimental study of five types of food fresh celery, fresh lettuce, fish food, mixed food and animal protein)on growth of newly hatched snails for 9 weeks. Showed that the mean weight, length and width of snails were depending on the food type. The mixed food gave significant increase in growth 382.1 mg weight, 10.10mm length and7.58mm width compared with the other types of food.The highest survival percentage 95% was recorded for the snails fed on celery, lettuce and fish food. The present study on the snail P. canaliculata does not record any infection by the larvae of parasites

حساسية وخصوصية تقنية تفاعل السلسلة المتبلمرة Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR وبعض الطرق المصلية في الكشف عن الاصابت بطفيلي Toxoplasma gondii في النساء المجهضات وازواجهن == Sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique and some Serological methods in the detection of the infection with parasite Toxoplasma gondii in women with recurrent miscarriage and their husban

Author name: فيحاء نوري عبد الحسن
Supervisor name: صبيح هليل المياح | شيماء جبار ريسان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Atotal of 300 blood samples were collected from abortifacients women and their husbands who consalted Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Maysan province and private laboratories in Basra during the period from July 2015 to October 2015, In the same time 50 samples of uninfected males and femals were collected and used as a control groupAtotal of 300 blood samples were collected from abortifacients women and their husbands who consalted Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Maysan province and private laboratories in Basra during the period from July 2015 to October 2015, In the same time 50 samples of uninfected males and femals were collected and used as a control group . The examination by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) demonstrated that 160 (53.3%) of these samples were positive for toxoplasmosis , at rate of 53.3% , IgG antibody recorded an increase in percentage comparing with IgM and IgG + IgM together , IgG antibody recorded increase in the 138 samples at rate % In PCR technique two genes B1 and Tghsp70 were used to diagnose the same samples for the first time in Iraq and showed highest sensitivity (90.7%) . However age group 31 - 35 years recorded a high percentage of infection (90.5%) . The sensitivity of LAT test for detection of the toxoplasmosis was 80% , ELFA test recorded sensitivity 53.3% and PCR 90.7% with specificity were 60%, 53,3% and 70.7% respectively . Also the concentration of heat shock protein HSP70 in abortifacients of women and their husbands has been estimated , according to concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320(ng/ml).II SummaryWhen examined used by ( LAT) test the results showed that males differ fromfemales with a significant difference P≤0.05 , the rate of males were 70% in theconcentration 160ng/ml , But it was observed that women with recurrent abortion, had higher rate 30.8% with high significant difference at the level of probabilityP≤0.01 in the concentration 80ng/ml , compared with males . The results of theage groups showed had highest levels of heat shock protein HSP70 were in theage group (>40) years at rate 66.7% in a concentration 320ng/ml and with highsignificant difference P≤0.01 compared with other age groups, While the agegroup (20 - 25) years had higher rate 11.4% in concentration 20ng/ml comparedwith other age groups , also the age group (26 - 30) years had higher rate 23.3%and 56.7% in concentrations of 80ng/ml and 160ng/ml respectively comparedwith other age groups.The results of estimated heat shock protein for the samples examined by ELFAtest showed that husbands were different from their wives and had higherrate75% with high significant difference P≤0.01 in concentration 160ng/ml .While the ratio of females were 37.5% in the concentration 320ng/ml higher thanthe males with a significant difference P≤0.05 , Also the result showed highsignificant difference P≤0.01 in concentration 160ng/ml and 320ng/ml betweenthe age groups , the age group (35 - 31) years had higher rate 66.7% inconcentration 160ng/ml and the age group (>40) years in concentration320ng/ml had higher rate 66.7%.As well the results of estimated heat shock protein HSP70 of the samplestested by PCR assay in the current study showed a significant difference P≤0.05between males and females , while the ratio of males at rate 59.4% higher thanthe ratio of women in a concentration 160ng/ml , but the rate of women understudy in concentrations 40ng/ml and 80ng/ml were at rate 11.8% and 27.2% ,respectively higher than the males with high significant difference P≤0.0 , onthe other hand no significant difference showed in this study between males andfemales in concentrations 20ng/ml and 320ng/ml , but the results showed thatage group (>40) years had higher rate 66.7% in the concentration 160ng/mlcompared with other age groups . While the age groups (20 - 25) years had higherrate 22.9% in concentration 80ng/ml compared with other age groups . So theage group (36 - 40) years had higher rate 14.3% in concentration 20ng/mlcompared with other age groups .Ministry of Higher Education University of Basrah Sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique and some

التشخيص المظهري والتغاير الوراثي لذباب القرعيات Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922 في محافظتي البصرة وميسان == Morphological identification and genetic variation of cucurbit fly Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922 in Basrah and Missan provinces

Author name: فاطمة قاسم حمدان
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is identified (morphologic and molecular )for the population of cucurbit fly which is a destructive pest of cucumber ,honey melon and cantaloupe in Basrah and Missan .Sample were collected from different region from Basrah province including Qurna , Safwan , Zubair , Khor Al - Zubair . Al - Misharah , Kumate , Kalat Salih, Ali Al - Garbi in Missan province for the period October ,2014 till September 2015.Result of the identification study showed there is only one species infect cucurbits which is Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922,family Tephritidae ,Order Diptera in all studied regions. This species was classified according to femur color of the middle leg ,its color is orange at the apical half with dark black spot at the basal part of the antenna with the presence of basal diagonal line underneath the scutum behind the thorax. female were characterized by the presence of ovipositor at the end of the abdomen and male characterized by present s one line of hair at the third of the abdomen ring .For the sensitivity of the insect fly cucurbits towards our fruits of cucurbits (cucumber and water melon represented by the number of eggs laid down by the female as it appeared no significant difference in the number of eggs laid down by the female in the provinces of Basra, Maysan and was the highest rate of lay eggs on the fruits of cucumbers choice of six eggs and a difference of moral on water option, which amounted to one egg.Molecular study show the kit equipped Bioneer company and named Genomic DNA Extraction kit was highly efficient in DNA Extraction it was later used in the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction which is one of the methods used in molecular identification .Used four primers for different sequence s. and electrophoresis results shows multiplied bands of different molecular weight for four different primers for both females and males .The number and molecular weight of bands was calculated manually comparative with DNA marker or ladder then used the number of bands in the following equation to find the genetic similarity and genetic distance between the different districts each primer for males and females .To find genetic similarity used the equation : Sfy=2Nfy/Nf+ Ny and to findgenetic distance used the equation : GD fy=1 - SfyAt the level of first primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is zero and this is evidence that one species and highest value of genetic distance is 0.9 on the second level of the primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.2 and highest value of genetic distance is one at the third primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.3 and highest value of genetic distance is one but the fourth primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.3 and highest value of genetic distance is one .For males at the level of first primer of males it was less value of genetic distance is zero and highest value is 0.8 but the second primer of males it was the less value for genetic distance is 0.8 and on the level of genetic distance is zero on the level of third primer for males it was value of genetic distance is zero and highest value is 0.8 and fourth of males it was the less value of genetic distance is zero and highest value of genetic distance is 0.8

دراسة الطفيليات الداخلية والخارجية في وعلى انواع مختلفة من الحشرات

Author name: علا عبد الشهيد ناصر
Supervisor name: كاظم صالح حسن الهدلك | مسلم عبد الرحمن الطعمة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Present study was carried out to isolate and identify the worms nematodes found in the soil, and could be used as a means of biological control against insects, it has also been to isolate and identify Mites present on or within different types of economic and other insects, which were represented by the American cockroaches Periplaneta americana ( Dictyoptera; Blattiidae). And houseflies Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae), Persian and ants belonging to the family; Formcidae) Hymenoptera), flour beetles Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera), and the termites Microcerotermes diversus( Isoptera; Kalotermitidae))The study samples (soil and insects)were collected from different regions and ecosystem of the province of Basra, during the period of the month of December 2014 to the month of September 2015. By setting traps, appropriate and specifically designed for this purpose, that supplied with special food to attract nematodes in the soil and catch insects found in those ecosystem, . and also to determine the best ways to isolate samples preserved and propagate them..Also, the study dealt with experiments for the propagation of the mites (which collect from insect samples) in the laboratory,by growth them on different growth media, for the purpose of immunological and genetic study, and the ability to be used in bio resistance and also to determine the sensitivity of the laboratory mice, that attacked by the mites through conducting hitological study of the skin of these animals..Results recorded two types of endo parasitic nematodes these areFamily : Steinernematidae1 - Steinernema feltiae2 - S. carpocapsaeAnd five species of mites, these areFamily : Histiomatidae2 - Histiostoma sp1 Family : Acaridae 1 - Cosmoglyphus barbisetusgrifolapholiotae 2 - Mycetosancassania Family : Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 Macrocheles muscaedomesticae Family : Pyemotidaepymephorus tarsalis

تاثير بعض مستخلصات الطحلب الاخضر Chara vulgaris L. على البيوض والطور اليرقي لشريطية القطط Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786 == The Effect of Some Green Algae Extracts Chara vulgaris L. On The Eggs and The Cysticercus of Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786

Author name: عقیل عبد الصاحب عبد الحسین الوائلي
Supervisor name: باسم ھاشم عبد الله | عماد یوسف عواد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لدواء Paclitaxel المضاد للسرطان في الفئران المختبرية Mus musculus L. == Study of some physiological and histoloygical effects of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in laboratory mice Mus musculus L

Author name: ضحى طالب حميد الطائي
Supervisor name: سامي جبر المالكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير دواء Paclitaxel المضاد للسرطان في الجوانب الفسيولوجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الفئران المختبرية البيض Mus musculus L. , اذ تم تقسيم ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها الى ثلاث مجاميع , تتكون كل مجموعة من ثمانية فئران هي : مجموعة السيطرة Control group : تتكون من 8)) ذكور و(8) اناث , حقنت بـ (0.2) مل من المحلول الفسيلوجي Normal Saline داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) .مجموعة الجرعة الواطئة : تتكون من (8) ذكور و(8) اناث, حقنت بـ (0.2) مل من محلول دواء Paclitaxel بتركيز 12 ملغم / كغم داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) .مجموعة الجرعة العالية : تتكون من (8) ذكور و(8) اناث , حقنت بـ (0.2 ) مل من محلول دواء Paclitaxel بتركيز 24 ملغم /كغم داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) . وقد اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حدوث انخفاض معنوي في معايير الدم المتضمنة تعداد كريات الدم الحمر, وحجم الدم المضغوط وخضاب الدم في كل من ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالجرعتين ( 12 و24) ملغم /كغم وانخفاض معنوي في معدل حجم الكرية الحمراء بالجرعة العالية في الاناث عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة . كما بينت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الوحيدة والحبيبية في ذكور الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بعقار Paclitaxel بالجرعتين (12 و24) ملغم \كغم بينما لوحظ في الاناث انخفاض معنوي في العدد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الوحيدة بالجرعتين والحبيبية بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم \كغم عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة, وارتفاع معنوي في النسبة المئوية للخلايا اللمفاوية بالجرعتين 12)و 24) ملغم \كغم لذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها. اظهرت النتائج وجود انخفاض معنوي في وزن جسم ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم فقط عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة. كما اوضحت النتائج حدوث انخفاض معنوي في نسبة خصوبة ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها (عدد الحوامل) المعاملة بعقار Paclitaxel بالجرعتين ( 12و24 ) ملغم / كغم , وحدوث انخفاض معنوي في عدد مواليد الامهات والذكور المعاملة بالجرعتين , كما اظهرت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في اوزان المواليد عند اليوم الاول للولادة والاسابيع الخمسة بعد الولادة في ذكور الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بالجرعتين بينما لوحظ في الاناث المعاملة بالجرعتين (12 و24 ) ملغم \كغم انخفاض معنوي في اوزان الولادات عند اليوم الاول للولادة والاسابيع الثلاثة بعد الولادة وبالاسبوع الخامس بالجرعة العالية عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة . سبب دواء paclitaxel انخفاضا معنويا في اعداد الحيامن بالجرعتين 12)و (24ملغم /كغم وخلال المدتين 45, 30 يوما , بينما لم تظهر النتائج فرقا معنويا في تشوهات ذيل النطف ورؤوسها بالجرعتين وخلال المدتين عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة , فضلا عن ذلك بينت النتائج حدوث انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن السوية بالجرعتين وخلال المدتين. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الهرمونية انخفاض معنوي في مستوى هرمون الشحمون الخصوي والهرمون المحفز للجريبات stimulating hormone (FSH) Follicle والهرمون اللوتيني Luteinizing hormone (LH) بالجرعتين في ذكور الفئران المختبرية, بينما لوحظ في الاناث انخفاض معنوي في هرمون الاستروجين بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم /كغم , وانخفاض في الهرمون المحفز للجريبات بالجرعتين عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . كما بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود ارتفاعا معنويا في مستوى انزيمات الكبد المتمثلة بانزيم Aspartate transaminase ( AST) و(Alanine transaminase ( ALT وAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم في ذكور الفئران المختبرية عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ايضا انخفاض معنوي في مستوى البروتين الكلي في ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها عند معاملتها بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم فقط مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. اشارت نتائج الدراسة الحالية الى ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى الدهون المتعادلة ثلاثية الكليسريد بالجرعة العالية في كلا الجنسين وانخفاضا معنويا في مستوى الدهون المتعادلة ثلاثية الكليسريد في ذكور بالجرعة الواطئة 12 ملغم/كغم وارتفاعا معنويا في مستوى الكولسترول الكلي لمصل الدم في الذكورفقط بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم /ملغم وارتفاع معنوي في مستوى البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة High density lipoprotein في ذكور الفئران المعاملة بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم \كغم وبالجرعة الواطئة 12 ملغم \ كغم في الاناث , كما سبب الدواء انخفاضا معنويا في مستوى البروتين الكلي واطئ الكثافة جدا Very low density lipoproteinفي الذكور بالجرعة الواطئة عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . واظهر حقن دواء Paclitaxel في الفئران المختبرية حدوث ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى اليوريا لمصل دم ذكور بالجرعتين ( 12 و24 ) ملغم\كغم , بينما في الاناث بالجرعة العالية عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . واظهرت نتائج دراسة المقاطع النسجية في خصى الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بدواء Paclitaxel حدوث تحلل كامل في جدار معظم النبيبات المنوية وفرط تنسج في خلايا ليدك بالاضافة الى نزف في النسيج الضام البيني , وخلل تنسج Dysplasia . وبينت المقاطع النسجية في مبيض الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بالدواء حدوث احتقان بعض الاوعية الدموية , وتحلل خلية البيضة , وتنخر خلايا الطبقة الحبيبية وانفصالها عن خلية البيضة وعدم تكون طبقة خلايا الاكليل المشع Corona radiate بالاضافة الى تحلل نواة الحوصلة الثانوية . كما سبب دواء Paclitaxel تغيرات مرضية نسجية في كبد وكلى الفئران المختبرية , اذ اظهرت نتائج المقاطع النسجية لكبد ذكور الفئران واناثها المعاملة بالدواء حدوث تنخر وتنكس في الخلايا الكبدية ,وارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية مع ظهور تشوه وتضخم انوية بعض الخلايا الكبدية وفرط تصبغ السايتوبلازم ,بالاضافة الى توسع الوريد المركزي والاوعية الدموية ,وتوسع الوريد البابي الكبدي واشباه الجيوب الكبدية واحتقانها . اظهرت الدراسة النسجية لكلى ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالدواء حدوث تنخر بطانة النبيبات وتنكسها , وارتشاح في الخلايا الالتهابية مع ظهور تشوهات في الانوية وحدوث موت خلوي مبرمج , واحتقان في الاوعية الشعرية الدموية, وتوسع تجويف النبيب الملتوي القريب واختفاء حافته الفرشاية, وتوسع الاوعية الشعرية الدموية, ونزف وتضخم وفرط تنسج وتوسع, وتضيق حيز محفظة بومان في الكبيبة , وحؤول بطانة النبيبات, وانتفاخ بعض خلايا النبيبات الكلوية وتضخمها . | This study was designed to investigate the effects of the anticancer drug Paclitaxel on some physiological, Biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in albino laboratory mice Mus musculus L. , The male and female laboratory mice were divided into three groups, eight mice each : 1 - The control group (8) males and (8) females , all of them injected with (0.2)ml of physiological saline Intraperitoneal (I.P) .2 - The low dose group of (8) males and (8) females, all of them injected with (0.2) ml of 12 mg/kg paclitaxel , Intraperitoneal (I.P) . 3 - The high dose group of (8) males and (8) females, all of them injected with (0.2) ml of 24 mg/kg paclitaxel , Intraperitoneal (I.P) . The results of this study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in blood parameters that include red blood corpuscle (RBC) , packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) for both male and female mice were injected with two doses of paclitaxel (12,24) mg/kg and a significant decrease in mean cell Volume (MCV) that are treated with high dose. The results also showed a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells and percentage of monocyte and granulocyte cells in male mice treated paclitaxel for both two doses (12,24) mg/kg . while in female mice the total number of white blood cells and percentage of monocyte cells were significant decreased with two doses and percentage of granulocyte cells with high doses 24 mg\kg in comparison with the control group, and a significant increase in percentage of lymphocyte in male and female mice were treated with the two doses(12,24) mg/kg. The results also exhibited a significant decreased in body weight of male and female mice in high dose 24 mg/kg only when compared with control group. The results exhibited a significant decrease in fertility of male and female mice treated with paclitaxel with two doses (12 ,24) mg\kg, there was a significant decrease also in number of newborns male and female treated with two doses, and there was a significant decrease in newborns weight in the first day of birth and the five weeks of birth with (12,24) mg/kg , while female treated with the two doses , there was a significant decrease in the first day of birth and subsequent three weeks after birth with the two dose and fifth week with the high dose ( 12 , 24) mg/kg in comparison with the control group . The results of this study also showed a significant decrease in sperm count treated in mice with the two doses after 30 - 45 days of birth . while no significant difference in malformation rate of sperm (head and tail) with the two doses through the same period in comparison with the control group . there was a significant decrease in the number of normal sperm through the same period with the two doses . The hormonal study showed a significant decrease in testosterone level and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with both doses and luteinizing hormone (LH) level with two doses for male mice , in females there was a significant decrease in estrogen levels with high dose 24 mg\kg and a significant decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with two doses in comparison with control group. The present study showed a significant decrease in levels of liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) , Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in male mice were treated with high dose (24) mg/kg in comparison with control group . The present study also showed significant decreased in total protein in male and female mice treated with high dose (24) mg/kg only in compared with control group. The study showed a significant increase in triglycerides level in male and female mice that are treated with high dose and it also showed a significant decrease in triglycerides level in male mice with low dose 12 mg/kg .There is a significant increase in the total cholesterol level for serum in male mice only that are treated with high dose 24 mg/kg .The study showed a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in male mice with high dose 24 mg/kg and even with the low dose 12 mg\kg in female mice . The drug causes a significant decrease in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in male mice that are treated with the low dose in comparison with the control group . Injection with paclitaxel in mice lead to a significant increase in urea level in serum for male mice that are treated with both doses (12,24) mg\kg in comparison with the control group. The results of the study of histological sections in male testis were treated with paclitaxel showed analysis in most seminiferous tubules , hyperplasia in leydig cell , bleeding in interstitial connective tissue and dysplasia. Histological sections in female mice ovary were treated with paclitaxel showed a congestion in some blood vessel , oocyte degeneration, necrosis of granular layer and separated from oocyte and degeneration of secondary follicle nuclei. Injection with paclitaxel leads to histopathological pathological changes in mice kidney and liver .The result of histopathological sections of liver in male and female mice were injected with paclitaxel showed necrosis and degeneration in hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells with show malformation and hypertrophy of some hepatocytes nuclei , hyperchromic cytoplasm, also dilation in central vein and blood vessel , dilation and congestion of portal hepatic vein and sinusoids. The study of histological sections for male and female kidneys were treated with paclitaxel showed necrosis of endothelial tubules and infiltration of inflammatory cells with show malformation in nuclei and apoptosis , congestion in blood vessel , dilation in proximal distal tubules and absent of brush border , dilation capillaries , bleeding, hypertrophy , hyperplasia, dilation and narrow of bowman's capsule , metaplasia endothelial tubules , swelling cells and hypertrophy of some renal tubules cells .

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لمبيد دايمثويت في الفئران المختبرية البيض Mus musculus L. == Study of some Physiological and Histological Effects of Dimethoate pesticide in laboratory white mice Mus musculus L

Author name: صفا محمد حسين
Supervisor name: علي عبد اللطيف العلي | فارس شاكر كاطع
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية في بعض اعضاء الفئران المختبرية بعد حقنها بجرعتين من المبيد الحشري الفوسفوعضوي دايمثويت Dimethoate, اذ قسمت ذكور الفئران المختبرية الى ثلاث مجاميع وضمت كل مجموعة ثمان فئران وبالطريقة نفسها قسمت اناث الفئران وحقنت مجاميع الذكور والاناث كالاتي : - 1مجموعة السيطرة : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من المحلول الفسيولوجي .Normal saline 2 - مجموعة المعاملة الاولى Treated group 1 (T1) : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من محلول مبيد dimethoate وبتركيز 6ملغم/ كغم ولمدة 30 يوما ومثلت الجرعة الواطئة من المبيد. - 3 مجموعة المعاملة الثانية Treated group 2 (T2) : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من محلول مبيد dimethoate وبتركيز12 ملغم/ كغم ولمدة 30 يوما ومثلت الجرعة العالية من المبيد. بينت نتائج المعايير الدمية لذكور الفئران المختبرية وجود انخفاض معنوي في كل من عدد كريات الدم الحمر وخضاب الدم وحجم الدم المضغوط وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, كما اظهرت النتائج انخفاض معنوي في معدل تركيز خضاب دم الكرية MCHC وبالجرعة 12 ملغم / كغم فقط ، اما في الاناث فقد انخفض معنويا عدد كريات الدم الحمر وحجم الدم المضغوط ومعدل حجم الكرية ومعدل تركيز خضاب دم الكرية وبالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم عند المقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, في حين انخفض معنويا معدل خضاب الدم Hb بالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت نتائج العد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض في ذكور الفئران انخفاضا معنويا في عدد خلايا الدم البيض الكلي وبالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم، كما انخفضت معنويا كل من النسبة المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية والوحيدة بالجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة ,في حين انخفض عدد خلايا الدم البيض الكلي والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية في اناث الفئران المحقونة بالجرعة 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط من المبيد عند المقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم, ووجود ارتفاع معنوي في نسبة تشوهات رؤوس الحيامن وذيولها فضلا عن وجود انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن الطبيعية وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود انخفاض معنوي في الزيادة الوزنية لذكورالفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم من مبيد الدايمثويت مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اوضحت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية في مستوى انزيمات كبد ذكور الفئران المختبرية Aspartate transaminase (AST) وAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) المعاملة بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم, فيما انخفض معنويا مستوى انزيم Alanine transaminase (ALT) بالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, في حين ارتفع معنويا مستوى انزيمات AST وALP لكبد اناث الفئران بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم فضلا عن ارتفاع مستوى انزيم ALT وبالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. كما اشارت النتائج الى ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى يوريا وكرياتنين المصل لذكور الفئران وبالجرعة 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط, كما ارتفع معنويا مستوى اليوريا فقط لمصل اناث التجربة بالجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط ولم تظهر النتائج اي فارق معنوي في تركيز كل من اليوريا والكرياتنين لمصل مجموعة الجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت نتائج فحص المقاطع النسجية لاعضاء الفئران المختبرية حدوث تغيرات نسجية مرضية في انسجة كبد وكلى ورئة وطحال وخصى ومبايض الفئران المحقونة بمبيد دايمثويت وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم واعتمدت شدة التغيرات على جرعة المبيد اذ ازدادت شدتها في الجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم, وتمثلت التغيرات في الكبد بحدوث تنكس Degeneration وتنخرNecrosis لبعض خلايا الكبد واحتقان دموي Congestion وتوسع Explansions في الوريد البابي والمركزي واشباه الجيوب الكبدية فضلا عن وجود نزف Hemorrhage في المساحة البابية وارتشاحInfiltration خلايا التهابية في مناطق متفرقة في الكبد, اظهرت التغيرات في الكلية تنكس بعض خلايا بطانة النبيبات في حين لوحظت خلايا اخرى متنخرة, اضافة الى انسلاخSloughing وحؤولMetaplasia بعض خلايا بطانة النبيبات بالاضافة الى احتقان ونزف وارتشاح خلايا التهابية في الكبيبات . اظهر الفحص النسجي لرئة الفئران المحقونة بجرعتي المبيد تغيرات نسجية مرضية متمثلة بوجود وذمات Odema وارتشاح خلايا التهابية بمناطق مختلفة ونزف واحتقان الاوعية الدموية, فضلا عن حدوث فرط تنسج Hyperplasia وانتفاخ Swelling الخلايا المبطنة للاسناخ الرئوية مما يسبب تضييق تجاويف تلك الاسناخ. اما في الطحال فقد تمثلت التغيرات النسجية بحدوث تضخم للعقيدات الطحالية وتوسع الاوعية الدموية وقلة في اعداد خلايا متعددة الانوية الكبيرة , فضلا عن حدوث زيادة في خلايا النسيج النخاعاني myloid tissue المكون للدم ووجود تكدس مواد غير حية شفافة materials Hayline بلون وردي في مناطق اللب الاحمر لاسيما حول العقيدات الطحالية . ادى الحقن بمبيد الدايمثويت الى حدوث تغيرات نسجية مرضية في انسجة خصى ومبايض الفئران المختبرية اذ تمثلت هذه التغيرات بحدوث تحلل كامل لمعظم الخلايا المكونة للحيامن في النبيبات المنوية مما يؤدي الى قلة اعدادها, كما لوحظ تسمك Thicking الغشاء القاعدي لبعض النبيبات المنوية فضلا عن احتقان الاوعية الدموية ووجود وذمات بين النبيبات, اما التغيرات النسجية التي حدثت في المبيض شملت حدوث فرط تنسج واحتقان الاوعية الدموية في برنكيما المبيض. | The physiological and histopathological changes were studied in some organs of laboratory mice injected with two doses of organophosphorus insecticide (Dimethoate). male mice were divided into three groups of eight animals per groups, and the same for females and male and female groups were injected as following : 1 - Control group : were intraperitonially (i.p) injected with 0.1 ml of normal saline.2 - Treated group 1 (T1) : were i.p injected with 0.1 ml of 6mg/kg of Dimethoate for a period of 30 days and represented as a low dose of the pesticide.3 - Treated group 2 (T2) : were i.p injected with 0.1 ml of 12 mg/kg of Dimethoate for a period of 30 days and represented as a high dose of the pesticide. The results of blood parameters in male mice showed a significant decrease in both of red blood corpuscle (RBC) count, hemoglobin Hb and Packed cell volume (PCV) of both doses (6,12mg/kg), and significant decrease in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in dose of 6mg/kg only as compared with control group. while in female, both of RBC count,PCV, mean cell hemoglobin(MCH) and MCHC were significantly decreased in both doses (6,12mg/kg), a significant decreased in Hb in dose of 6mg/kg in comparision with control group were recorded. The results of differential WBC counts of male mice showed significant decrease in total WBC counts in mice injected by both doses (6,12mg/kg),also the percentage of monocytes and granulocytes were significantly decreased in dose of 12mg/kg only as compared with control group, while the WBC count and the percentage of granulocytes were significantly decresed in female injected with 12mg/kg only of pesticide as compared with control group. In the male mice injected with two doses (6,12mg/kg). the results of current study explained decrease significantely in sperm count, and significant increases in percentage of malformation rate of sperm heads and tails , as well as, significant decreases in normal sperm count when compared with control group. The results of present study showed significant decrease in weight gain for male and female laboratory mice treated with two doses (6,12mg/kg) of dimethoate in comparision with the control group. The present data showed no significant differences in the level of liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of male laboratory mice treated with two doses (6,12mg/kg), while significant decreased in the level of Alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme with dose of 6 mg/kg only as compared with control was noticed, while significantely increased in levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALP) in female mice with two doses (6,12mg/kg), as well as,there was a significant increased in level of ALT enzyme with dose 6 mg/kg only when comparision with control. The level of urea and creatinine serum significantly increased whith two doses (6,12mg/kg), and there was no significant difference with dose of 6mg/kg when compared with control, also, the level of urea significantly increased in the serum of female mice with 12 mg/kg only, and there was no significant differences with 6 mg/kg as compared with control group. The results of histological section for some organs of laboratory mice showed occurrence of histopathological changes in the tissues of liver,kidney,lungs,spleen,testis and ovaries of mice injected with doses (6,12mg/kg), and The severity of the effects were dependent on dose, Histopathological findings of liver included degeneration and necrosis of some liver cells, blood congestion and explansions in the portal vein,central vein and hepatic sunsoids, as well as, the presence of hemorrhage in the portal area, infiltration of inflammatory cells in scattered area of it. In the kidney, histopathological changes showed degeneration of some tubular epithelium,while other cells where observed necrotic, sloughing and metaplasia of some tubular lining cells, as well as, congestion, hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the glumeruli. The histological examination of mice lungs were injected with two doses of dimethoate showed histopathological changes represented by the presence of edemas, infiltrations of inflammatory cells in different areas, hemorrhages and vascular congestion, as well as the occurrence of hyperplasia and swelling of cells lining of the pulmonary alveoli, causing narrowing cavities of those alveoli. In the spleen, the histological changes represented by occurrence of hypertrophy of the spleen nodules, expansion of blood vessels and decrease in the number of megalomultinucleated cells, as well as an increase in the cells of hematopoietic myloid tissue and presence of hyaline material, stained with pink color in the red pulp areas, especially around the spleen nodules. Injection with dimetoate caused histopathological changes in the testis and ovaries of laboratory mice represented by complete analysis of most spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules,leading to decrease their numbers ,we also observed thickening of the basement membrane of some seminal tubule ,as well as vascular congestion and deposition of a live materials in interstitial spaces ,while the histological changes that have occurred in the ovaries included hyperplasia and vascular congestion in the stroma in addition to decrease number of ovarian follicles and corpora leutea.

تقدير بعض العوامل البيئية والبكتريولوجية لمياه الصرف الصحي في محافظة البصرة / العراق == Assessment of some environmental and bacteriological factors of Wastewater in Basra Province, Iraq

Author name: سهى محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
Supervisor name: منال محمد اكبر | ميثم ايوب عبد القادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير مياه الصرف الصحي على المحتوى البكتيري في محطة حمدان لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي /البصرة حيث تستلم المحطة مياه المجاري المنقولة عبر شبكة من الانابيب التي تستلم مياه المجاري من50% من مناطق مدينة البصرة. اختبرت ثلاث مواقع لاخذ العينات هي المحطة الاولى حوض التجميع الخارجي والمحطة الثانية حوض الترسيب الابتدائي اما المحطة الثالثة فهي المياه الخارجة من المحطة والتي تصب في شط البصرة.وشملت الدراسة ايضا قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه المجاري وهي (الاس الهيدروجيني pH ودرجة الحرارة Temperature والملوحة Salinity والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين BOD5 والفوسفات والمواد الصلبة العالقة الكلية TSS والمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية TDS والنتريت NO2 والنترات NO3) خلال الفترة من كانون الاول2014/ ولغاية ايار2015/.ويتضح من نتائج هذه الدراسة ان المتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين BOD5 هو عامل مهم وله علاقة باعداد البكتريا الكلية الموجودة في مياه الصرف الصحي.كما شملت حساب كثافة المجاميع البكتيرية المتواجدة في مياه المحطات.ولحساب العدد الكلي للمستعمرات البكتيرية اخذت عينات مياه الصرف الصحي وزرعت على اوساط عامة وانتخابية وتفريقية مختلفة استخدم وسط الاكار المغذي Nutrient Agarكما واستخدم وسط المانيتول الملحي الانتخابي Mannitol Salt Agarلعزل المكورات العنقودية الذهبية Staphylococcusaureus ووسط اكار الماكونكي MacConkey Agar لعزل بكتريا القولون البرازية Escherichiacoli ووسط AgarXLD الانتخابي التفريقي (Xylose lysine deoxycholate Agar ) لعزل انواع البكتريا التابعة لجنس السالمونيلا Salmonella.تم ايضا دراسة حساسية العزلات تجاه المضادات الحيوية باستخدام طريقة الانتشار عبر الاقراص Disc Diffusion Test حسب طريقة كربي باور Kirby Bauer Method. ان دراسة حساسية عزلات E. coli توصلت الى ان العزلات البكتيرية ابدت نسب مقاومة عالية لاغلب المضادات الحيوية المختبرة في هذه الدراسة ، كذلك ابدت المكورات العنقودية الذهبية مقاومة عالية لاغلب المضادات الحيوية في حين كانت حساسة لكل من كلورامفينيكول (C) وسيبروفلوكساسين (CIP) ونورفلوكساسين (NOR) وكانامايسين (K). كانت عزلات السالمونيلا متباينة في حساسيتها تجاه المضادات الحيوية المختبرة في هذه الدراسة لكن ابدت عدم مقاومة او مقاومة واطئة للمضاد الحيوي CIP وNOR . ابدت المجاميع البكتيرية المختلفة قيد الدراسة انماط مقاومة مختلفة تجاه المضادات الحيوية اذ ابدت انماط مقاومة مختلفة. وكذلك ابدت العزلات البكتيرية المعزولة من مياه الصرف الصحي مستويات مختلفة من التحمل لتراكيز المعادن الثقيلة ،فيما يخص عزلات E. coliابدت العزلات مستوى عال من التحمل للنيكل بلغ 64% من العزلات كان MIC لها 4mg/Lوللكادميوم فان نسبة 93% من العزلات كان MICلها 0.8mg/L. اما بالنسبة للمكورات العنقودية الذهبية فان 89% من العزلات كان MIC لها 2mg/L لعنصر النيكلوبالنسبة للكادميوم فان 33% من العزلات كان MIC لها 0.4mg/L .وبالنسبة للسالمونيلا كان تحمل 100% من العزلات لعنصر النيكل هو عند 2mg/L في حين كان 50% من العزلات MIC لها 4mg/L كحد اقصى لعنصر الكادميوم. | The present study has been conducted to detect the effect of different parameters of sewage on microbial content at Hammdan for wastewater treatment in Basra city. The station receive sewage transported via net of pipes from different parts of Basra city .Three sites in the station for taking samples ,the first site is the external collection basin, the second site is primary sedimentation basin, the third site is water output that carry the water after treatment to flow at Shatt al Basra. Some characteristics of sewage were measured, these include pH, Temperature, Salinity, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Phosphate, NO2 and NO3 from period December/2014 to May/2015. In this study it is clear that BOD5 is an important factor related to total bacterial count in sewage. The bacteriological study of sewage has been done including measurement of total count of bacteria isolation and counting of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. From different stations selective media is used for isolation including Nutrient Agar , MacConkey Agar , Mannitol salt Agar and XLD Agar . The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates towards selected antibiotics have been studied using disc diffusion test. In the present study E. coli isolates showed high percentage of resistance to most of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus also showed high percentage resistance to most of antibiotics studied and found susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Kanamycin. Variable suceptibility to tested antibiotics in the present study has been shown by Salmonella spp., Salmonella spp. were susceptible or show low resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin .Different Antibiotics Resistance Profiles has been shown by different bacteria groups studies. The bacterial isolates from sewage in this study have shown different levels of tolerance to different heavy metals (Nickel and Cadmium). E. coli tolerate high concentration for Nickel (%64) and for Cadmium (%93). High tolerance level for Cadmium has been shown for Salmonella spp (%50).

دراسة تشخيصية مظهرية وجزيئية للشريطيات المتطفلة على نورس مستدق المنقار Larus genei والكرسوع Himantopus himantopus شمال محافظة البصرة == Diagnostic, Morphological and Molecular Studies on some cestodes parasitized on Larus genei and Himantopus himantopus , North of Basrah province

Author name: سحر محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: During the period from August 2015 to July 2016, fifty three aquatic birds of Larus genei (slender - billed Gull) family Laridae and 52 of Himantopus himantopus family Recurvirostridae were collected from Al - masehab marsh north of Basrah Province.The current study was focused on these two birds due to its economic importance to the local people of the study area. These two birds were found infected with 10 species of cestodes. Echinocotyle longirostris and Infula burhini were recorded for the first time in Iraq. Larus genei was considered as a new host of Wardium fusa.The isolated cestodes were described and compared with other recorded species at different parts of Iraq and the world.The percentage and the mean intensity of infection of these 10 species of cestodes were counted monthly and seasonly together with single, double and trible infection during the whole year. The main percentage infection was reached to 95.2% and the main intensity was 13.49. In L. genei the percentage and mean intensity were 90.5% and 15.4 recepectively, while for H. himantopus were 100% and 11.8 recpectively. In L. genei the high percentage infection was found in August 2015 and September , November, and December 2016, and during March, April, May, June and July for H. himantopus. A significant difference was recorded between the percentage and the mean intensity of infection.Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with random 6 primers was used to distinguish between Infula burhini and Acoleus vaginatus wich isolated from the bird H. himantopus due to the morphological similarities.The Scanning Electron Microscope (Pharmacy College, Basrah University) was used to photograph the scolex of A. vaginatus and I. burhini.

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية بتقنية RAPD لبعض الاصناف الغيبانية لنخيل التمر في البصرة == Morphological and Molecular Study by RAPD Technique for Some Un Known (Ghaibany)Cultivars date - palme In Basrah

Author name: زينب شعلان عبد الرزاق علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية اثناء الموسم الزراعي للعام 2015م على احد عشر صنفا بذريا (غيباني) لنخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. النامية في البصرة وهي اصناف جديدة تسجل لاول مرة, درست ثمان وعشرون صفة من صفات النمو الخضري, وست وعشرون صفة من الصفات الثمرية كما. درست صفات البذور, فتبين ان الاصناف المدروسة اختلفت في الخواص الخضرية والثمرية, اذ اظهرت الدراسة ان كلا الصنفين نبوي والصنف نجمة تميزا بشكل التاج الشبه منفتح في حين كانت الاصناف الباقية مضمومة التاج. وكذلك انفرد الصنف نجمة عن باقي الاصناف بلون الاوراق الاخضر الشمعي. وتراوح معدل طول الورقة من 2.68 م في صنف الوردية الى 4.35م في الصنف نمروشة, كما تراوح معدل طول منطقة الاشواك من 56 سم في صنف دكلة عبد الى 160سم في الصنف ام اللسين. وتباينت الاصناف في معدل عدد الاشواك فكان ما بين 18 شوكة في الصنف وردية الى 47 شوكة في الصنف ام اللسين. واختلفت الاصناف بنمط ترتيب الاشواك على المحور الوسطي فقد انفرد الصنف برماني بنمط توزيع الاشواك الثنائي وامتاز الصنف وردية بالنمط المفرد الثنائي في حين كان النمط المفرد هو السائد في الاصناف الباقية, واتضح من الدراسة ان النسبة المئوية لطول منطقة الاشواك الى طول الورقة الكلي هي من الصفات التي تتسم بالثبات دونا عن باقي الصفات الخضرية. اما بالنسبة للخواص الثمرية فقد تراوح معدل طول العرجون للاصناف المدروسة مابين 66 سم في الصنف رحماني الى 152سم في الصنف برماني والذي يعد من العراجين الطويلة, وانفرد الصنف دكلة داود بلون العرجون الاصفر المائل للوردي اما الصنفين برماني ونجمة فقد كان لون العراجين فيهما اخضر في حين كان لون العراجين في الصنفين وردية ونبوي اصفر يميل للاخضرار واصفر في باقي الاصناف. اما الخواص الفيزيائية المدروسة للثمار فقد سجل الصنف دكل داود اقل المعدلات في حجم الثمرة في مرحلتي الخلال والتمر والتي كانت 5سم3 و2.6سم3 على التوالي, وامتاز الصنف الزريجي بكبر حجم ثماره لكلا المرحلتين الخلال والتمر 17سم3 و10.24سم3 على التوالي, وتبين ان طعم الخلال في الاصناف وردية ودكلة عبد والصنف رحماني والصنف زريجي عفصي اما الاصناف الباقية فهي حلوة المذاق. وامتاز الصنف نجمة بكونه مبكر جدا في موعد النضج وكانت الاصناف الباقية مبكرة النضج في حين كان الصنف برماني متوسط النضج, وامتازت اصناف الدراسة بكون التمور فيها طرية القوام عدا الصنف رحماني الذي كان قوام التمر فيه شبه جاف. واستخدمت الدراسة برنامج التحليل الالي لتحليل المكونات الرئيسة للثمار في مرحلة الخلال, فتبين ان الاصناف انقسمت بمجموعتين وحسب التقارب في البيانات المغذاة للبرنامج فانعزل الصنف الزريجي بمجموعة مستقلة لكون بياناته متفردة, اما المجموعة الثانية فقد توزعت الاصناف فيها الى تحت مجموعة, صغرى ضمت الاصناف دكلة داود ونجمة واقترب منهما الصنف وردية, اما الاصناف الباقية فتوزعت هي الاخرى بتحت مجموعتين. استخدمت الدراسة الجزيئية تقانة PCR RAPD لتثبيت البصمة الوراثية للاصناف المدروسة ولكشف الارتباط الوراثي بينها, وجرى باختبار عشرة بادئات عشوائية من مجموعة OPA وبادئان من مجموعة OPB. تم تحليل نواتج التفاعلات للبادئات مع Genomic DNA الاصناف كافة وكل على حده لتحديد مدى كفات البادئ فكانت النتيجة ان اربعة من البادئات ( OPA0.2 وOPA0.3 وOPA0.5 وOPA0.6) نجحت في كشف التباين بين الاصناف المدروسة, وبينت نتائج التحليل العنقودي للنواتج التفاعلات للبادئات ان الاصناف توزعت بمجموعتين, صغرى ضمت كل من الاصناف زريجي ونمروشة والصنف ام اللسين ومجموعة كبرى ضمت الاصناف الباقية, وقد توزعت فيها الاصناف الى تحت مجموعة ثانوية. مما يشير الى الاصول المشتركة, وبينت الدراسة امكانية انتخاب اصناف بذرية تمتاز بخصائص ثمرية جيدة وتكثيرها لدعم الاقتصاد الوطني. | This study was performed during agronomic season in 2015 on 11 cultivars (ghaibany) Phoenix dactylifera L. that grow in basrah, and these cultivars are new recorder. Twenty eight characteristics of vegetative growth were studied, seed characteristics were studied also. It was concluded that the studied cultivars varied in there vegetative and fruit qualities. The study showed that both cv Nabawy and cv Najma distinguished by semi - opened crown but the other cultivars had closed crown . In addition, cv Najma marked by waxen green leaves. The rate of leaf length ranged from 2.68 m in. cv Wardiah to 4.35m in cv Nammrosha. besides the length of spine area ranged from 56 cm in cv Deglat Abd cultivars to 160 cm in cv Am - Ellsian. The cultivars also varied in the rate of spine number which was 18 in cv Wardiah an 47 in cv Am - Ellsian. The cultivars differed in the style of spine arrangement on rachis since cv Bermany distinguished by the dual style of spine arrangement, while in cv Wardiah marked by single dual style, however the single style was prevalent in other cultivars. The study clarified that the percentage between spine area to the total length of the leaf was one of qualities that characterized by stability that differed from other vegetative characteristics. As for fruit characteristics, the length of peduncle of cultivars concerned ranged from 66 in cv Rahmany cultivars to 152 in Bermany and that was regarded long peduncle. cv Deglat Dawood marked by colour of peduncle which was yellow look like rosy, whereas cv Bermany and cv Najma the colour of their peduncle were yellow look like green and yellow in the rest. As for physical characteristics of studied fruit, cv Deglat Dawood recorded the lowest rates in the volume of fruit during the phases of khalal and dates, the volume was 5 c.m and 2.6 c.m respectively, cv Zraigai distinguished by the bigness of the volume of the fruit for both phases of khalal and date 17c.m and 10.24 c.m. The taste of khalal in the cultivars of cv Deglat Abd, cv Wardiah, Rahmany, cv Zreigai was tannic while the taste of other cultivars were sweet. cv Najma cultivars distinguished by being so early in maturity, the other cultivars were early in maturity but cv Bermany was middle in maturity. The dates of studied cultivars were soft except cv Rahmany that was semi - dry. The study used a program of automatic analysis to analyze the main components of fruit in khalal phases the, it became clear that the cultivars divided into two groups according to the convergence data that fed to the program. cv Zraigai cultivars was isolated in independent group because its data were unique, but the second group ,cultivars in which were classified in small group included cultivars of cv Deglat Dawood and cv Najma and cv Wardiah approached to this group. The other cultivars classified into two groups.The molecular study used P C R RAPD technique to fix genetic print of studied cultivars and to discover the genetic link among them. Ten of random primers of OPA group were tested and two of OPB were tested too. The products of reaction of primers were analyzed Genomic DNA for cultivars totally and individually; to determine the efficiency of primer the results was that for of primers succeeded in discovering the variation among cultivars concerned. The result of cluster analysis of reaction products of primers showed that the cultivars divided into two groups : small group included cv Zairgai, cv Nammrosha and cv Am - Ellsian cultivars, and big group contained the other cultivars in which cultivars distributed into secondary group and that refer to the common origin. The study showed the ability of electing and increasing Ghaibany cultivars that marked by good characteristics to support national economy

دراسة المايكوبلازما المصاحبة لحالات العقم في الرجال في محافظة البصرة == Study of Mycoplasma associated with men infertility in Basrah province

Author name: زهراء كاتب جمعة
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed current was to determine the role of Mycoplasma in men infertility in Basrah province . A100 seminal fluid specimens were collected from men who were admitted to infertility center in Basrah province from 1/10/2015 to 31/5/2016 .Besides 50 semen specimens were collected from those who determine fertility men as control group. Samples then were cultured on Monophasic - Diphasic - Culture - Setup(MDCS) to isolation Mycoplasma then the samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Chocolate agar to isolation bacteria other than Mycoplasma .The isolated Mycoplasma from 48 cases were concluded five species : Ureaplasma urealyticum 38% ; Mycoplasma hominis 21%;Mycoplasma genitalium 15% ; Mycoplasma pirum 15% and Mycoplasma fermentans 11% . Where the last two species are first recorded in Iraq from semen.This Study also recorded that the patients of 30 - 39 years old were of high infertility rate and Mycoplasma infection percentage.High the percentage of a single infection was related to U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis .By using the double Vitek 2 system 22 other bacterial species were diagnosed from seminal fluid. some of these species were first recorded in Iraq and represented types next : Staphylococcus haemolyticus ,,Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus hominis , Staphylococcus warneri ,Kocuria rosea , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Kocuria kristinae ,Granulicatella elegans , Vibrio cholera , Aeromonas salmonicida ,Enterococcus faecium , Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae ,Alcaligenes faecalis , Staphylococcus xylosus , Micrococcus lutes ,Granulicatella adiacens, Kocuria varians,And the most exhibited and isolated bacterial species was of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.Mycoplasma infection were noticed in patients who were suffering from other diseases like varicose 18.75% and diabetes 8.33% and bladder nerve pressure 4.16% .In this study the primary infertility was 82% included 39 cases infected with Mycoplasma , while for the secondary infertility 18% nine cases were infected with Mycoplasma .High infection rate of Mycoplasma 69.23% was recorded in patients who underwent a varicose other Surgery compare with the other patients.Mycoplasma infection for the five species was clear quantity and quality in semen analysis for infertile men was less than control group .Where the semen volume was very small and the sperms count was effect on also the sperm morphology and activity (mobility) were affected by Mycoplasma infection . Pus cells and RBC. Were appeared in semen.This study also , confirmed that there is a 7% of semen from infertile men , was free from bacterial infection.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع من بكتريا المايكوبلازما من عينات سريرية في مدينة البصرة == Isolation and identification of some Mycoplasma species from clinical samples in Basrah city

Author name: رواء صادق مجيد
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the present study , a total of 150 clinical samples were collected (50 samples of sputum ,50 swabs of gingiva and 50 vaginal swabs ) from patients visited Basrah general hospital and from the 1st specialized center of dental medicine in the city of Basrah . This study extended from January 2015 to May 2015. Samples were taken from males and females (except vaginal swabs where were collected from females only) .Their ages ranged from 6 - 70 years old. These samples were collected and cultured in a method monophasic - diphasic culture setup ( MDCS ) . Three types of Mycoplasma were isolated : Mycoplasma pneumoniae from sputum , Mycoplasma salivarium from gingival swabs and Ureaplasma urealyticum from vaginal swabs .These isolates diagnosed by biochemical tests and PCR. Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 76 individuals out of 150 enrolled in this study, infection rate was 50.5% , 25 cases were diagnosed as M. pneumoniae (50%) , 13 cases were diagnosed as M. salivarium (26%) and 38 cases were diagnosed as U. urealyticum (76%).Mycoplasma was studied in related with two factors : sex and age . In this study, the Mycoplasma medium is modified , egg yolk was used instead of horse serum as source of cholesterol and also used two amino acids Arginine and Cysteine as well as urea ( when diagnosing U. urealyticum ) to support Mycoplasma growth. Besides that , thallium acetate was replaced by sodium benzoate , finally , magnesium sulfate was used as a sign of ammonia when diagnosing U. urealyticum.In this study , PCR technique used to diagnose species of Mycoplasma using ATPase gene ,16s rRNA gene and Urease gene .Sixty - eight isolates were identified by PCR technique , 25 of them were M. pneumoniae , 13 were M. salivarium and 32 were U. urealyticum.

دراسة تعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين GSTPI في مرض السكري من النوع الثاني لعينة مرضى في محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بدهون مصل الدم == Genetic Polymorphism of Gultathion - S - Transferase GSTPI in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and it's Correlation with Blood Serum lipid Profile in Basrah Province

Author name: حنين صباح عبد الصمد
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between the T2DM patients and the genotypes of glutathione S - transferase P1, and the measurements of blood serum lipid profile of patients and control. The study included 60 blood samples from patients and 40 blood sample from controls of Iraqi individuals. The sixty individual with T2DM were diagnosed according to the American diabetes Association criteria (American diabetes Association, 2007), their age ranged were between 35 - 75 years randomly selected from those attending the Diabetes Center /Al - Moanaa Hospital for treatment with history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Sera and blood were used as sample, The measured parameters in serum included (Biochemical testes) : Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Total Cholesrtol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very high density lipoprotein (VLDL). In Addition to Body Mass Index (BMI) .Moreover, the correlation between genotyping of glutathione S - transferase P1 and all studied parameters was carried out. Molecular studies involved DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Retraction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). to investigate the genetic polymorphism of glutathione S - transferase pi gene class for individuals of this study .Molecular study was conducted in the laboratory of molecular Biology, Department of Biology for pure Sciences college at Basra University .The result showed that Sex, BMI, HDL, LDL and VLDL values for patients and control were not significant while for the level of FBG in patients and control it showed significantly difference (P=0.000). This study revealed significant Positive Correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride (P=0.01). while the Correlation coefficient between Triglyceride & HDL,VLDL individually also between HDL and LDL ,VLDL and LDL with VLDL individually was not significant furthermore FBG and Cholesterol showed positive significant Correlation .The result of genetic polymorphism of GSTPI distribution among studied groups showed rise developing risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2 - fold in carries heterozygous Ile/Val genotype with an ( OR=2.90; 95% Cl= 1.077 - 7.827, p=0.31) and allele frequency 0.69.,and there is an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2and half - fold in carries of The homozygous Val/Val genotype in patients with an (OR=2.58, 95%CI=0.625 - 10.662, p=0.171). the heterozygote distribution (2Pq ) of Patients was 0.427 while in control 0.268 and it was not stable according to Hardy - Winderg question.According to data mentioned above the GSTPI genotype polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM while its effect on all lipid profile indicator did not show any significant difference.
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