Author name:
احمد وادي صالح الموسوي
Supervisor name:
مجيد ماجد محمد الزامل
Abstract:
To study the conditions of Basra civilization through books geographical and Albuldaniet in general, and through the book Dictionary of the countries of Yaqut alHamwi (d. 626 AH / 1229 AD) in particular, is the subject of study is of great importance because the book and its author well - known and known a lot among geographers and historians, as is obvious to a fame it enjoyed in medieval Islamic Basra, which still remain to this day. Adding to the importance of the subject use a lot of researchers of the book Dictionary of countries in defining and identifying the names of geographical places in the various university studies. It is during the course of the letter shows us that the article mentioned by Sapphire in his translations of the cities major Islamic is a substance variedand comprehensive study of the conditions of different conditions of these cities, and the most prominent cities of Basra, which occur Sapphire for their conditions of civilization the various centers in more often on the study of geography Basra and other cases their own, such as political, economic and other, and the source of his information on the visit comes through Mainath personal as it relied too much on the book Fattouh countries to Bladhira and others from other sources, and despite these advantages in the study of the conditions of Basra civilization, but I find some of the shortcomings encountered in substance Sapphire Basra on the conditions of civilization, and those issues that Sapphire is talking about the conditions of his time away from the historic era to see who wrote the Dictionary of countries and is the seventh century AH (615 - 621 AH), then it does not work on documenting his information through a series of this bond in the novel the necessary range historic run, but the remaining news for Sapphire Basra cultural conditions are important and valuable and precious, especially those which speak about the geography of Basra.We discussed the letter and chapters to talk about the geography of Basra to its importance for the study first and then we talked about the political conditions of Basra and then there was talk about the conditions of Basra Economic and physical, and dwell in her talk about the site of Basra and names, rivers and what was said in Basra of speeches, poetry and others, and the political situation we have studied the beginnings of the establishment of Basra, up to the end of the late Abbasid era, and As for the economicconditions and physical and we spoke about trade and markets and palaces in Basra and other attractions and other activities.For the sources approved by the message in the course we have here two books are important, benefiting Find a lot the first is a book study, (Dictionary of countries) of sapphire - Hamwi and the second is a book (Fattouh countries) for Bladhira, included the first book to talk about the conditions of Basra, cultural diversity and of the administrative, social and intellectual of Basra a truth information advantage by focusing on the geography of Basra from the terrain and climate and features of natural, such as mosques and thePalace is inclined, rivers, mountains, etc., as it dealt with the talk about the people of Basra and assets, as well as talk about the foreign elements that have provided Basra later, and also touched on the book to talk about the scientists and writers of visitors to Basra for the purpose of study and learning, which shows us the cultural development of Basra in Islamic times of successive, and the book (Fattouh countries) for Bladhira (d. 279 AH) is a valuable book talks about the news Fattouh, Basra and the geography and landmarks Urban, The significance of this book in the transfer of Sapphire for many of the stories and news from Basra about this book, as it is unique to the remembrance of news and stories, may not exist in other sources. The study found significant results on the conditions of Basra civilization of the most important that the accounts of the sapphire in this area minutes, especially those related to adjust the locations of places and places of geographical, as the Sapphire alHamwi was based in some of his novels on the book (the date of Basra) to Abu Yahya Zakaria Alsagii visual Shafei , which is one of the lost books that have not responded to us, as we came to an error to say that the Sapphire fanatic or sectarian in writing about cities andcountries, and finally say that the Basra study the conditions of civilization through the book Dictionary of countries is the study of simple and modest in the matter.
