Author name:
مريم علي ثابت جبار الحسيني
Supervisor name:
فجر جودة علوان
Abstract:
تعد الاسرة من اهم الجماعات الانسانية التي يرجع اهتمام الفلاسفة والمفكرين والباحثين بمختلف شؤونها واحوالها لعصور موغلة في القدم، وذلك لاهمية هذه الوحدة الانسانية، وعظم تاثيرها في حياة الفرد والجماعة، وسلامة بنيان المجتمع، فهي الوحدة البنائية الاساسية التي | Family is the most important unit of human society. For that reason, many philosophers, thinkers and researchers pay extra attention over time to study its construction, function, problems and effects on its members.When the family is, stable, coherent, smooth and functional, the whole society will be straight forward, on the other hand, many thinkers and researchers believe that problems of modern societies, started as a result of family disorder, which leads to value contradiction and dysfunction.It seems to be natural that the family faces many problems especially in the new nuclear families, as both part of the family (male and female) came from different socio - economic backgrounds, and each of them try to assess the power of the other in order to control each other or having the upper hand over the partner. The power struggle may take place not only because of the desirability of control, but also as a result of daily life pressures through general communications with the milieu of work, friendship and reference groups.The religious background, the family income, education and type of family they live in, may all contributed to create unforeseen problems and effect each member of the family. Beside this, the type of socialisation the partners may have had during their childhood may have a significant affect, as some families raised their children in smooth, and democratic way while others raise them in patriarchal or authoritarian way. Each way of socialisation plays fundamental role in the family stability and functionality. Levels of educational differences like the socialisation differences could have significant effects on the relationship between partners, for instance someone hold a PhD degree, may find it very harsh to live with a partner that can hardly read or write, there would be no common ground to share, they may think in different perspectives, looking to their life from different angles, and that may make their life hell. Nevertheless, if the family faces fundamental obstacles to carry on its life, which is, as we said earlier, seems to be natural, it should have some sharing values that enables its members to coordinate, cooperate and integrate in many ways. Despite all that and from the heart of the problems and the harmony, the family should have the basis for continuity and progress. Thus, in so far, thinkers and researchers can not imagine utopian family void of problems, for that reason “Angles” proclaimed that there is no human family on earth void of problems, and even if it happened it would be temporary and soon will be back to normal. The problems do not necessary undermine the family function or construction unless the problems takes a chronic conflict that could undermine the relationship and poison the normal intimate relations among partners.The current study proved empirically, that the power sharing with in the family could significantly help the stabilization of the family. Although the power sharing depends on the partner’s awareness, the type of family, its income, kinship relations, and the degree of urbanization and industrialization. This study also proved that the entrance of women to the labour market, provide women with additional leverage to fight for their status; the income she gained and the contribution to the family expenses with the new roles she did outside the family domain, gave her extra power inside the family, but such power remained limited because it collides with the traditional value system who provided men with the ultimate power. Accordingly, women still do the same traditional activities despite the power gained, such as cleaning, cooking, rearing children and looking after males in the family (husband, father, brother etc.).Iraqi women, after all, gain some power but they have no confidence to revel this over the social play, in order to have full power.
