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اليات مكافحة الارهاب واثرها على حقوق الانسان == Tools of Combat Against Terrorism and its Effect on Human Rights

Author name: شذى عبودي عباس حسون البازي
Supervisor name: عباس عبود عباس
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

الحماية الجزائية الموضوعية للوثائق المحفوظة : دراسة مقارنة == Substantive Criminal protection of archived documents ((A comparative study))

Author name: محمد حمزة عويد جاسم
Supervisor name: اسماعيل نعمة عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التعدد الحقيقي للجرائم واثره في العقاب : دراسة مقارنة بين القانون والفقه الاسلامي == The real multiplicity of crimes and their impact in punishment A comparative study between positive law and Islamic jurisprudence

Author name: سجاد ثامر كاظم عبد
Supervisor name: عمار عباس الحسيني | عباس حسين فياض
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

احكام جريمة الازعاج بواسطة الوسائل السلكية واللاسلكية : دراسة مقارنة == The provisions of the crime of harassment by means of telecommunications ((A comparative study

Author name: مصطفى كريم هادي عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: منى عبد العالي موسى
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

جريمة استيلاء الموظف على عقار : دراسة مقارنة == The Crime Of Employee Seizure Of Real Estate (A Comparative Study)

Author name: حسين جمعه محمد خلف
Supervisor name: حسون عبيد هجيج
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

جريـمة التصرف في مال الغير : دراسة مقارنة == The crime of disposing of the property of others (comparative study)

Author name: انتظار سوادي عيدان
Supervisor name: اسماعيل نعمة عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

مسؤولية الادارة عن حوادث المركبات الحكومية == Management's responsibility for government vehicle accidents

Author name: نعمة سعيد عبد الله
Supervisor name: رشا عبد الرزاق جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحماية الجنائية للاسرة : دراسة في دور الشرطة المجتمعية == Protection of Criminal for Family Study on the Role of Community Policing

Author name: محمد عيسى كاظم
Supervisor name: تميم طاھر احمد الجادر
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحماية الجنائية للاقليات : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal Protection of Minoritiies Comparative study)

Author name: رانيا احـمـد الزركوشي
Supervisor name: بان حكمت الجاف
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

فكـرة الضــرر فـي القانــــون الجنائــــــي == Harm Theory In Criminal Law

Author name: حاتم عبد الكريم داود الطائي
Supervisor name: تميم طاهر احمد الجادر
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal responsibility for civil society organizations A comparative study

Author name: محمد حسن فليح العابدي
Supervisor name: لمى عامر محمود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: من الواضح ان منظمات المجتمع المدني قد وجدت بالاساس لتحقيق غايات انسانية للفرد والمجتمع حيث النهوض بالواقع التعليمي والصحي او الثقافي للفرد وكذلك النهوض بالمجتمع والارتقاء بهالى المستوى الذي يتناغم مع مجتمع متحضر تحل فيهالارادة الطوعية والمستقلة لتحقيق الحاجات العامة , ولكن كان العدد الهائل لمنظمات المجتمع المدني ان توجد فيها بعض المنظمات تسعى الى اهداف تتناقض مع اهداف منظمات المجتمع المدني الاساسية فنجدها ترتكب جرائم جنائية التي تثير مسؤوليتها الجزائية فكان موضوع بحثنا (المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني ) اخذين صورتين من صور الجرائم المرتكبة من قبل منظمات المجتمع المدني وهما جريمة الاحتيال وجريمة تمويل الارهاب ولقد اعتمدت الرسالة على المنهج المقارن بين التشريعات العراقية والتشريعات المصرية والفرنسية على اعتبار ان التشريعات الجزائية المصرية تعتبر اهم التشريعات الجزائية العربية والتشريعات الجزائية الفرنسية التي تعتبر اقدم واهم تشريعات جزائية بالعالم , وقد انتضمت الرسالة في مبحث تمهيدي وثلاث فصول حيث تناولنا في المبحث التمهيدي معنى منظمات المجتمع المدني وذاتيتها وخصائصها وانواعها ثم تناولنا في الفصل الاول فكرة المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني ووضحنا فيها معنى المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني واساسها وتم تعريف المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني وتطورها التاريخي وبيان اساسها حيث تم تناول الاساس الفلسفي والاساس القانوني لمسالة الاشخاص المعنوية كمنظمات المجتمع المدني جزائيا وتناولنا في المبحث الثاني شروط مساءلة منظمات المجتمع المدني جزائيا وصورها ثم تناولنا الفصل الثاني ووضحنا فيه تطبيقات المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني واوضحنا في جريمة تمويل الارهاب مفهومها وخصائصها والركنها الخاص والركن المادي لها من حيث صور السلوك الاجرامي وبينا ايضا الركن المعنوي لجريمة تمويل الارهاب وبينا القصد الجنائي العام وماهو القصد الخاص في تلك الجريمة ثم تناولنا جريمة الاحتيال وتم تعريفها وبيان خصائصها وتم بيان الركن المادي وفي السلوك الاجرامي والنتيجة الاجرامية والعلاقة السببية والركن المعنوي لتلك الجريمة وكيف اشترطت التشريعات المقارنة القصد الخاص لجريمة الاحتيال, ثم جاء الفصل الثالث وتناولنا فيهاثار المسؤولية الجزائية لمنظمات المجتمع المدني وتم بحث الجزاءات السالبة للحرية والمتعلقة بالنشاط واوضحنا كيفية تعذر فرض العقوبات السالبة للحرية بحق منظمات المجتمع المدني وفرضها على ممثلين منظمة المجتمع المدني وعن الجزاءات المتعلقة بالنشاط والوجود وكان ذلك في المبحث الاول من الفصل اما المبحث الثاني من الفصل والذي تناولنا في الجزاءات التي تمس الذمة المالية للمنظمة وفي مطلبين تناولنا في المطلب الاول اهمية الجزاءات المالية وطبيعتها وتناولنا في المطلب الثاني انواع الجزاءات المالية بحق منظمة المجتمع المدني وبينا صور فرض الغرامة وصور فرض المصادرة. ثم تناولنا خاتمة البحث والتي تم بيان نتائج البحث التي توصل لها الباحث من خلال البحث واهم المقترحات التي يقترحها الباحث من خلال البحث | It is clear that civil society organizations have found basically to achieve humanitarian goals of the individual and society, where advancement reality educational, health, cultural, per capita, as well as the advancement of society and elevate it to the level that is consistent with a civilized society resolved faithful voluntary and independent will to achieve the overall needs, but it was the sheer number of civil society organizations that where some organizations seek to targets in contradiction with the basic objectives of civil society organizations there we find democracy committed criminal offenses that give rise to criminal responsibility was the subject of our research (criminal responsibility of civil society organizations), keeping as forms of crimes committed by civil society organizations, namely the crime of fraud and the crime of financing terrorism . Thedesertation is based on a comparative approach between the Egyptian and Iraqi legislation French legislation on the grounds that the Egyptian penal legislation is considered the most important Arab penal legislation and penal legislation French, which is the oldest and most important penal legislation in the world . , And ViolentdesertationinPreliminary Study ,and three chapters, where we dealt with in Section primer meaning of civil society organizations and identity and in their characteristics and their types and then we dealt with in the first chapter the idea of criminal liability for civil society organizations and the We've made meaning of the penal responsibility of civil society organizations and the basis of which has been the definition of criminal responsibility of civil society organizations and its historical development and the statement its basis where they were eating the foundation of philosophical and legal foundation for the question of persons moral as civil society organizations criminally and we dealt with in the second part, the terms of the accountability of civil society organizations criminally and images and then we approached the second quarter and clearest the criminal responsibility of civil society organizations applications and we've made in the crime of financing terrorism, its concept and its characteristics and the privateStaff and material element her where pictures criminal behavior also We've made mental element of the offense of terrorist financing and We've made Criminal intent year and what is the intent own in the crime and then we dealt with the crime of fraud has been identified and the statement of its characteristics was the statement of material element in criminal behavior and the result of criminal and causality corner moral of the crime and how the required comparison legislation intended for your crime of fraud, then the third quarter came and we approached faithful triggering criminal liability for civil society organizations were discussed deprivation of liberty and the activity of the sanctions and made clear how can not impose a custodial penalties against civil society organizations and imposed on civil society organization representatives and sanctions related to the activity and presence, and it's a topic the first chapter the second section of the chapter, which we dealt with the sanctions that affect the financial disclosure of the organization and in the two demands we dealt with in the first requirement importance of financial sanctions, nature, and we dealt with in the second requirement types of financial sanctions against civil society organization and Pena photo imposing a fine images impose confiscation. . Then we approached the conclusion of research and that was the statement of the search results reached by the researcher through research and the most important proposals suggested by the researcher during the research h

جريمة تعاطي المخدرات : دراسة مقارنة == The Crime of Drug taking Comparative Study

Author name: محمد حسون عبيد
Supervisor name: اسماعيل نعمة عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: ان جريمة تعاطي المخدرات ظاهرة خطيرة ومشكلة امنية تهدد الفرد وامن المجتمع وتهدد كذلك مسيرة التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ومن هذا المنطلق فان كل دولة تحرص على حماية بنائها من افة المخدرات التي استشرت في المجتمع الدولي مما يتطلب ان تعي الاجهزة المختصة في كل دولة خطورة هذه الجريمة ، كما يجب على الاباء والامهات ان يباشروا دورهم في تربية النشء تربية اسلامية صحيحة من خلال التعاليم والقيم الاسلامية والاجتماعية المغروسة اصلا في المجتمع العراقي، لان ذلك يوقظ ضمير ابنائها المخاطبين بخطورة هذه الجريمة . ان جريمة تعاطي المخدرات لا تعد مشكلة فردية فحسب ولكنها مشكلة متعددة الجوانب لارتباطها بكل جوانب الحياة في الدولة سواء كانت سياسية او اجتماعية او اقتصادية وكذلك ترتبط بنفسية المتعاطي وصحته ،فالعلاقة التي تربط الفرد مع المخدرات من جانب ومع المجتمع من جانب اخر هي علاقة قائمة في الاساس على عوامل متعددة تبدا بالفرد المتعاطي نفسه والمجتمع الذي يحيط به،ولا شك ان الدور الاهم في مكافحة جريمة تعاطي المخدرات ينطلق من وضع قواعد قانونية تشدد عقوبة هذه الجريمة ووضع اجراءات مناسبة لمكافحتها وبذلك يعد القانون هو الدعامة الاهم في مكافحة جريمة تعاطي المخدرات .و من هذا المنطلق سنتولى دراسة جريمة تعاطي المخدرات في ثلاثة فصول،خصصنا الفصل الاول لماهية جريمة تعاطي المخدرات ،وكان الفصل الثاني مخصصا لاركان جريمة تعاطي المخدرات وتناولنا في الفصل الثالث الجزاء الجنائي لجريمة تعاطي المخدرات ومكافحتها . | Taking up of drugs leading to position in the contemporary world crimes. and it became a famous crime in the world today and its risks threaten humans and the international society.At the same time lead to an imbalance in the social and economic side .So the cooperation whether at the international or provincial between the relevant organs within the same state to be necessary to prvent this crime, just because a substance abuse achieve this crime drug abuse crime is a global problem faced by all countries in the world by increasing the numbers of drug abusers and then one of the most dangerous crimes, because they destroy the internal structure of the countries through the physical harm caused to drug abusers and it reflected on the society as a whole in terms of political, economic, and social reconstruction as well as being a direct cause to other types of crimes because it would require the assignment of a large spread of the efforts by the state to control and spend lot of money to paid for the treatment of drug abusers in private institutions. The danger of this crime spread between the young age groups who represent national wealth .It also highlights the importance of the study in a statement the international, Arab, and Iraqi efforts in the fight against the crime of drug abuse, whether in terms of legislation or in terms of the competent drug control devices and then stand on the types of drugs and the statement of reasons that lead to the commission of the crime of drug abuse and its harmful effects statement, which is now kill communities because it affects the individual addict weakness and the impact on the mental powers as well as to the morals and values or principles prevailing in the community. Proceeding from this dangerous given, it was necessary to discuss the crime in order to show human conscience of gravity even humanitarian efforts to combat.it the study of drug crime is only a reflection of the sense of Iraqi society, the phenomenon of prejudice to his system or threaten its security and safety. Therefore, The study of a pattern of criminal behavior must be within an extended framework of phenomenon so as to enable the researcher to see all of the factors in order to put an end to combat them because they are the phenomena that stalled the process of development and construction of any society. It is targeted mainly young groups because of the high turnout on substance abuse.As for targets of the study is to indicate what is the crime of drug abuse in the Iraq drug law and comparative laws and to show the legal basis for the crime of drug abuse in Iraq legislation comparative states. The identification of the legal nature of the crime of drug abuse which empowers the competent authorities to take legal action. the statement protected interest of drug crime that sought by the legislative to protect the Iraqi abuse and to show the reasons of the crime of drug abuse and its adverse effects. One of its aims is to determine the elements of the crime of drug abuse whether realized the availability of the general staff or whether they require special staff. The statement of assessment for the crime of drug abuse sanctions as well as the aggravating and mitigating circumstances and cases of exemption from punishment and stand on the measures that could be imposed against the perpetrator of this crime.Another objective of this study is to show the combat to this crime at the international and Arab level efforts and then selecting the appropriate drug control devices and stand over the sanctions prescribed for this crime to demonstrate their adequacy to put an end to the spread of drug abuse and to show the possibility of legal texts in each devote protection from the risk of the crime of drug abuse and to indicate whether the crime of drug abuse is a physical or formal crime then clarify the consequent impact and to clarify whether this crime can be realized as a result of a crime or not, as well as the possibility of a statement check embark on this crime or not.The reasons of the crime of drug abuse are multiple, therefore it was necessary to stand on all these reasons within the plan addressed the seriousness of the crime of drug abuse, which has become a widespread phenomenon and the importance of working on the analysis and study because of their dangers affecting each individual abusers and individuals in particular, as well as affecting the community in general and the importance of the study note that the increase in relation to Iraq because of the targeted countries Due to spread of drug abuse. Given the importance of the subject of the crime of drug abuse came this study, part of a plan covering all its aspects in three chapters, dealt with the first chapter of what is the crime of drug abuse? And was in three first sections of the concept of the crime of drug abuse and interest the protected either third section was for the reasons of the crime of drug abuse and its effects and the second chapter was specified to the staff of the crime of drug abuse. It was handled in three sections, the first one is for the private corner and we dealt with the material element in the second topic and the third section was devoted to the mental and we have devoted the third chapter to the criminal penalty for the crime of drug abuse and control in three sections, the first section was for the approved sanctions of the crime of drug abuse and the second one shows the cases of stress, mitigation, exemption from punishment and measures approved for the crime of drug abuse. While the third section dealt with the fight against the crime of drug abuse.

الحماية الجنائية للثروة الحيوانية : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal Protection of The Livestock A comparative study

Author name: عبد العظيم حمدان عليوي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل نعمة عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: الثروة الحيوانية هي جميع الوسائل المادية القادرة على توليد الدخل والقابلة على التبادل بقصد اشباع الحاجات العامة والتي تعد من اهم دعائم الاقتصاد الوطني واحدى مقومات الامن الغذائي ومصدر من مصادر الدخل القومي ، وقد اهتمت بها الاديان السماوية ومن هذه الاديان ديننا الاسلامي والذي اورد اسماء الكثير منها في القران الكريم والسنة النبوية مبينا كيفية التعامل معها والرفق بها ، وكذلك في العصور الحديثة اهتمت بها القوانين الوضعية والقوانين الخاصة ووضعت النصوص القانونية والاحكام العقابية لحمايتها من الاعتداء عليها وقد تغير وضع الثروة الحيوانية في الفترات المتلاحقة من اهمال واعتداءات مستمرة ادت الى انقراض العديد من عناصرها والمتمثلة بالحيوانات البرية والطيور المائية وغيرها من الحيوانات ، ومن خلال ذلك ارتاينا البحث عن موضوع حماية تلك الثروة وتم اختيار الحماية الجنائية للثروة الحيوانية موضوع دراستنا. وانتهت الدراسة الى مجموعة من النتائج والمقترحات متمثلة في تعديل بعض النصوص القانونية سواء تعلق الامر بمواد دستورية او مواد في قانون العقوبات او القوانين الخاصة . | Livestock is all physical means that are capable to generate income and to exchange for the purpose of satisfying public needs which are considered as the most important pillars of national economy and fundamentals of national security and as a source of national income. The divine religions have paid attention to this subject and our Islamic religion was one of these religions that indicated many of Livestock names in the Holy Quran and the Sunni of Prophet and how to deal with animals and treat them well, as well as in modern times the livestock were received interest from objective and special laws in addition to assigning legal provisions and penalties to protect them from attack and aggression. The situation of livestock were changed during the successive periods because of carelessness and continuous assaults which cause to extinction of several kinds of animals for example wild animals and water birds, therefore we decided to discuss the subject of protection livestock and we pick up criminal protection as a title for our study .The study ended in assent of finding and proposals represent in the modification of some legal texts whether its related to the constitutionality of stubs trances or materials in the penal code or special laws .In order to identify the adequate methods presented by criminal protection of livestock whether at the level of punitive laws or special laws we divided our research into three chapters. In introductory research we discussed criminal protection as per legal consolidation in ancient religions where three demands were intervened in this topic. The first demand was about the criminal protection of livestock in the ancient religions. The second one was the criminal protection of livestock in the divine religions. The third demand was the criminal protection of livestock in the modern laws. In the first chapter we identify the conception of the criminal protection of livestock. The first chapter consists of two studies, firstly we define the concept of criminal protection of livestock on two demands : the first demand we put the definition of criminal protection of livestock and in the second one is the criminal protection justifications of livestock. The second was devoted to deal with lawful base of livestock criminal protection which falls in two demands, the first was entitled as lawful base of livestock criminal protection internationally and second demand was lawful base of livestock criminal protection on national and regional level. Finally, we discussed the third chapter of the thesis upon criminal protection of livestock according to bases of summary trials and special laws through two studies : the first study was the criminal protection of livestock in inspection and investigation stage, for this purpose we divided this research on two demands : the first demand was procedure protection of livestock during inspection stage about crimes and collecting of evidences, whereas the second demand dealt with procedure protection within preliminary investigation . In the second study we reviewed the procedure protection during trial and appeal stage. This study has been divided into two demands : the first one was the trial before a competent court in livestock crimes and the second was the illustration of appeal processes in decisions and relevant provisions of livestock crimes. At the conclusion the study was put the final touches with many results and recommendations.Lastly, we pray to Allah and supplicate to him and our peace upon prophet Mohammed and his pure family.

جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني : دراسة مقارنة == E.mail crime piracy Comparative study -

Author name: صفاء كاظم غازي الجياشي
Supervisor name: حسون عبيد هجيج
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني من الجرائم المضرة بمصلحة الافراد كونها تستهدف مصالح خاصة للافراد ( حق الافراد في الخصوصية الشخصية ) لذلك تحتم المعاقبة على كل فعل يمس حق الفرد في الخصوصية ، وهذا الحق مثلما يجب توفره في الحق بحرمة المسكن وعدم جواز دخوله دون اذن كذلك يترتب وجود هذا الحق في خصوصية المراسلات باي وسيلة تقليدية او الكترونية وعليه ان تجرم كل افعال القرصنة لنظام البريد الالكتروني لضمان عدم افلات المجرمين من العقاب.ومن هذا المنطلق تم تناول موضوع الرسالة كونه من المواضيع التي من الضروري اخذها بنظر الاعتبار ودراستها على الصعيد القانوني لاسيما وان الفاعل (القرصان) يتمتع بخبرة تقنية وان جريمته لا تحتاج الى جهد عضلي ، وبما ان القرصان يشكل خطرا لكونه يقوم باختراق نظام شخصي لغيره والذي اصبح في الوقت الحاضر من اساسيات الحياة وحلقة تواصل بين الاشخاص ( الطبيعية والمعنوية ) وبقرصنة البريد الالكتروني للاخرين يعد تصرفه هذا تعديا غير مشروع ومن ثم يمكن اقامة الدعوى الجزائية بحقه.ومن خلال بحث موضوع جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني نتمكن من تسليط الضوء على قصور نصوص القانون الجنائي عن معالجة هذا النوع المستحدث من الجرائم فمن الناحية الاجرائية نجد ان النصوص التي عالجت اكتشاف واثبات الجرائم المعلوماتية ومنها جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني قاصرة وغير محققة للغرض منها بل تكاد تكون معدومه, وهذا يتطلب توفير اساس قانوني للحد من ارتكاب هذا النوع من الجرائم المستحدثة من الناحيتين العقابية والاجرائية ، وكذلك التاكيد على ضرورة ايجاد تعاون دولي واقليمي للحد من ارتكاب هذا النوع من الاجرام ، حيث تعد جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني من الجرائم التي ترتكب عن بعد ( جرائم عابرة للحدود ). ونظرا لصعوبة كشفها فنجد احيانا ان الشخص المجني عليه نفسه لا يعلم بقرصنة بريده ، لذلك لابد من مكافحتها باتباع نهج دولي منسق بالاضافة الى التنسيق الداخلي ، وهذا كله من اجل معالجة الجرائم المعلوماتية على وجه العموم وجريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني على وجه الخصوص .وتم تقسيم الرسالة الى مبحث تمهيدي تناولنا فيه مفهوم البريد الالكتروني, وثلاثة فصول خصص الفصل الاول لماهية جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني، اما الفصل الثاني فقد تم فيه تناول اركان جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني، اما الفصل الثالث فخصص للاثار المترتبة على جريمة قرصنة البريد الالكتروني. | Crime Email piracy harmful to the public interest crimes being targeted at the interests of the privacy of individuals (individuals' right to personal privacy) so had to punish every act affects the individual's right to privacy, and this right as it should be provided by the right to freedom of residence and the inadmissibility of entering without permission as well as the consequent presence This right to privacy of correspondence by any conventional means or by electronic and to criminalize all acts of piracy and to e - mail system to ensure that the entry into force of criminals from punishment. In this sense we dealt with the subject of the message being one of the topics that need to be taken into consideration and studied at the legal level, especially since the actor (the pirate) has the technical expertise and that crime does not need to muscular effort, and as the pirate is dangerous because it is the breach of a personal system for others who became in At present the basics of life and loop communication between persons (natural and moral) and broke the pirate e - mail to others counting his disposal this infringement is illegal and can thus establish a criminal case against him, beginning with the charge and trigger stage, passing through the stage of investigation and evidence collection and the end of the phase of the trial and sentencing, and we suggest to be consideration of the case by a special electronic crimes tribunal, including the criminal case filed against pirate. But from a procedural standpoint, we find that the texts that dealt with the discovery and prove IT crimes, including the crime Email piracy inadequate and unrealized loan them, but are almost non - existent, and this requires the provision of a legal basis to limit the commission of this type of innovative crimes of both punitive and procedural, as well as emphasize the need Find international and regional cooperation to curb commit this type of crime, where is the crime of the e - mail address piracy of crimes remotely (transient crimes of the border) Due to the difficulty of detecting sometimes we find that the person is the victim himself does not know that his infiltrated by pirates, so it has to be of control following a coordinated international approach in addition to the internal coordination, and all this in order to address IT crimes in general and crime Email piracy, in particular. where we have to divide the message to the Study of preliminary We had the concept of e - mail, and three chapters The first chapter Fajssnah of what constitutes the crime of piracy e - mail to three sections, we discussed in the first concept of e - mail hacking, and Pena in the second the causes of crime, and we had a third of the characteristics and the basis of the crime, and we talked in the second quarter from the elements of the crime e - mail address piracy in three sections set aside the first to speak of the material element of the crime, and Pena in the second pillar of moral crime, and we held the third private corner (subject of the crime), Chapter III Fbgesna the effects of the crime Bembgesan we have allocated the first effects of the crime procedural, and we held the second substantive effects

استبعاد الادلة الجنائية غير المشروعة : دراسة مقارنة == Exclusion of illegal Criminal Evidence (A Comparative Study

Author name: عبد الحسن دويج خفيف
Supervisor name: ناصر كريمش خضر الجوراني
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The leading legal idea in the legislation of criminal procedural laws, is in the balance between the interest of society in the fight against crime, represented by the right of the state to punishment, and the interests of individuals in protecting their rights and freedoms guaranteed by the constitution, these laws take multiple ways to achieve that budget, all of which stem from the principle of criminal legality, that principle that delineates the process of criminal prosecution, which would determine what constitutes acceptable behavior to the parties to the criminal dispute and what is not, and ensure respect for what is imposed by this principle, We have asset of sanctions, come in the forefront of them, exclusion of illegal criminal evidence, through the waste of work contrary to that principle, in terms of its legal effects, and to exclude any potential benefit from that action, the exclusion of illegal criminal evidence in fact is a link between the theory of invalidity on the one hand and the theory of criminal evidence on the other, that is, what is derived from what is contrary to the theory of invalidity can not be accepted in the rules of criminal evidence.The importance of excluding illegal criminal evidence is highlighted by the paucity of the legislative rules governing it, and that they involve as well as substantive a delicate philosophical aspect, the subject of the study is related to many of the principles established in procedural criminal law, the exclusion of illegal criminal evidence is widely applied in the field, the rules of legality of criminal procedure are broad and numerous, and the possibility of violating them is natural and imagined in many cases, it is therefore important to protect the(B(right and freedoms of individuals from the abuse of power, so the subject of the study will be based primarily on what that idea is, through the definition and statement of nature and rationale and legislative status and the most famous discussions on the usefulness and rules and exceptions, this is done by comparing the position of Iraqi law on the one hand, and the United States of America and Egypt on the other.The study concluded that the exclusion of illegal criminal evidence is the basis of the constitution, although not in the explicit texts, as the spirit of the constitution leads to it, because it inters the field of right and freedoms which is the core competence of the constitution, but is the basic goes with it a presence and nothing, when a constitutional legislator establishes a right, the right holder must have access to it, otherwise his words will become, hollow and pointless, it is an increase, the constitutions are distinct from the increase, the exclusion of illegal criminal evidence was the effective means by which the right holder could be entitled to redress, this is based on the fact that the ordinary legislator complies with this basis and ensures that his texts are useful, the study also concluded, that the exclusion of illegal evidence is a means of judicial control, including the penalty imposed on the wrongful procedure and the resulting evidence by stripping it of its legal value, and destroy any effect that results from it, the realization of exclusion also enhances the confidence of individuals in the state, because it ensure that illegal evidence is not accepted, to accepting the defective means before the judiciary to obtain evidence.

الحماية الجنائية للعقار == The Criminal Protection For The Property

Author name: كاظم عزيز معيلي الانباري
Supervisor name: احمد كيلان عبد الله
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: 1 - The Iraqi criminal lawgiver insure the criminal protection for the property for the properties of persons and state, the lawgiver authorize the criminal protection for the properties to the law of punishments No. 111 for year 1969 (amended) according to its items (1,6,7), that its role put a texts of conviction and punishment on it whether this property for the persons such as lands , building , houses ,or for state such as lands , building , establishments, public properties ,special properties , and whether it were done by normal person , employee , or taxpayer of public service such as crimes of invasion of houses , attack on the property , confiscation it by force , damage it by destruction ,burn , flood , or by transfer or remove the border between the properties of the persons , or between the properties of persons and the state whether this property was be pure or charitable entail .This research deal with the crime that touch the security or independence of inside or outside of state such as crimes of external armed military raid or occupation on region of Republic of Iraq by one state or many foreign unfriendly states whether this occupation happen as full by fail regime and put it under the government of direct military occupation or entrance of armed military enemy in the land of Iraqi state region, or entrance in its part , or occupation for city , or village , and full control by direct military , or the neighbor country doing a crimes of transfer , remove, or change the region borders , marks , or official border support for Iraq .The criminal lawgiver for the crimes that were located on the properties of persons and state from the crimes that were seen by criminal judge of property location , and the local court of misdemeanors only specify for the lawsuits of properties if the crime as misdemeanors , but if the crime as felony this lawsuit was deal by court of felony according to the type of crime and danger of guilty .2 - Then the lawgiver authorized to the principles law of the criminal courts No.( 23)for year (1971) (amended) a responsibility of take the necessary criminal procedures to move the lawsuits of properties according to the items(1,2,3,9) starting from direct indictment and the judicial and primary investigation , transferring , pleading , and the decision until executing the decision that was issued for the guilty after this decision was granted the final degree without the objection when finish the legal period by executing the decided punishment by jailing the guilty for complete the decision of guilty .3 - Then the lawgiver authorized to the criminal judgment to take the pleading procedures by the public , facing , and oral method according to the judicial organization No.(160) for year (1969) (amended) item (1/first) to achieve the justice , and making authority of the justice accordance for the natural and moral persons as public and special at the item (3) , and making the pleading as public except the court diced to make this pleading as secret to save the public system and considerateness the public ethics or family sanctity , and spoken of decision as public at the item (5) , then making the decisions have issue and executing vicarious the people at the item (6) .

ضمانات الحدث في الدعوى الجزائية == The Warranties of the Juvenile in the Criminal Action - A Comparative Study

Author name: غسان عبد السادة حسن الحميداوي
Supervisor name: عقيم عزيز عودة
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study sheds the light on the most important warranties that should be granted to the juvenile committing a crime when is questioned by the law according to the international conventions from the principles and the bases that should be taken into consideration during action. These principles are concerned in giving a portion of juveniles a special care during the stages of penal action.The penal portion is given to the delinquent juveniles is acquired a great care for being related to an accused who did not reach the age that makes him pose a danger. They are usually victims of circumstances and personal factors as well as the environment and weakness or to the incomplete psychological or physical structure.Therefore, the special procedures of trail of the juvenile on the basis on base that is different from these of the adults’ trail. Then, the penal procedures represent exception from the general rule of the penal procedures. He study shows the attitude legislations from special international trails of juvenile action.The study concludes that among the most important warrantees of the juvenile in the advanced stage of the trail is the existence of the investigation or inspection bodies that are concerned in dealing with the juveniles as well as making personal studies. The arrest of juveniles should be an exceptional procedure for the shortest duration possible. It should be held in places concerned with the juveniles care and rehabilitation. In addition to that, there are special warrantees the juveniles such as the warrantee of the juveniles’ right to his parent’s presence, to appoint an attorney, assuming his innocence and respecting his privacy.The study also concludes the necessity that the juveniles tribunals should be formed mutually combining the legal and the sociological members. The most important warrantees that the juveniles should have in trail is the secrecy of the procedures, and the conduction of organic, psychological and sociological examination of the juveniles before the trial, in addition to other warrantees related to the ensuring his right in defending himself and applying the system of stay of execution and the simplification of procedures of trail as well as not permitting to execute him.For the most important warrantees of the subsequent stage of the juveniles’ trial we conclude in the study is the judicial supervision over the execution of the procedures issued against the juveniles and the necessity of executing the procedures of imprisonment in juvenile - concerned institutions in which they are rehabilitated according to scientific programs, in addition to the importance of applying the system of conditional release of juveniles by the freedom - depriving procedures for the positive results that resulted from applying the system.In addition to the above, there are important warrantees that are related to the subsequent care programs which the juveniles should be subjected to as a complementary treatment of the rehabilitating institution.

المسؤولية الجنائية الناشئة عن التظاهرات : دراسة مقارنة == The Criminal Responsibulity Created by Demonstration A Comparative Study

Author name: ازهار عويني عبد الرضا الحمداني
Supervisor name: عقيل عزيز عودة
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: يتلخص بحثنا الموسوم (المسؤولية الجنائية الناشئة عن التظاهرات - دراسة مقارنة) بان الافراد في المجتمع مهما تنوعت فئاتهم ومستوياتهم انما يجمعهم المصير المشترك والمصلحة العامة ، وهم بحاجة الى التعبير عن رايهم والتصريح بمطالبهم ، فكان الخروج الى الطريق العام في شكل تظاهرات هو احدى طرق التعبير عن الراي, وقد يكون مصحوبا بالهتاف ورفع اللافتات والشعارات كوسيلة للضغط على السلطة الدولة بهدف تحقيق مصالحهم المشتركة , الا ان بعض مظاهر التعبير عن الراي في التظاهرات تشكل جرائم يعاقب عليها لما تتضمنه من تهديد لامن الدولة او قذف او اهانة , او اعاقة المرور , الا ان المشرع قد يبيح بعض هذه الافعال في اثناء التظاهرات وفق ضوابط يضعها ، وبموجبها يتم تحديد متى تتوافر الاباحة، فاذا خالفت تلك الافعال ضوابطها تلك تكون قد جاوزت حدود الاباحة , واكتسب الفعل فورا" صفة عدم المشروعية مما يرتب المسؤولية الجنائية . هذا مما يدفع السلطة العامة الى فض التظاهرات وتفريقها بالقوة وفق ضوابط ومعايير قانونية ، مما قد يتسبب فى وقوع اصابات وقتل وفي المقابل قد تثور مسؤوليتهم في حالة تجاوز الحدود المقررة لاستخدام القوة .ومن هنا تبرز اهمية هذه الحرية في المجال الجنائي , فلا تعد ممارسة حرية التظاهر جريمة ، لان القاعدة وفقا لمبدا الشرعية ان لا جريمة ولا عقوبة الا بنص ، الا ان ما يترتب على الخروج عن الضوابط التظاهرات سواء من قبل الافراد العاديين ام افراد السلطة العامة ، تتمثل بافعال وسلوكيات غير مشروعة ومحظورة يعاقب عليها القانون .وتكمن مشكلة الدراسة في ان التظاهرات وان كانت شكلا من اشكال التعبير فان ذلك قد لايجعل من هذه الالية حقا مشروعا للافراد يتيح لهم التعبير عن مواقفهم وارائهم بكل حرية حيث انه بالمقابل نجد حق الدولة في فرض نظامها وبسط امنها على كافة مواطنيها بواسطة القوانين التي تقنن هذه الحرية وتضع حدا لها, وتتجلى مشكلة البحث في ان هل وجود هذه النصوص كاف لممارستها من قبل الافراد، ام ان هناك واجبا يتمثل بالانصياع الى التشريعات الاخرى ذات الصلة بحرية التظاهر لتحديد مسؤولية من يسئ استخدامها ، وهل كان المشرع موفقا في وضع مثل هذه الخطوات الواجب اتباعها عند ممارسته هذه الحرية .وقد تم تقسيم هذه الدراسة على مبحث تمهيدي وثلاثة فصول , خصص المبحث التمهيدي للبحث في الاساس القانوني للتظاهرات , ومن ثم تناول الفصل الاول ماهية التظاهرات من خلال تعريفها وضوابطها العامة المادية والغائية . اما الفصل الثاني فقد بحثنا فيه المسؤولية الجنائية للمتظاهرين من خلال بيان حدود الاباحة والتجريم في التظاهرات والتطبيقات مسؤولية المتظاهرين. اما الفصل الثالث فقد تناولنا فيه المسؤولية الجنائية لافراد السلطة العامة من خلال بيان استخدام افراد السلطة العامة للقوة في حدود الاباحة والتجريم والتطبيقات المسؤولية افراد السلطة العامة . واخيرا فقد اختتمنا الرسالة بخاتمة اشتملت على اهم النتائج والتوصيات التي رايناها ضرورية لاخذها بالاعتبار عند النظر بمشروع قانون التظاهر في العراق .وقد تم التوصل الى عدة نتائج منها , ان التظاهرات تجمع ثابت او متحرك للافراد في الطرق والاماكن العامة , وان لها طبيعة خاصة تنعكس على التنظيم القانوني , وان التظاهر وفق القانون العراقي لايتم الا بتصريح من الادارة , وان التشريع النافذ في العراق لم ينظم المسؤولية الجنائية للمتظاهرين بشكل واضح ودقيق , ولم يتناول مسؤولية الشرطة بشكل مطلق . اما اهم التوصيات, فتتمثل في تاييد الباحث لنظام الاخطار من دون الترخيص, واللجوء الى جهة محايدة كالقضاء لتقدير خطرها على النظام العام ومنعها , والدعوة الى عدم اقرار مشروع القانون لانه يمس جوهر الحرية ويقيدها , وضرورة اعادة صياغته بالتنسيق مع منظمات المجتمع المدني, بالشكل الذي تحدد فيه مسؤولية المتظاهرين بشكل دقيق , وتنظيم مسؤولية الشرطة والنص على اصدار تعليمات واظحة ومحددة بشان استخدام القوة في التظاهرات .واخيرا ادعو الله تعالى ان اكون قد وفقت في اعطاء موضوع البحث حقه، فان فعلت فنعمة من الله تعالى ، وان لم افعل فبشر يخطئ اكثر مما يصيب , والله ولي التوفيق | Our thesise entitled (The Criminal Responsibulity Create by Demostration - A Comparative Study) Summarized in , The individuals in the society, regardless of their different categories and levels, are united by common destiny and the public interest. They need to express their views and make their decisions. Going out to the public road in the form of demonstrations is one of the most important ways to express of opinion, and may be accompanied by cheering and raising signs and slogans , as a means of exerting pressure on State to achieve your common interests. However, some manifestations of opinion in the demonstrations constitute crimes punishable by the threats it poses to the security of the state or the flagellation or insult, or obstruction of traffic, but the legislator may allow some of these actions during the demonstrations according to the regulations put them. Under which it is determined when the availability is available, and if the violation of those acts its controls that have exceeded the limits of permissibility.And the act immediately gained the status of illegality, which placed criminal responsibility, which forces the public authority to disperse and disperse the demonstrations by force according to legal controls and legal standards. Which could cause injuries and murder and in return may be their responsibility in case of exceeding the limits set for the use of force. Hence, the importance of this freedom in the field of criminalization would not consider the exercise of freedom of demonstration is a crime, because the rule according to the principle of legality that the crime and punishment are only by text. However, the consequences of breaking out of the control of demonstrations, whether by ordinary individuals or members of the public authority, represented by illegal acts and behaviors are punishable by law. - The problem of this study is that the misuse of freedom of protest, which is one of the most dangerous methods used by those who tamper with it, is manifested in how to distinguish between peaceful demonstration as a freedom aimed at improving the situation and demonstrating as a means of demolishing society and opposing any decision or action. To the Constitution and the Law. This study was divided into introductory and three chapters. The introductory course was devoted to research on the legal basis for demonstrations. The first topic studies the core of administration , its definition and its material and non - material general controls. The second chapter, in which we discussed the criminal responsibility of the demonstrators through showing the limits of permissibility and criminalization in the demonstrations, and we devoted to the applications of the responsibility of the demonstrators . Chapter three dealt with the criminal responsibility of the police, through showing the use of force by the police force to the limits of permissibility and criminalization , and the applications of police responsibility.Finally, we concluded the thesis with a conclusion that included the most important conclusions and recommendations that we considered necessary to take into account when considering the draft law of demonstration in Iraq. It has been connected to several results, including that the demonstrations a fixed gathering or a mass of people in the roads and public places, and have a special nature reflected on the legal organization, and that the demonstration under Iraqi law is carried out but by authorization by the administration. And that the in force legislation does not regulate the criminal responsibility of demonstrators as clearly and accurately, and does not address the responsibility of the police absolutely. As for the most important recommendations, is the researc support to the system of notification without authorization, and recourse to a neutral body such as the judiciary to assess the danger to public order and to prevent it. And calling for not to adopt the draft law because it touches the essence of freedom and restrict it, and there is a need to reformulate it in coordination with civil society organizations, in a manner that determines the responsibility of the demonstrators accurately, and regulate the responsibility of the police and the provision of instructions on the use of force in demonstrations.

الضوابط الدستورية لسياسة التجريم : دراسة مقارنة == Constitutional criterias on the policy of criminalization : Comparative Study

Author name: محمد عبد الحسين شنان الموسوي
Supervisor name: عمار تركي عطية الحسيني
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: لكل دولة نظامها الدستوري الخاص بها, الذي يجب ان يتضمن المبادئ العامة لنظام الحكم, ويبين السلطات في الدولة ويحدد اختصاصاتها, ويحمي الحقوق والحريات, ويعمل الدستور على تحديد الضوابط التي يتعين على السلطات العامة الالتزام بها عند ممارستها لاختصاصاتها الدستورية. وقد ارست الدساتير في الكثير من دول العالم, ضوابط يتحتم على المشرع الجنائي التقيد بها عند ممارسته لسلطته في التجريم, وهذه الضوابط منها مايرد بشكل صريح في صلب الوثيقة الدستورية كمبدا (لا جريمة ولا عقوبة الا بنص), ومبدا (عدم رجعية القانون الجنائي على الماضي), ومنها ما يرد بصورة ضمنية تستشف من خلال الاطار الدستوري العام للحقوق والحريات, كضابط (الضرورة والتناسب في التجريم). ولهذه الضوابط اهمية بالغة في اطار سياسة التجريم, كون ان هذه السياسة تنال من حقوق وحريات الافراد بشكل كبير, وان من شان عدم وجود ضوابط دستورية يتقيد بها المشرع ان تتعرض تلك الحقوق والحريات الى المساس اما بمصادرتها او التقليل من فاعليتها, كما ان الدول, ولاسيما العراق, تشهد حاليا نهضة تشريعية في مجالات عديدة, ولضمان سلامة هذه التشريعات, يجب ان تكون الاخيرة متفقة مع الضوابط والمبادئ الدستورية, ولاسيما ان قانون العقوبات العراقي صدر في عام 1969, واصبحت الحاجة ملحة لتعديل العديد من احكامه بما يتفق والدستور الدائم الصادر سنة 2005. واذا كانت سلطة المشرع الجنائي, تتسم بالتقدير؛ فان سلطته في هذا المجال مقيدة بوجوب الالتزام بمبادئ الدستور الخاصة بالتجريم, ومن هنا تظهر مشكلة الدراسة, اذ قد تتجاوز السلطة التشريعية او التنفيذية حدود اختصاصها, وتحاول المساس بالقيمة الدستورية لحقوق الانسان وحرياته عن طريق التجريم, معتمدة في ذلك على السلطات المخولة لها, هذا من جانب, ومن جانب اخر ان السلطة المكلفة بعملية التجريم قد تمد نطاق التجريم ليشمل افعالا ليست بتلك الخطورة التي تهدد امن المجتمع وسلامته, الامر الذي يدفعنا الى التساؤل عن ماهية الضوابط الدستورية التي يستند اليها المشرع الجنائي في صياغة نص التجريم ؟ وهل واكب الدستور العراقي لسنة 2005 التطورات التي لحقت بسياسة التجريم, او انه بقي على الحال الذي كانت عليه دساتير ما قبل عام 2003؟ وما دور القضاء الدستوري تجاه الضوابط الدستورية لسياسة التجريم, ولاسيما القضاء الدستوري العراقي؟ وقد تناولنا هذه الدراسة من خلال ثلاثة فصول, تطرقنا في الفصل الاول الى اهم المبادئ الدستورية لنص التجريم, والتي يجب على المشرع الجنائي ان لا يحيد عنها في كل الاحوال, واهمها مبدا شرعية الجرائم والعقوبات, تكلمنا عنه في المبحث الاول, ومبدا عدم رجعية قانون العقوبات على الماضي, وذلك في المبحث الثاني , وفي نطاق الفصل الثاني بحثنا الضرورة والتناسب في سياسة التجريم, حيث ان المشرع الجنائي يرتكز على ضابط الضرورة والتناسب وهو بصدد احداث التوازن بين حماية الحقوق والحريات من جهة وحماية المصلحة العامة من جهة اخرى, وقد درسنا في المبحث الاول ماهية الضرورة التناسب في سياسة التجريم, وفي اطار المبحث الثاني تناولنا اثر غاية التجريم ومعياره على الضرورة والتناسب, وبحثنا في اطار الفصل الثالث والاخير ضمانات التزام سياسة التجريم بالضوابط الدستورية, حيث ان ترك تحديد الجرائم والعقوبات لاختصاص السلطة التشريعية لا يعني ان هذه السلطة لها حرية مطلقة في هذا المجال, وانما هي مقيدة بالحدود التي رسمتها المبادئ الواردة في الدساتير, ومن اجل ضمان التقيد بتلك المبادئ, فان الرقابة على دستورية نصوص التجريم تؤدي دورا بارزا في هذا المضمار, وعلى هذا الاساس تناولنا في المبحث الاول حدود سلطة المشرع الجنائي تجاه الحقوق والحريات, وفي نطاق المبحث الثاني, درسنا الرقابة على دستورية نصوص التجريم. وفي نهاية المطاف توصلنا من خلال هذه الدراسة, الى جملة استنتاجات من اهمها : ان المشرع العراقي قد سمح بفكرة التفويض التشريعي في مجال التجريم, في الدستور وقانون العقوبات على حد سواء, كذلك توصلنا الى ان الضرورة في التجريم يراد بها الاسباب او المبررات التي تدور في ذهن المشرع, والتي تدفعه الى تجريم اشكال معينة من سلوكيات الانسان, بهدف حماية المصالح الاجتماعية الجديرة بالاعتبار. اما التناسب في التجريم, فهو العلاقة بين ضرورة التجريم (الهدف من التجريم), والعقوبة المقررة للجريمة (اثر التجريم), بحيث تكون العقوبة ضرورية لمواجهة الجريمة؛ لتحقيق اهدافها المتمثلة بالردع العام والردع الخاص وتحقيق العدالة. وقد اقترحنا في هذه الدراسة على المشرع العراقي ان يتبنى نظام ( ازدواج قانون العقوبات), بدلا من نظام (وحدة قانون العقوبات), اذ يقتصر قانون العقوبات على ذكر الجنايات والجنح, بينما تكون فئة المخالفات في اطار مجموعة مستقلة يمكن ان نسميها بقانون العقوبات الاداري, وكذلك وصينا المشرع الجنائي بان يضع نصوصا جنائية تملك من الكفاية والفاعلية ما يمكنها من مواجهة فاعلية التطور الاجرامي واساليب ارتكابه في ظل الاجرام المستحدث | Each State shall have its own constitutional system, which shall include the general principles of the system of government. It shall set out the powers of the State and determine its competencies. It shall protect the rights and freedoms. The Constitution shall specify the regulations to be complied with by the public authorities in the exercise of their constitutional powers. In many countries of the world, constitutions have established controls that the criminal legislator must adhere to when exercising his authority to criminalize them. Such controls are explicitly included in the constitutional document as a principle (nullum crimen sine lege) and the principle of " ), Including implicitly revealed through the general constitutional framework of rights and freedoms, as an officer (necessity and proportionality in criminalization). These restrictions are of great importance in the context of the criminalization policy, since this policy severely infringes upon the rights and freedoms of individuals. The absence of constitutional regulations that the legislator complies with can undermine or diminish the effectiveness of these rights and freedoms. Iraq is witnessing a legislative renaissance in many areas. In order to ensure the safety of these legislations, the latter must be in conformity with the constitutional rules and principles. In particular, the Iraqi Penal Code was promulgated in 1969 and many of its provisions have been amended to comply with the permanent constitution of 2005. While the authority of the criminal legislator is appreciated, its authority in this area is constrained by the obligation to abide by the principles of the Constitution on criminalization. Hence, the problem of the study is that the legislative or executive branch may go beyond its jurisdiction and attempt to violate the constitutional value of human rights and freedoms through criminalization, On the one hand, and on the other, that the authority in charge of the criminalization process may extend the scope of criminalization to include acts that are not such a threat to the security and safety of society, which leads us to ask what the constitutional controls on which the legislator Jinn In drafting the text of the criminalization? Did the 2005 Iraqi constitution comply with developments in the criminalization policy, or did it remain the same as the pre - 2003 constitutions? What is the role of the constitutional judiciary towards the constitutional controls of the criminalization policy, especially the Iraqi constitutional judiciary? We discussed this study in three chapters. In Chapter 1, we discussed the most important constitutional principles of the criminalization text, which the criminal legislator must not derogate from in all cases, the most important of which is the principle of the legality of crimes and punishments. In the second section, and in the second chapter we discussed the necessity and proportionality in the policy of criminalization, since the criminal legislator based on the officer of necessity and proportionality and is in the balance between the protection of rights and freedoms on the one hand and the protection of public interest on the other, What is the necessity of rotation In Chapter II, we discussed the effect of criminalization on the necessity and proportionality. In the third and final chapter, we examined the guarantees of the policy of criminalization of constitutional restrictions, since leaving the definition of crimes and penalties to the jurisdiction of the legislative authority does not mean that this authority has absolute freedom in this In order to ensure adherence to these principles, the control over the constitutionality of criminalization provisions plays a prominent role in this regard. On this basis, we discussed in the first part the limits of the authority of the criminal legislator towards rights and Reat, and in the scope of the second topic, we studied control over the constitutionality of the provisions of criminalization. In the end, we reached, through this study, a number of conclusions, the most important of which : The Iraqi legislator has allowed the idea of legislative authority in the field of criminalization, both in the Constitution and the Penal Code, and we have concluded that the necessity of criminalization intended for reasons or The mind of the legislator, which leads to the criminalization of certain forms of human behavior, in order to protect the social interests worthy of consideration. The proportionality of criminalization is the relationship between the need for criminalization (the purpose of criminalization) and the penalty prescribed for the offense (the effect of criminalization), so that the punishment is necessary to confront the crime; to achieve its objectives of public deterrence and deterrence. In this study, we have proposed that the Iraqi legislature adopt a system of double criminality instead of the Penal Code. The Penal Code is limited to mentioning crimes and misdemeanors, while the category of offenses within an independent group can be called the Administrative Penal Code. We have also instructed the criminal legislator to put in place sufficient and effective criminal texts to enable it to deal with the effectiveness of criminal development and the methods of committing it under the new criminality.

الجرائم الناشئة عن عمليات نقل وزرع الاعضاء البشرية : دراسة مقارنة == Crimes arising from transfusions and transplantation of human organs (Comparative study )

Author name: عمار سليم هاشم
Supervisor name: الاء ناصر حسين
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Human organ transplants are a type of medical work, and are therefore generally subject to the same rules governing medical work. They have been regulated by the legislator by establishing controls or conditions that ensure that such practices do not depart from their specific legal framework in such a way as to ensure that The human body has respect for its dignity. The Iraqi legislator in the law of human organ transplants and the prohibition of trafficking No. 11 of 2016 prohibits the transfer of a human organ or tissue from the body of a living person for the purpose of implanting into the body of another living human except for a therapeutic necessity and must there is a proportional between the practical risks and benefits of treatment ,must have permission from those eligible to release it after inform them the full risks of the operation and with totally freedom will, The project also banned the transfer and transplantation of organs or genital tissues and that lead to the mixing of genealogies for violating the provisions of Islamic law and public morality, These operations were also prohibited under a special license issued by the Minister of Health, in addition to the general license for the practice of medical work, and the transfer and transplantation of human organs must be voluntary and without any financial compensation, The Iraqi legislator also paid attention first to the organization of organ transplants from the dead to the living quarters and stipulated that the transfer of organs from the dead should be approved by the dead before his death under a will or upon the consent of his heirs.The organization of organ transplantation and transplantation in this manner does not preclude the fact that these processes are still and will remain at the exclusion angle at least from the criminal point of view.The regulation of transplantation and transplantation of human organs in this way does not preclude the fact that these processes are still and will remain at the exclusion angle at least from the criminal point of view. Therefore, these operations must be organized with utmost care and precision, so as not to depart from the exception. To be between the two circles are the circle of exception and the Criminalization Chamber, if these operations came out of the exclusion Chamber, it will inevitably enter the circle of criminalization, violation of any condition of permitting the transfer and transplantation of human organs, these operations come out of the circle of exception and result in the crime of transfer and transplantation of And the imposition of sanctions and precautionary measures against anyone who contravenes the provisions of the Human Organ Transplantation Act.

الحماية الجـــزائية لـرئيس الجمهـــورية : دراسة مــقارنة == The Penal protection for the President (Acomparative study) By student Tabark Najim Abd

Author name: تبارك نجــــــــــم عبــــــــــد
Supervisor name: غازي حنون خلف الدراجي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The position of the republic president is one of the most significant positions in the state. The republic president is the sponsor of the independence, land safety, constitution and law, treaties of the state. He is the top official responsible for the application of the constitution and the existence of the state.The constitutional legislations shall contain legal articles ensuring legal protection for those who are in this position. One of these aspects of legal protection is the criminal protection which stands for two essential points. The first point is immunity. The republic state holds judicial immunity while practicing his tasks. In addition, he makes advantage of this kind of immunity even after the finishing of his tasks which he has conducted while he was in the office. The main purpose behind empowering this kind of immunity to the state president is to guarantee the republic president fulfills his tasks free. However, this immunity is not absolute as legislations put exceptions for some dangerous crimes. The second point is the enactment of legal articles condemning offending the republic president and proposing rigid punishment for such criminal behavior if it happens to the republic president in comparison to in ordinary individual. The position of the republic state in Arabic countries (including Iraq) is generally very important and critical. In spite of the change that happened after 2003, the collapse of the regime, the cancellation of 1970 interim constitution and the issuing of 2005 constitution that reduces the powers of the republic president, the person who occupies this position still holds large authorities as he is the president of the state and the protector of constitution. Thus, such position requires special criminal immunity characterizing him from other public officials. The problem statement The problem statement represents answering the following questions : Why most constitutions (including comparative ones) except Lebanese constitution don’t mention the objective or procedural immunity that the presidents of all states enjoy? The constitutional and international convention recognizes the principle of immunity for the presidents of all states, Why the law of judging the republic president designated by article (93/ sixth) of 2005 constitution in effect has not been issued yet?, Why the protection of the republic president is extremely exaggerated in disciplinary laws by tightening up punishment on those who offend the president?, Study plan The current study has been divided into introduction, preface section and two chapters as follows : Preface section entitled (the concept of the republic president) includes the definition of the concept of the republic president and his features, the authorities of the republic president and the period of his office. Chapter one entitled (what is the immunity of the republic president?) is divided into two sections : section one contains the concept of the republic president’s immunity locally; section two contains the concept of the republic president’s immunity internationally.Chapter two entitled (the criminal protection of the republic president) is divided into two sections : section one the protection of the republic president related to his body and life; section two the protection of the republic president related to his honor and status. The study has been ended up with conclusion,contain findings and recommendations

الجريمة المرورية في التشريع العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == TRAFFIC CRIME IN THE IRAQI LEGISLATION A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Author name: جعفر عبد الرضا عبد الخالق
Supervisor name: عماد فاضل ركاب المالكي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Traffic crime is one of the crimes that affect people's lives, safety, and properties. The results of such crimes that is; death, injuries, and damage, according to statistics, are more influential than epidemics, in addition to the traffic jam. This study sheds light on the flaws and defects of the applied Iraqi Law of Traffic No. 68, 4002, as to conviction, prevention, and punishment. This research paper is divided into three chapters. The first one deals with its concept, the second deals with symbols of traffic crimes. While, the third one deals with the punishment of the crime, its aggravated circumstances, and its mitigated excuses. One of the results of the first chapter is that the Iraqi legislator does not secure the conditions of getting a driving license; that is, drugs - free test confirmed with medical reports, and age - restricted validity of the license. These conditions are suggested to the Iraqi legislator. The second and the third chapters deal with five crimes as to their sanctions, conditions, and sedative excuses. The study concludes that the Iraqi legislation of sanctions lakes the following : - The Iraqi legislator does not criminate driving with invalid license (clause 1, Section41), yet he renders it as a misdemeanor (clause H - 00), Appendix (A) : that deals with driving law, vehicles, fees of registering vehicles, fines of traffic violation, by stating " driving and registering license cannot be renewed". The study suggested this act is to be dealt with according to (section 41) of the applied Iraqi Law of Traffic, for it is a serious crime equals those included within this section. The Iraqi legislator sets short - term sanction to such misdemeanors. Courts of law apply those sanctions with suspension to save people involved in these crimes from the bad effects, who are mostly teenagers with clean record. Accordingly, criminals get away with it, for there is no proper sanction for such a crime. It is suggested that driving with invalid license should be criminated according to theIraqi law along with a fine that should be alternative to jail, and the judiciary estimates the proper sanction. - As to Drunk Driving or Drug Driving, the Iraqi legislator does not explain the phrase "under the influence of drinks or drugs" which mislead judges, make criminals get away with their crimes, and result in misinterpretation in verdicts. The study suggested altering the phrase (section 44) to mean : "when the driver is caught having drinks or drugs, he is to be criminated pursuant to the law within this section". When a crime is committed for the second time within a year, the Iraqi legislator enacts aggravated sanction. Yet, if the crime is committed for the second time within more than one year, sanction is different. It is suggested that differentiation in forcing sanctions as to committing the crime for the first or second time should be omitted because the motive is present in either case. - In section (40) which deals with harming people or their properties because reckless driving, the Iraqi legislator has not forced the appropriate sanctions. He holds only the driver to be responsible for the crime - without mentioning the pedestrian and passengers - and when he is in the act of driving. So, the indirect doer of the crime is not hold responsible. As to the sanction, the Iraqi legislator states that extreme conditions must be present; that is, stupidity and recklessness, and those are examples of improper legislations which should not be enforced. Also, pursuant to Iraqi law, being a fugitive in such cases is not considered aggravating act, while it is the case when the crime involves causing death. The study suggested altering (section40) in order to eliminate inappropriate sanctions. - In (section 42), the Iraqi legislator has missed forcing the proper sanctions again as it is the case in (section 40). The sanction of this crime is imprisonment, which means : it is considered a felony. When reviewing the verdicts, it is noticed that those legislations are not applied and it is replaced with fine. It means that these sanctions are not proper for the given crime, so it is recommended that prison sanction is replaced with jail. - In (section 48), there are misinterpretation of the Arabic content. The right interpretation of the section 48 is that the Iraqi legislator does not provide the coppers with protection and limits it to police officers in duty. The case is the same in aggravating conditions. The study suggested protection to be provided for both police officers and coppers while in duty or because of executing it.

الجرائم الماسة بالطرق العامة : دراسة مقارنـــة == Crimes against public roads Comparative study

Author name: صفاء سالم عناد الخزعلي
Supervisor name: محمد اسماعيل ابراهيم المعموري
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الطرق العامة مرفقا هاما للدولة ، ويشكل الاعتداء عليها جريمة تضر المجتمع والدولة ، اذ اولى المشرع اهتماما خاصا بها من خلال النص على العديد من الجزاءات التي تفرض على مرتكبي هذه الاعتداءات، الا انه لم يرد تعريف للجريمة في اغلب تشريعات الدول وانما اكتفت بتحديد الافعال التي تعد جرائم وبيان العقوبات المخصصة لها ، وكذلك حددت انواع هذه الجرائم الماسة بهذه الطرق من حيث الجسامة الى جناية وجنحه ومخالفة ، وحدد المشرع العراقي في قانون العقوبات رقم (111) لسنة 1969 المعدل ، والقوانين الخاصة الافعال التي تقع على الطرق العامة وتعتبر جرائم ، اذ نجده يعرف الطرق العامة بانها الممر المبلط او غير المبلط المخصص لمرور المركبات ويلاحظ ان قانون الطرق العامة العراقي يشمل الطرق العامة الرئيسة بين المدن والجسور على اختلاف انواعها الواقعة داخل حدود امانة بغداد والبلديات وخارجها ، ويتكون الطريق العام وفقا للقانون العراقي من عدة انواع منها الطريق السريع والطريق الرئيس والطريق الثانوي وغيرها، ولا تاتي الجرائم الماسة بالطرق العامة من حيث الجسامة على وتيرة واحدة فهي تاتي بوصفها من الجنايات او من الجنح او من المخالفات، وقد تناولنا عدة تطبيقات على الجرائم الماسة بالطرق العامة في التشريعات الجنائية ، وهي جريمة تخريب الطرق العامة والتي تنجم عنها اثار خطيرة اذ من شانها شل عمل الدولة ، وقد يكون الهدف من جريمة الطرق العامة ارهابيا او سياسيا او اقتصاديا مما يزيد الخطر على الطرق العامة ، فذهب المشرع الجنائي الى توفير الحماية لها بوصفها مصلحة جديرة بالحماية، وتناولنا جريمة سرقة مستلزمات الطرق العامة التي تكمن اهمية دراستها في مدى ماتمثله الطرق العامة من اهمية بالنسبة للدولة بشكل عام وللمجتمع بشكل خاص ، فتهتم الدولة بانشاء الطرق العامة وتمدها بكافة المستلزمات الضرورية للاستفادة من الطرق العامة ، وكذلك تناولنا بعض الجرائم الماسة بالطرق العامة في التشريعات الجزائية الخاصة ، وهي جريمة التجاوز بالبناء على محرمات الطرق العامة وجريمة الاضرار بالطرق العامة، وقد توصلنا في نهاية الدراسة الى جملة من الاستنتاجات والمقترحات ،فوضعنا تعريف للجرائم الماسة بالطرق العامة بانها الافعال التي تمس بالطرق المملوكة للدولة والمخصصة للمنفعة العامة والتي جرمها القانون ووضع لها عقابا، وجريمة تخريب الطرق العامة تتحقق بالفعل الذي يسبب الدمار الكلي او الجزئي الذي يلحق بالطرق العامة باستعمال المتفجرات او القنابل اليدوية او باي طريقة اخرى تؤدي الى اتلاف الطريق او تعطيله او الحاق القدر البليغ به سواء شمل الدمار الطريق العام بصورة كلية او جزئية، واقترحنا تعديل نص المادة (11) من قانون الطرق العامة لتكون بالشكل الاتي : ( يعاقب...اولا - الحق ضررا بالطرق العامة من شانه عرقلة السير والمرور ، ثانيا - ارتكب اي فعل يشكل خطورة على مستعمل الطريق | The public roads are an important annex to the state. The attack is a crime that harms society and the state. The legislator has paid special attention to them by stipulating many of the penalties imposed on the perpetrators. However, The Penal Code No. (111) for the year 1969 amending the Penal Code, and the special laws that are applicable to public roads and are considered crimes, as we find it, Know the ways It is noted that the Iraqi Highway Law includes the main public roads between the cities and bridges of different types located within the borders of the Municipality of Baghdad and the municipalities and beyond. The general road is formed according to the Iraqi law of several types including the highway, the main road and the road Secondary and other, and crimes are not serious in general ways in terms of gravity at a single pace they come as a crime or delicts or irregularities, and we have dealt with several applications on crimes harmful to public methods in criminal legislation, The public roads, which have serious effects, can paralyze the work of the state. The crime of public roads may be terrorist, political or economic. This would increase the danger to public roads. The criminal law is intended to protect it as a worthy interest. The public roads that are important to study in the extent of public roads are of importance to the state in general and to society in particular. The state commits itself to the construction of public roads and supplies them with all the necessary necessities to benefit from public roads. And we have reached a conclusion of the study to a number of conclusions and proposals. We have defined the crimes that are harmful to the public roads as acts that affect the state - owned and public - interest methods that have been criminalized by law and punishable, And the crime of vandalism of public roads is actually achieved, which causes the total or partial destruction of public roads by means of explosives, grenades or in any other manner that leads to the destruction of the road, its disruption or the apprehension thereof, Or in whole or in part, and we proposed to amend the text of Article (11) of the General Roads Law to be as follows : (((Punishable ... First - damage to public roads would obstruct traffic and traffic, and II - committed any act that is dangerous to the user of the road

دور المجني عليه في المسؤولية الجنائية : دراسة مقارنة == The Role of The Victim in The Criminal Responsibility : Comparison Study

Author name: صادق يوسف خلف الياسري
Supervisor name: عمار تركي عطية الحسيني
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: It became clear to us through this study to understand the phenomenon of criminal and stand on the causes, not only on the study of the behavior of the offender and his willingness innate social composition of the commission of the crime stop, but one must look at the victim and the extent of his role in the crime committed against him, as the study showed that the victim it contributes in some way to the creation of the idea of the crime or facilitate the offender, for example, we noticed that in the case of legitimate defense contributes to the victim in the emergence of the danger spot illegal toward the defender (attacker), forcing the latter to repel that threat and thus a crime, and we also find in the case of a serious provocation to the offender and caused by the victim, as is the case in a crime caught in the act of adultery, as it leads to a state of anger and intense emotion to the offender stricture freedom of choice leading to the commission of the crime, and there are quite a fraction of the crimes contributes to the victim in the occurrence, has part of it was clarified in this study.The study of the role of the victim in the criminal responsibility was not limited to the area of criminality, but also included the role of the victim in the estimation of the sentence, through a more severe punishment on the offender for some reason the availability recipe especially the victim, or the existence of a relationship linking the perpetrator to the victim, the legislator believes is inappropriate to turn a blind eye about it, because it discloses (shows) the gravity of the crime and the seriousness of the offender and the victim at other times reduces punishment for the perpetrator or stop into force, the desire of the Criminal legislator to maintain and strengthen the family's interest.And also in the field estimate punishment, this study provides a list of criminal legislator of victim Ctmaliyn who are more likely than others to fall victim to a crime, and therefore the legislature to intervene to protect them and provide them with protection criminal.In the end of this study, we had many recommendations and results .One of these results is that the victim plays a role in allowancing some of the criminal acts in the case of legitimate Right, The danger posed by the victim is described as current and illegal in addition of the inability of the defender to take over the public authority to repel that danger then the defender's action is necessary and therefore the right of legitimate is being available here. But the act of the defender must be commensurate with the act of aggression; otherwise, it would become a transgressor of the right. By the way, one of our recommendations in this study, we suggest that the Iraqi legislature make the review on the Article 422of the Iraqi Penal Code,by using the term (Child) instead of juvenile, Even children under the nine age

المسؤولية الجزائية عن الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة : دراسة مقارنة == The Criminal Responsibility for The False Commercial Advertisements comparable study

Author name: امنة كاظم سعدون
Supervisor name: عقيل عزيز عودة
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: العراق هو احد دول الاقتصاد الحر الذي يقوم على المنافسة الحرة في اسواق الانتاج والخدمات ، واذا كان السوق في المفهوم الاقتصادي ، لقاء العرض بالطلب فان الدعاية التجارية هي التي تخلق السوق ، ومن باب اولى توسع دائرة السوق نفسهوالا سوق بلا دعاية ، والاخيرة يعنى بها عبارة عن مجموعة من الاجراءات الفنية التي تقوم بها مؤسسة ما ببثها من اجل الحصول على الزبائن ، او زيادة عددهم ، او الحفاظ عليهم وبذلك فان للدعاية التجارية غرضين هما تحفيز المستهلك للاقبال على شراء السلع والخدمات والثاني هو خلق منافسة بين السلع والخدمات المشابهة . وبذلك فان الدعاية التجارية وفق المفهوم المتقدم لا تشكل خطورة على الواقع الاقتصادي وعلى العكس من ذلك فهي تتبوا مكانة هامة في تسويق المنتجات مما يعود بالنفع على المنتجين والموزعين وبالتالي تساعدهم في تحقيق الارباح ومن جانب اخر فانها تساعد المستهلك للتعرف على المنتجات في ظل تعدد وتنوع تلك المنتجات ، ولكن اساليب المنافسة التجارية المستخدمة من قبل منتجي السلعة الواحدة تدفع البعض منهم الى اللجوء لشتى الوسائل قد تكون مشروعة او غير مشروعة وذلك من اجل زيادة عملية الشراء من قبل مستهلكي السلع التي ينتجوها بحيث ضاع مفهوم الكسب المشروع والتعاون على ماينفع الناس وطغت الاهواء الجامحة والسعي الى الربح السريع وغير المشروع اضرارا بجمهور المستهلكين ، مما يستدعي وضع ضوابط قانونية محكمة لمنع تزايد هذه الظاهرة ، ولكن يجب الملاحظة بان الدعاية حتى وان تضمنت معلومات هدفها التاثير النفسي والتهويل والاثارة والمبالغة فانها برمتها لاترقى الى مستوى عدم المشروعية من الناحية القانونية ، لان ابراز محاسن المنتجات ومزاياها دون التطرق الى السلبيات والتشويق النفسي المخالف للحقيقة والواقع ، هو امر طبيعي طالما ان الهدف من الاعلان التجاري هو ترغيب المستهلك ودفعه لشراء المواد المعلن عنها ، وان البطاقة الاعلامية وجدت اصلا لبيان المخاطر التي تنتج عن هذه السلع ، ولكن اذا تضمنت تلك الدعاية من المعلومات المضللة والكاذبة او غير الواضحة عن حقيقية السلعة فان مثل هذه الظروف تدفع المستهلك الوقوع في غلط الذي يلحق به ضررا كبيرا . ولما كان التشريع يعكس واقع المجتمع الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والمفروض انه يواكب التطورات التي تطرا على المجتمع ، لذلك برزت الحاجة الملحة الى وجود قانون يوفر الحماية اللازمة للمستهلك من الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة ، وتجسيدا لذلك صدر قانون حماية المستهلك 2العراقي رقم (1) لسنة 2010 ولكن مع هذا فانه تبين لنا مدى قصوره في معالجة جريمة الدعاية الكاذبة حيث ان النصوص القانونية الواردة في هذا القانون لم تكن كافية لمعالجة التجاوزات والمخالفات العديدة التي ترتكب في يومنا هذا ، من خلال اساليب الخداع المتطورة التي تمارس فيها الدعاية فاننا نلاحظ اهمية وجود نص قانوني موحد وشامل ينظم ويعالج الدعاية التجارية ويحدد الجرائم التي يمكن ان ترتكب من خلالها . وفي ضوء ماتقدم فقد تم تقسيم هذه الرسالة والموسومة بـ ( المسؤولية الجزائية عن الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة ) الى ثلاثة فصول : تناولنا في الفصل الاول دراسة الاطار النظري للدعاية التجارية الكاذبة في مبحثين وبينا فيه مفهوم الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة وتعريفهواخلصنا الى انها مجموعة من الادعاءات والبيانات المخالفة للحقيقة التي تقوم بها بعض الشركات المنتجة وغير المنتجة ببثها او كتابتها سواء تم ذلك بالاعلان التجاري او بالبطاقة الاعلامية .كما عرضنا لاطار القانوني لجريمة الدعاية الكاذبة من حيث الاساس القانوني لتجريمهواتمييزها عما يشابهها .وتكلمنا في الفصل الثاني عن الاحكام الموضوعية والاجرائية التي تحكم جريمة الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة ، وبحثنا فيها الركن المادي والمعنوي للجريمة ثم تطرقنا الى الشروع والمساهمة فيها ، ثم عرضنا الى اهم الاحكام الاجرائية التي تتميز بها هذه الجريمة .واستعرضنا في الفصل الثالث اهم الاثار لهذه المسؤولية من حيث نطاقها من حيث الاشخاص والجزاء المترتب عليها ، وذلك على مبحثين ، فتطرقنا في المبحث الاول حدود هذه المسؤولية من حيث الاشخاص التي تشمل ( المعلن ، المنتج ، المحترف ، الناقل ) وكذلك تناولنا موضوع المسؤولية الجنائية عن فعل الغير في جريمة الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة وامكانية مسائلة الشخص المعنوي عنها . ثم انتقلنا الى اهم اثر يترتب على هذه المسؤولية وهو الجزاء وقسمنا الجزاء الى العقوبات والتدابير الاحترازية ، بحيث تشمل العقوبات الاصلية والتكميلية اما التدابير فتناولنا منها ماهو متعلق بهذه الجريمة .اخيرا بخاتمة هذه الرسالة ضمناها اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلنا اليها ، وخلصنا الى المقترحات التي يمكن الاخذ بها في هذا المجال لاسيما دعوتنا للمشرع العراقي الى ان يخصص فصل مستقل لجريمة الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة يتناولها من حيث صورهواعناصرهوااركانهواالجزاءات المترتبة عليها . | As a matter of fact, Iraq is really considered as one of the free economic countries which relied upon the free competition in the markets of production and services. If we may pin down markets in the economic conception, as the meeting of supply and demand, therefore, the commercial advertisement will be the cause that creates markets. So it is best to enlarge the market circle itself, as there is no market without advertisement. And advertisement now means as a bunch of the technical procedures in which a corporation may spread on for having customers or increasing their numbers or keeping them up . Therefore, a commercial advertisement has two purposes; firstly, to motivate consumers to buy merchandises and services, and secondly to create competition amid merchandises and similar services. Thus, commercial advertisement, according to the recent conception , it does not represent a risk on the economical reality. And contrarily , it does have an important position in marketing productive merchandise. And that will bring about and advantage to the makers and distributors. And will help them to achieve profits in one hand. And on another hand it will help consumer to recognize the productions under various number and type of these productions. Probably sometimes, the ways of the commercial competition used by the makers of one stuff may impel some to use various kinds of ways whether it is be legal or illegal. In order to increase the purchase operation by merchandise consumers which they do produce. So, in this way that may cause to lose the concept of the legal trading and cooperation for what benefits people, and the extreme desires are overwhelmed and the seeking for fast and illegal profit do harm customers. Thus, it demands to put the finger of arbitrary legal regulations to hold back increasing such phenomena. There has to be in mind that advertisement , even it includes information of the psychological effect, intimidation and exaggeration and suspension, it does not reach an illegal level at the law side. Because showing the productions, advantages and traits, without touching upon the disadvantages and psychological suspension will not be fit properly with facts and reality. It is really a natural matter as long as the reason for commercial advertisement is headed to motivate consumers and egg them on to buy the merchandise advertised about. The informative card is already created for defining the risks that may be produced by this merchandise . but if it includes untrue and deceivable or unclear information about the merchandise reality, so in such circumstances may let fall in mistake which do extreme harm. As the legalization does reflect the economical and social society state. And it is supposedly to catch up with the development which took place to society, so indeed the constant necessity to be such a law will provide the required protection to consumers against untrue commercial advertisement. For embodiment such a law, it has been issued for Iraqi consumer protection, No 1 in 2010. But despite that, it is really be noticed by us its inability in healing the crime of untrue advertisements. As the legal texts mentioned in this law, were not fit enough to fix up the various misbehaviors and misconducts which have been committed in our present time. That done through the developed deceiving ways which have been practicing such advertisements . Thus, we notice the importance of presenting a comprehensive and unified legal text which organizes and healing the commercial advertisement ,as well as identifies the crimes that may be committed .In reverence to what has been mentioned, this thesis titled(The Criminal Responsibility for The False Commercial Advertisements) has been divided we highlight the concept of the untrue commercial advertisement and identifies and concludes that it is a bunch of claims and unreal data to reality in which some of producing or non - companies do spread or writes down what is done via the commercial advertisement or informative into three chapters : in the first chapter we dealt with studying the theoretical framework to the untrue commercial advertisements in two researches. In it card. A well as, we did refer to a legal framework against the untrue advertisement crime according to the legal foundation to incriminate and distinguish it from what is similar to. In the second chapter we talked about the punitive and objective regulations which dominate the untrue advertisement crimes. And in it, we searched the immaterial and material pillar for crime, then we touch upon to attempt and taking part in it . later we worded up to the most important punitive rules which are distinguished by this crime. In the third chapter we took up the most important tracks of this responsibility according to its scope to individuals and the required punition for it. That done in two researches; in the first research we touched upon the limits of this responsibility, according to individuals who are included ( advertiser, producer, professional, transfer). Then we dealt with the punitive responsibility subject on indirect person action in the crime of untrue commercial advertisement and the possibility of holding to account the artificial personality . Later we shifted into the most important track which may impose over such responsibility ,i.e. punition. Then we divided punition into preventive penalties and due process, including complementary and original penalties. As for due process we dealt with what belonged to this crime.Lastly at the end of this thesis ,we include in it, the most conclusions we reach to, and resulted to the suggestions that may be taken in this field. Specifically out calling upon for the Iraqi project to keep an independent chapter for the untrue commercial crime that is dealt with according to its pictures, elements, pillars and punitive that caused by
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