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التحليل المكاني لمناسيب المياه الجوفية ونوعيتها في القسم الجنوبي الشرقي من قضاء الزبير == SPATICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER LEVELS AND THEIR QUALITY IN THE DISTRICT OF AL - ZUBAIR USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS(GIS) AND WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI)

Author name: حنين صادق عبد العباس الركابي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي | حسين بدر غالب المنصوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد المياه الجوفية من المصادر الاساسية في الموارد المائية لانها تستخدم في العديد من مجالات الحياة المهمة كالزراعية والمنزلية والصناعية. ويتحكم في اهمية المياه الجوفية عاملان اساسيان وهما كل من المنسوب الذي يحدد امكانية الاستفادة من المياه الجوفية زيادة على نوعيتهاالتي تؤثر بدرجة كبيرة على مدى امكانية استخدام هذه المياه في الاستعمالات المختلفة. اقتصرت هذه الدراسة على الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من قضاء الزبير لتمثل منطقة الدراسة، اذ تقع فلكيا بين دائرتي عرض”27 ’35 °30 - ”33’01 ° 30شمالا وخطي طول”30 ’58 °47 - ”30’22 °47 شرقا وتقدر مساحتها بما يقرب من2687 كم2لتمثل 27% من مساحة القضاء الاجمالية، وتمتاز هذه المنطقة بتركز الابار والكثافة النسبية في استخدامات المياه الجوفية والري الزراعي. اشتملت هذه الدراسة على تحليل التباين المكاني والزمني في مناسيب المياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة خلال المدة 2010 - 2014، وقد انتخبت 15 بئرا لهذا الغرض. لقد اظهرت الدراسة تباينات مكانية وزمنية في المنسوب الجوفي، اذ ترتفع المناسيب في الجهات الجنوبية الغربية من منطقة الدراسة بمقدار32.05 متر في حين تنخفض في الجهات الشمالية الشرقية بمقدار2.36 مترا، ويرجع السبب في ذلك الى جملة عوامل ابرزها عامل السطح. اما التباينات الزمنية فكانت غير نمطية مع موسمي الشتاء والصيف ما يعطي مؤشرا قويا على ضعف العامل المناخي والامطار في التاثير في المنسوب الجوفي فيما تمثل دور الاستخدامات البشرية في المياه في الري الزراعي العامل الاكبر في تلك التباينات. كما اشتملت هذه الرسالةعلى دراسة نوعية المياه الجوفية اذ انتخب 30 بئرا لهذا الغرض وقد جمعت 30 عينة في موسم الشتاء (شباط) و30 عينة في موسم الصيف (اب) وذلك للكشف عن الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيمائية في المياه الجوفية اذ قيس كلا من الاس الهيدروجيني (PH) ودرجة الحرارة (درجة مئوية) والتوصيلية الكهربائية EC)) حقليا . اما الخصائص الكيميائية التي حللت مختبريا شملت كلا من المواد الذائبة الكلية(TDS) والعناصر الرئيسة التي شملت الايونات الموجبة وهي الصوديوم (Na) والكالسيوم(Ca) والمغنيسيوم(Mg) والبوتاسيوم(K) والايونات السالبة وهي الكلوريد(Cl) والكبريتات(SO4) والبيكاربونات(HCO3). اظهرت نتائج التحليلات الحقلية والمختبرية تباين الاس الهيدروجيني بين7.40 و7.1 ودرجة الحرارة بين31.5 و26.5 درجة مئوية والتوصيلية الكهربائية بين1405 و4410 ديسي سمنز/متر فيما تباين معدل تركيز المواد الذائبة الكلية بين 10005 و3205 ملغم/لتر وعلى الرغم من ارتفاع تركيز جميع الايونات الرئيسة في مياه الابار المدروسة غير ان هنالك سيادة الى ايوني الكالسيوم والكلوريد اذ يرتفع معدل تركيز الكالسيوم (Ca) الى768.1 ملغم/لتر ليمثل اعلى الايونات الموجبة في حين يرتفع معدل تركيز الكلوريد (Cl) الى2279.4 ملغم/لتر ليمثل اعلى الايونات السالبة. لقد تم مقارنة الخصائص النوعية للمياه بالمعايير العالمية والعراقية لتحديد مدى صلاحيتها للاستخدامات المختلفة واتضح عدم صلاحية المياه للعديد من الاستخداماتفقد تجاوز معدل المواد الذائبة الكلية (TDS) الحدود المسموح بها للشرب والري الزراعي والاغراض الصناعية عدا بعض الاستثناءات | Groundwater is a major source of water resources in arid area because it is used in agriculture, domestic and industrial. The importance of groundwater is controlled by two main factors : the level determining the potential for groundwater utilization, and the quality of water, which greatly affects the extent to which water can be required in different uses.This study was confined to the south - eastern part of Al - Zubayr district to represent the study area. It is located between two latitudes 30° 35’ 27” - 30° 01’ 33” and longitudes 47° 58’ 30” - 47° 22’ 30”. The total area is estimated at 2687 km2 representing 27% of the total area of the district. This area is featured by use of wells and the relative hight in the uses of groundwater and agricultural irrigation.This study included analysis of spatial and temporal variation in groundwater levels in the study area during the period 2010 - 2014, and 15 wells were selected for this purpose. The study showed spatial and temporal variations in the groundwater level, with elevations in the southwestern regions of the study area rising by 32.05 meters, while in the north - eastern regions it decreased by 2.36 meters, due to a number of factors, most notably the surface factor. Typical of the winter and summer seasons, which gives a strong indication of the weakness of the climatic factor and rain in the influence of the groundwater level, while the role of human uses in water for irrigation is the biggest factor in these disparities.This thesis included a study of groundwater quality whereas 30 wells were selected for this purpose and 30 samples were collected during the winter season, and 30 samples were collected during the summer season to detect the physical and chemical properties of the groundwater. Measures for pH, temperature and electrical conductivity have been recorded by field . As for the chemical properties that analyzed by laboratory were TDS and the main elements included the Cations such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and the negative ions such as (chlorides) (Cl), sulfate (SO4) and bicarbonate (HCO3). The results of field and laboratory analyzes showed pH variation between 7.40 and 7.1 and the temperature between 31.5 and 26.5 ° C and the electrical conductivity between 1405 and 4410 dsi / m and the average of total concentration was between 10005 and 3205 mg/L although the concentration of all main ions was high in wells water that under study but mainly with calcium (Ca) to 768.1 mg/L represents the highest Cations while the concentration of chloride (Cl) increases to 2279.4 mg/L that represents the highest Anions.The specific characteristics of the water were compared to international and Iraqi standards to determine their suitability for different uses and the water was unsuitabile for many uses. TDS exceeded the permissible limits for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes except for some uses

تقييم كفاءة طرق النقل البرية في محافظة ميسان

Author name: خالد حمود مسعد البخاتي
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Transportation
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with evaluating the efficiency of land transportation in Maysan city which is located south of Iraq between (47,30 - 46,15) latitude from the north and between (46,030 - 47,30) longitude from the east. Its population is 1,108,492 according to the 2016 census. Its area is (16072) km2 which is surrounded by Wasit city from the north, Islamic Republic of Iran from the east, Basra city from the south, and Thi - Qar city from the west. The current study is essentially based on the statistics of 2016 in addition to the field study of land transportation roads, using geographical information systems and statistical means. It is also based on the formal data gained from related governmental and institutional offices, in addition to conducting the necessary interviews.

الامكانات الجغرافية لزراعة الخضروات في محافظة ذي قار == Geographical abilities For the Farming of the Vegetables in Thi - Qar Governorate

Author name: ماجد عبد الله جابر التريجاوي
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير المناخ على امراض الجهاز التنفسي (حساسية الجهاز التنفسي والربو) في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في المناخ التطبيقي

Author name: ايمان نعيم غضبان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Study of climate in Basrah and its impact on Asthma and other diseases of the respiratory system have revealed the following : - 1. Climate is the most effective factor in the study. Rise of temperature, increase of evaporation and the little humidity content in soil because of the little rainfall make it possible for the wind, particularly north and northwestly wind that is dominant in the area under study, to carry the decomposed particles of soil. This is particularly true in case of the alleviatory plain which constitutes a %50 of the area of the governorate. This area is characterized by being generally plain from the north to the south and that makes it easy for the wind to blow from it. These factors greatly affect the soil in many places in the governorate; especially its western part and the unused lands in the alleviatory plain because of lack of agriculture and of natural plants which protect soil. Because of all these reasons, dust increases in the area under study.2. Areas outside the range of the study have obvious effect on carrying the particles of soil from the surrounding governorates like Thi Qar and Muthana. Thi Qar, in particular, witnesses repeated dust storms. This, in turn, increases the amount of dust in the western part of the area under study. Most of the lands in these governorates are arid and dust coming from them dominates when northwestly wind blows. Dust may come from the deserts in the neighboring countries such as the Arab Peninsula, the great African desert, sham desert and Sinai. Increased iron in the dust of the area under study is brought by the dust storms coming from the neighboring countries to the governorate. These are also other factors that increase asthma and other diseases of sensitivity in the respiratory system.3. Dust increases in summer because of rise of temperature. Variation of temperature during the day leads to prevalence of dust. Also, currents that carry dust are made, more upwards and draw the dust particles from their sources. Therefore, dust prevails in the governorate is the afternoon when temperature is the highest during the day. 4. The water surface (marshes and swamps) in the eastern part of the governorate that occupy big area (3182 Km2) of the land during flood decrease the rate of asthma and other sensitivity diseases of the respiratory system in the towns and municipalities of the governorate such as Qurna and Mediana where these surfaces become places for settling dust and soil down. This is contrary to the case is the western part of the governorate where there are no such water surfaces. But, sometimes, these water surfaces have negative impact on the population in the governorate when temperature rises and humidity increases during summer and the weather becomes very tiring especially when the wind is still. The area under study is affected by the Arabian Gulf when the south easterly wind that is filled with humidity blows during summer. Because of this wind, patients of asthma, in particular, suffer repeated symptoms of the diseases.5. The rate of the diseases under study increases in the governorate in : a. Spring because of the existence of pollen and residue of the insecticide and fertilizers in air. b. Autumn in comparison to summer because of rising in temperature and increase of humidity in the atmosphere. c. Winter because of the low temperature and the high relative humidity.d. The many periods of heat rise in summer.6. Man contributed a lot to the increase of rate of diseases of the respiratory system in the area under study particularly after 1990. The year 1991 witnessed the highest rate of dust storms. Soil was very highly decomposed because of the movements of the explosives that were used, the different soil barriers that were made and man’s wrong practices in agriculture and grazing. Man, also, does not follow the appropriate means to stop sand dunes that reach many forms, factories and roads.7.Means of transportation in most areas of the governorate cause increase of still and moving dust because they are usually not good for movement and transportation. Any movement of these means causes dust. Besides, means of transportation release different dangerous pollutants that negatively affect the respiratory system.8. Petroleum refineries, electricity power stations, flour mills and ice factories are located near the population areas. This means that little care is given to the palming of the governorate. These establishments are also, reasons of such diseases. 9. Basrah, particularly recently, is exposed to dust because of the little green area in and around it. Construction processes reduce such areas that work to refresh and refine air. It is, therefore, very necessary to full the empty spaces with trees, to take care of private and public gardens and to clean roads and allocate specific places for gar bage. Besides, old wet houses in some places in the governorate contribute to increasing the diseases under study.10. Wet salty lands in Basrah governorate are considered as a type of desertification that pollutes air with salt and diminishes many lands that are fit for forming. 11. All the above mentioned reasons raise the number of patients of asthma and other sensitivity diseases of the respiratory system. The total number of such patients was during the time of the study as following : 85320 patients of sensitivity diseases and 119366 patients of asthma

اساليب انقاذ اسرى المسلمين من النصارى في الاندلس 92 - 897 ه / 710 - 1491 م == Techniques of Saving Moslem captives in Andalusia (92 - 897 AH / 710 - 1491 AD )

Author name: هدية خشن صوب الله الموسوي
Supervisor name: حسين جبار مجيتل العلياوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الامام علي عليه السلام في كتاب الطبقات الكبير لابن سعد البصري 230هـ844م : دراسة تحليلية نقدية == Imam Ali (peace be upon him) : A Study in lbn Sa'd's The Book of the Major Classes ( Arabic : Kitab Tabaqat Al - Kubra) : An Analytical Critical Study

Author name: هادي عبد الزهرة عبد السادة الديراوي
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم النصر الله
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المساعدات الكويتية لبعض بلدان المشرق العربي 1961 - 1981 : دراسة تاريخية == Kuwaiti aids to some countries of the Arab Orient ( 1981 - 1961)A.D (Historical study)

Author name: نجوان حسن سبع الشاوي
Supervisor name: فراقد داود سلمان الشلال
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الموقع الجغرافي للكويت وتاريخها السياسي والاقتصادي 1752 - 1961 | سمات وانواع المساعدات التنموية والمعونات الكويتية | اولويات السياسة الخارجية الكويتية | العلاقات الكويتية ببعض بلدلن المشرق العربي | The study aims at showing the prominent role of the state of Kuwait in providing the assistance many decades ago. In other word when the economy of Kuwait has developed since the oil discovered through supporting growth in eastern countries. The aids have increased locally and officially to support Arab countries.Kuwait has created Kuwait fund for Arab Economic Development since its independence, which has been considered the most important economic support funds in Middle East.This fund is considered as an important economic means to highly providing support for Arab countries. Besides, Kuwait has followed the dinar policy throughout creating the Kuwaiti Fund of financing all projects within the years 1961 - 1981.The objective behind granting aids by Kuwait to strengthen their political interests through Arab countries gain. Their growth while having international and reginal crises, the aids had many forms within which were political aids to support the situations of Arab issues.Even the artists have their own contributions to support Arab issues. As obvious, as much as the Kuwaiti financial capacity increases, it refers to huge oil flow in terms of huge oil flow during the Seventies. Therefore, the aids covered the International and Arab countries.Kuwait also considers providing aids is a national duty necessary for the development of nations. Kuwait duty is also not limited to providing aids but it extents to encompass the role of mediator to solve many problems.

الاحوال الدينية في مدينة طيبة من الاسرة الحادية عشرة حتى الاسرة العشرين (2134 ق . م - 1085 ق . م) == Religious Conditions In the City Of Thebes From the 11th to the Twentieth Dynasties (2134 - 1085

Author name: مها جواد نصار المنصوري
Supervisor name: ايمان شمخي جابر المرعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: شهدت مصر في تاريخها القديم خصوصا في عهد الدولة الوسطى والحديثة انتقالة كبيرة ساعدت في رفع مكانتها والنهوض بوضعها السياسي والحضاري. وكانت مدينة طيبة سببا لهذا النهوض. فعند قيام الدولة الوسطى كان الوضع السياسي في مصر غير مستقر؛ بسبب غارات البدو الذين استطاعوا ان يتسللوا الى منطقة الدلتا، وذلك عائد الى سياسة الدولة القديمة القائمة على مبدا السلم والمهادنة بعد سقوط السلالة السادسة( دخلت البلاد في فترة اضطراب وفوضى على اثر تحول الادارة من حكومة مركزية ذات سلطة مطلقة بيد الملك الى حكومة لا مركزية بيد حكام الاقاليم) على عكس الدولة الوسطى عندما استطاع امراء طيبة في القضاء على اهناسيا واعادة الوحدة ما بين مناطق مصر التي كانت قد قسمت الى ولايات صغيرة خلال عصر الانتقال الاول ، وجعل طيبة عاصمة الدولة خلال الاسرة الحادية عشرة حتى اطلق على الدولة الوسطى لقب (الفترة الطيبية الاولى). وفي منتصف عهد الدولة الوسطى لا سيما في حكم الاسرة الرابعة عشرة سيطر الهكسوس على مصر، وكانت اوضاع البلاد سيئة، واخذت طيبة على عاتقها تخليص البلاد من سيطرة الهكسوس التي دامت قرابة مائة وخمسين سنه ، واعادة الوحدة والتوازن في البلاد للمرة الثانية من التاريخ المصري القديم، وتزعمت هي ومعبودها الاله "امون" البلاد، واصبحت العاصمة الرسمية لمصر، وشهدت مصر بفضل طيبة والاله "امون" عهدا جديدا من التوسع والسيطرة والانتعاش الاقتصادي والتطور العمراني وبخاصة في مدينة طيبة في البر الشرقي منها والغربي ، واصبحت من اكثر المناطق الاثرية في مصر ثراء وشهرة على المستويين المحلي والعالمي، وظلت اهمية طيبة الدينية وعلو شان معبودها امون في مصر كلها حتى نهاية العصر الفرعوني وطوال العصر اليوناني الروماني ايضا ، ولهذا عمرت طيبة بكثير من الاثار التي بهرت العالم وتعد سجلا كاملا لتاريخ مصر . ومن هذا المنطلق جاءت رغبتي في اقتناء موضوع هذا البحث الموسوم ( الاحوال الدينية في مدينة طيبة من الاسرة الحادية عشرة حتى الاسرة العشرين) قسمت الدراسة الى ثلاثة فصول ومقدمة وخاتمة تطرقت في الفصل الاول الى الاحوال الجغرافية والسياسية في مدينة طيبة خلال عهدي الدولة الوسطى والحديثة، وقسم الفصل على مبحثين، تناولت في المبحث الاول موقع مصر الجغرافي وموقع مدينة طيبة واثر هذا الموقع في طرق التجارة بين البحر الاحمر ومصر، وتناولت في المبحث الثاني الاحوال السياسية لمصر خلال عهدي الدولة الوسطى والحديثة لما تركته طيبة من اثر بارز في الصعيد السياسي ونظرا لان الفصل الثاني يتحدث عن صلب الموضوع فقد اسهبت في الحديث عنه فكان عدد صفحاته لا يتناسب مع الفصل الاول والثالث ، وقد عنونته بــ (المعتقدات الدينية في مدينة طيبة) ، وقسم الفصل على ثلاثة مباحث وتطرقت في المبحث الاول لبعض المعتقدات الدينية في مصر لاعطاء خلفية عن الديانة المصرية قبل الغور في ديانة طيبة ، في حين تناولت في المبحث الثاني الالهة الرئيسة والثانوية( وتجدر الاشارة الى ان الالهة الثانوية كانت رئيسة في مدن اخرى الا انها اخذت دور ثانوي في مدينة طيبة) والاجنبية في مدينة طيبة ولاسيما معبودها الرئيس امون، وكرس المبحث الثالث لدراسة الكهنة واخناتون من حيث نشوء دعوة اخناتون وتطورها ، ومقومات الدعوة ، والتاثيرات العقائدية المؤثرة في الدعوة، وتطرقت كذلك للصراع الديني السياسي بين الكهنة واخناتون، فضلا عن اسباب عدم نجاح الدعوة وترسيخها في المجتمع والحياة المصرية ، واثر الدعوة في الحياة الدينية والاجتماعية في مدينة طيبة . ويدور الفصل الثالث حول دراسة (المعالم والرموز الدينية في مدينة طيبة) وقد قسم بدوره على ثلاثة مباحث، تناولت في المبحث الاول المعابد، وقد تطرقت لمعابد البر الشرقي ( معابد الالهة ) كمعبد الاقصر، ومعابد الكرنك، ومعابد البر الغربي ( معابد جنائزية ) كمعبد منتوحتب، ومعبد الرمسيوم، ومعبد حتشبسوت ، ومعبد رمسيس الثالث ) في مدينة طيبة ، وتناولت في المبحث الثاني (المساكن) في مدينة طيبة خلال عهدي الدولة الوسطى والحديثة، في حين تناولت في المبحث الثالث مقابر مدينة طيبة خلال عهدي الدولة الوسطى والحديثة اعتمدت الدراسة على عدد من المصادر والمراجع العربية والمعربة المهمة فضلا عن المصادر الاجنبية والدراسات الاكاديمية، لعل من ابرزها : الجزء الثاني من كتاب الحضارة المصرية لمحمد بيومي مهران الذي اغنى الرسالة بكثير من المعلومات المتنوعة وبالاخص المعتقدات الدينية، وكتاب مصر الفرعونية لاحمد فخري والجزء الثالث من كتاب حضارة وادي النيل لجيمس بيكي افادني في اعطاء معلومات قيمة عن المعالم العمرانية في مدينة طيبة لا سيما المقابر، وكتاب طيبة او نشاة الامبراطورية لكلير لالويت الذي وضح دور طيبة السياسي في قيادة البلاد في عهد الدولة الحديثة، وكتاب محمد عبد القادر محمد اثار الاقصر ، والكتب الدينية مثل كتاب الدين المصري لــــ خزعل الماجدي وكتاب الديانة المصرية لـــ ياروسلاف تشرني ومؤلفات ادولف ارمان مصر والحياة المصرية والديانة المصرية وغيرها من الكتب الدينية التي اغنت الموضوع وقدمت معلومات قيمة وهامة عنه . واستفدت من الدراسات الاكاديمية السابقة وتاتي في مقدمتها اطروحة الدكتوراه المعبودات المصرية في كل من مصر واليمن القديم للدكتور احمد علي الطيب الزراعي وكذلك رسالة الماجستير الثالوث في مصر القديمة حتى نهاية الدولة الحديثة للباحثة هبة عبد المنصف ناصف ، وكذلك اطروحة الدكتوراه الصلات الحضارية بين بلاد وادي النيل وبلاد الشام خلال العصور التاريخية القديمة (3100 - 1064ق.م) للدكتور جاسم شهد وهد.وقد اعتمدت في ترتيب سنوات حكم الملوك على الجزء الاول والثاني من كتاب تاريخ مصر القديمة للمؤلف رمضان عبدة علي ، الا ان سنوات حكم الملوك من (الاسرة الثالثة عشرة الى الاسرة السابعة عشرة) او ما يسمى بالعصر الوسيط الثاني الذي يعتبر من اكثر فترات التاريخ المصري غموضا قد ندر على الباحثين معرفة الشيء الكثير عنهم.واتقدم بوافر شكري وتقديري الى كل من ساعدني واسهم معي في انجاز هذا الموضوع وتقديمه بالشكل المرضي وفي الختام اتمنى ان اكون قد وفقت في انجاز دراستي بالشكل المقبول والمرضي وان اكون قد اسهمت بشيء بسيط في رفد المكتبة العربية في تاريخها القديم في هذه الدراسة التي لم ابخل بشيء فيها من جهد ومتابعة ،وان كانت الاخرى فاجري من اجتهد فاخطا ، وهذه الحقيقة العلمية المطلقة فله الحمد سبحانه على ما انعم والصلاة والسلام على النبي الخاتم واله الميامين وسلم تسليما كثيرا. | The city of Thebes was one of the most important Egyptian cities especially in the ages of the modern and middle state. It has played an important role in liberating the country from the control of the Hyksos and restoring unity in Egypt. It has become one of the most famous archaeological areas in Egypt. Religion and the god Amon continued to have influence in Egypt until the end of the Pharaonic era and throughout the Greco - Roman era, and this nation has many of the effects that dazzled the world and is a complete record of the history of Egypt. All these and other reasons represent the motives for choosing the subject of religious conditions in the city of Thebes from the 11th to the twentieth dynasties (2134 - 1085). The current study is divided into three chapters : introduction and conclusion. The first chapter deals with the geographical and political conditions in the city of Thebes, chapter three illustrates the urban features of the city.The most important conclusions in this study are : 1 - The development of the Egyptian religion during the reigns of the middle and modern state was represented by the rise of a family that does not have fame and influence to the main god in the city ,and soon a new body appears to diminish the influence of the former ancient god. During the transitional era, the fame of Amon begins to spread and the political and priestly status plays a prominent role in making Amon a major monument in the whole country for it took all the attributes of other gods.2 - The religion of Amon underwent stages during the reigns of the modern and middle state. Initially, it was one of the elements of the Ashmounin during the reign of the ancient state. During the Middle Kingdom, the worship was established after becoming a local god in Thebes and then merging with the god Ra to gain influence and power of Ra. The modern state became the main god in the country and assumed an important position, but during the reign of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) a change took place in the site of Amon and replaced by the god Aton, but soon the Amon priests could restore Amon to its central place. 3 - The priests in Thebes played a prominent role in the history of Egyptian society, whether on the political or religious level. Priests of Thebes were the hidden hand that moves the course of events in ancient Egyptian history through the creation of religious myths and making people believe in such myths.4 - The emergence and the establishment of the political and religious call of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) was the most important historical event in the history of ancient Egypt, and it was considered as a turning point in the radical renunciation of the multiplicity of gods and the worship of one god(Aton). Although this stage was not really successful, but it represented an important era of ancient Egyptian history. The most important pillar was the religious and ideological reality of Egypt through the influence of that call on the essence and aspects of religious beliefs. In the period of religious conversion to the worship of the god Aton, people in Thebes turned to the worship of popular and useful gods instead of the great gods that lost their influence as a result of the political and religious conflict of Akhenaton.

محمد ناصر ودوره التربوي والثقافي والسياسي في العراق حتى عام 1967 == Mohammed Nasser and his Educational Cultural and Political Role in Iraq untill 1967

Author name: علاء عريبي غانم
Supervisor name: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: هذه الرسالة هي دراسة تاريخية لمحمد ناصر الذي كان احد اوائل الشخصيات التي ساهمت في تطوير التعليم في العراق وكان ايضا باحثا ومحاضرا وكاتبا ومترجما يتقن اللغة الانكليزية وقليلا من اللغة الفرنسية وشغل العديد من المناصب في الدولة الادارية والوزارية كما كان لد ادوار وانشطة سياسية وثقافية طول المدة وجودة في الحكومة حتى عام 1967 وكانت هذه الرسالة تسلط الضوء على سيرته الشخصية والتعليمية والسياسية والثقافية في العراق , وتتكون الرسالة من مقدمة وثلاث فصول وخاتمة يتناول الفصل الاول دراسة حياته المبكرة , نشاته ومراحل تعليمه , وقسم عنا الفصل الاول الى مبحثين , الاول بين نسبه ونشاته وبعض ملامح شخصيته في حين تطرق المبحث الثاني الى دراسته والوظائف التي شغلها حتى عام 1965 وبحث الفصل الثاني نشاطه السياسي الوطني القومي على مرحلتين حتى عام 1958 واشتملت على مشاركته في التظاهرات ضد زيارة الفرد موند في 8 شباط 1928 ومشاركته في التظاهرات التي كانت تطالب بالاستقلال وانهاء الانتداب 1930 ودوره في تاسيس جمعية الجوال العربي 1934 - 1941 وموقفه من حركة مايس 1941وموقفه من العدوان الثلاثي على مصر 1956 والمرحلة الثانية بحثت في المدة من ثورة 14 تموز 1958 وحتى عام 1966 وبينت موقفه من ثورة 14 تموز 1958 وموقعه من انقلاب 8 شباط 1963 وموقفه من بعض القضايا الوطنية ما بين 1964 - 1966 , اما الفصل الثالث فقد تحدث عن محمد ناصر وزيرا وباحثا ومحاضرا وتكون من اربعة مباحث تناول الاول استيزاره لوزارة التربية والتعليم من 31 /كانون الثاني - 17 /حزيران/ 1964 ومنجزات الوزارة في عهده اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول محمد ناصر وزيرا للثقافة والارشاد من 6 /ايلول /1965 - 6 /اب/ 1966 ومنجزات الوزارة في عهده واستعرض المبحث الثالث معظم مؤلفاته ومقالاته ما بين 1963 - 1990 , في حين تضمن المبحث الرابع ظروف سفره الى الكويت في عام 1967 . | This thesis is a historical study of Muhammad Nasser, who was one of the early figures in the development of education in Iraq. He was also a researcher, lecturer, writer and translater who mastered the English language and a little French. He held many positions in the state, Administrative and ministerial. He also had political and cultural roles and activities throughout his tenure in the government until 1967This thesis was to highlight his personal and educational role, political and cultural in IraqThe thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the study of the early life of Muhammad Nasser, his beginnings and the stages of his education. This chapter is divided into two sections, the first containing his origin, proportions, extras and some aspects of his personality. While the second topic dealt with the study of Mohammed Nasser Specialist and the functions he occupied in 1964The second chapter examined the activities of Muhammad Nasser national and national politician, in two stages, the first until 1958, including his participation in the demonstrations against the visit of the Al Ferd Mond in February 1928, as well as his participation in the demonstrations calling for independence 1930 and his role in the establishment of the AL - JAWAL AL - ARABI Association 1934 - 1941 and his position of the May 1941 movementAnd his position on the tripartite aggression against Egypt 1956 and the second stage followed from the revolution of July 14, 1958 until 1966, and touched on the position of Mohammed Nasser from the revolution of July 14, 1958, as well as his position on the coup of February 8, 1963. Muhammad Nasser was an ambassador in the Soviet Union 1964 - 1965 and his position on some national issues Between 1964 - 1966The third chapter Which is about Mohammed Nasser, minister, researcher and lecturer, consists of four topics , the first dealt with the receipt of the Ministry of Education from 31/1/1964 to 17/1/1964 and the achievements of the ministry in his reign. The second topic dealt with Mohammed Nasser Minister of Culture and Guidance from 19/6 / 1965 until 6/8/1966 and the achievements of the ministry in the era of the third article reviewed the writings and articles of Muhammad Nasser, while the fourth section included his travel to Kuwait in 1967

قوات بدر 1982 - 1991 : دراسة تاريخية == Badr Troops 1982 - 1991

Author name: مروة محمود حمود المالكي
Supervisor name: حسين عبد القادر محيي التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraqs political history was full of events ,notably the so - called1968 revolution and the Baathists militarily hold of power. Since then ,the situation in lraq has gradually worsened to the extent of the suppression of freedoms in all their forms,whether political or religious, accompanied by campaigns of prsecution and arrests.This bad situation generated an adverse reaction , especially when the injustice of the former regime extended beyond all borders such as carrying out deportations of citizens accused of having lranian origin. So, what is known as the Islamic opposition has appeared .It has taken from the Islamic Republic of Iran as headquarter ,mainly after the Islamic revolution in Iran .Gradually , this opposition developed to take on the armed struggle against the regime and crystallized in to what is know as Badrs Troops or Badirs Corp established in 1982.Bard's troops were not built on a sectarian basis,but included number of those belonging to other sects and religions and ,moreover, of other nationalities. One of the most important goals of these troops was to topple regime in lraq and to establish a national democracy system.Abstract These troops have carried out several military operation from the beginning of the establishment until the outbreak of the popular uprising called Al - Intifada Al - Shabaniah in lraq in 1991.The most prominent of these battles was the Battle of Taraba Territory where Badeis .though sacrificed many martyrs ,didwell and derived the regime to lose so many equipment and soldiers.The struggle continued during the yearsof Iran - Iraq war .The continuation of this struggle was supported by Iranian government , especially after the welcome of Iranian opposition know as the Mujahedeen - e Khalq by the regime in Iraq which also sought to change the government in Iran.Bard's corps has participated in Al - Sgabaniah in 1991, but it did not use all its heavy weapons perhaps because of the Iranian government s unwillingness to do so after the improvement of the relationship between the two countries (I.e. Iraq and Iran) as well as Iran s fears that the change would be at the expense of its strategic security if US controls Iraq and this threatens its national security.

سياسة المملكة العربية السعودية تجاه سوريا 1961 - 1973 : دراسة تاريخية == Saudi Arabia Policy Toward Syria 1961 - 1973 (Historical study)

Author name: محمود حبيب سالم
Supervisor name: ناظم رشم معتوق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of "Saudi Arabia's policy towards Syria between 1961 - 1973" is an important topic in contemporary Arab history. The period was characterized by many regional and international events and developments that naturally influenced the relations between the two countries. The first attempt at unity among the Arab countries One of which was Syria, as well as the war of Yemen in 1962, which had a great impact on the division of the Arab world into two blocs representing the first conservative countries led by Saudi Arabia and the second progressive countries led by Egypt, Syria has chosen to stand by the last bloc, The thesis absorbed attempts to restore unity between Syria and Egypt, in addition to Iraq, represented by the tripartite unity signed in 1963, which took revenge on the Riyadh government's fears and pushed it to work to abort it.Moreover, in 1966 King Faisal was active in calling for the formation of an Islamic alliance of Islamic states, which the Syrian government considered an extension of the Baghdad alliance (1955 - 1959), which it regarded as a tool of colonialism. Syria at a time whenit was in the internal Syrian is witnessing a power struggle between the poles of the Arab Baath party, which was in power. Also saw the mentioned period June war occurred in 1967 and the resulting implications for inter - relations between the Arab countries, including Syria and Saudi Arabia, as the dispute between the two countries on the policy to be taken towards Israel and relations with its supporting countries, especially United States one of the reasons for strained relations Between the two countries. In addition to the Palestinian guerrilla action and its reflection on the nature of the relationship between the two countries, this is represented by the events of Black September in 1970. Relations continued to deteriorate between Riyadh and Damascus until the corrective movement took place. The new Syrian leadership adopted a more moderate policy than its predecessor, and Hafiz al - Assad, who was in charge of improving Syria's relations with Arab countries, especially with Saudi Arabia, drove Syria out of political isolation. - Syria improved significantly until the war of October 1973 began to start a new chapter in relations between the two countries.The thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion that included the most important conclusions reached by the researcher. Boot a historical review of the policy of Saudi Arabia towards Syria until 1961, guarantees, and political relations between the two countries, ranging from deterioration and improvement depending on the circumstances surrounding the two countries.The first chapter came entitled "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's policy toward Syria from 1961 until 1966" and encompassed three sections, taking the first : Saudi Arabia's policy toward Syria separation 28 / September 1961 coup until 1963 included the second : the position of Saudi Saudi Arabia from the coup of March 8, 1963 in Syria. The third topic was devoted to the study : political relations between Saudi Arabia and Syria from the tripartite unity talks 1963 to 1966.The second chapter was devoted to the study of the "tension of Saudi - Syrian political relations between 1966 and 1968." The era of relations between the two countries was marked by the crisis of relations between the two countries. The first chapter of this chapter was devoted to highlighting Syria's position on the Islamic alliance in 1966, Syria. The second topic was devoted to the study : Israeli Attacks on Syria and its Impact on Saudi - Syrian Relations from 1966 to the Six - Day War in 1967. The last topic to discuss the impact of the June 1967 war on Saudi - Syrian relations was the period of Arab and international events and developments, The nature of the relationship between the two countries. Finally, the third chapter was devoted to the study of "Saudi Arabia's policy towards Syria from 1968 to 1973". He dealt with three questions. The first dealt with the Saudi policy towards Syria 1968 - 1969. This stage was characterized by continuous tension in Saudi - Syrian relations. The second section examines the position of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the Syrian intervention in the creation of September in Jordan (September Black). The last section was devoted to shed light on : the corrective movement in Syria on 6/11/1970 and its impact on improving Saudi - Syrian relations until In 1973.The conclusion highlighted the findings of the letter by following the policy of Saudi Arabia towards Syria in the period under study.

موقف الحلفاء الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وبريطانيا من الاجتياح الالماني لاراضي الاتحاد السوفيتي 1491 - 1491 اعتمادا على الوثائق السوفيتية == Allies Stance - United States of America and United Kingdom - Against the German Sweep of the Lands of the Soviet Union (1941 - 1945) in the light of soviet documents

Author name: محمد يعقوب يوسف
Supervisor name: حيدر عبد الرضا حسن التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: After WWII (1939 - 1945) , the allies had realised the risks at the political and economic levels in case of the over domination of the Nasists spreading out in Europe. Since then, they had started putting forward military tactics to stop the German sweep. Even much more, they had taken some serious steps taking advantage of the German announcement abolishing the treaty of friendship signed with the Soviet Union and the start of a large - scale military campaign to invade its territory on the 22nd of June 1941.Although the Soviet army was reluctant to resist the German invasion of their territory, the German forces took control of several important Soviet cities such as Stalingrad, which had led to several military campaigns to overthrow Moscow. The United States of America and Britain were deeply concerned about the growing Nazi threat to their interests and their influence in the region. So they decided to provide the military and political support necessary for the Soviet leadership of Hitler's expansionist plans in the Soviet Union. Accordingly, Washington had started to strengthen its relations with Moscow by holding several meetings with representatives of the Soviet government to discuss the latest developments at the military level. The Britain, represented by the Prime Minister Winston Churchill had made an agreement with its counterpart the Soviet PM - Joseph Stalin to unite their military efforts in order to expel the Germans from the territory of the Soviet Union.The significance of the current study lies in answering the following controversial questions that remained unanswered in the study of this important era in the history of the world, namely : What is the official and non - official position of the allies of the German invasion of the territory of the Soviet Union? Did the above - mentioned allies (US administration and the UK) provide enough political and military support to the Soviet Union in order to expel the Germans from its territory?Due to the different explanations proposed by researchers in the field by giving a clear view of the American and British position on the German invasion of Soviet territory on the one hand, and the absence of any academic study - except for what was written about the history of the Second World War - in the Iraqi universities, we decided to examine the subject in question, utilizing the Soviet books and documents that are related to the study of World War II that could help to answer the research question.The nature of the study necessitates that the research plan is based on the historical sequence of events, except for some of the sections in the thesis. The study, thus, includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion.Chapter one presents the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the position of the Allies (June 1941 - November 1941). Chapter two highlights the position of the United States and Britain, considering the German invasion of the territory of the Soviet Union (22 June 1941 - December 1942(. Chapter three investigates the role of allies' conferences, in providing support to the Soviet Union (January 1943 - December 1943 . ( Chapter four discusses the position of the Allies of the Soviet victories over German forces and Stalin's demands at the Potsdam conference held in (1944 - 1945). Our most important conclusion is that the military and logistical assistance provided by the Allies played a major role in the Soviet resistance against the German invasion of their lands.

محن علماء الكوفة 17 - 334هـ / 638 - 946م == The Dilemmas of Kufa Scientists (17 - 334 A.H/ 638 - 964 A.D.)

Author name: محمد عبود مهدي الشرع
Supervisor name: عادل اسماعيل خليل العبود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Prais be to God! Blessing and peace be upon the most experienced and patient prophet and upon his family who apprised of the message .Since Kufa became populated in 17 A.H. /638 A.D. , it has taken over an important role in forming the events of the Islamic History. It was founded to be a base for the army and a starting point for the conquests of the Islamic armies heading for the east and the west. It was lodged at by the best companions of the prophet among of whom were three hundred and seventy from those of Al - Ruthwan pledge of Allegiance under the tree and those Badr Battle. Moreover, the Kufa society was the successor of Alheera society which had been known for its civilized, intellectual and political development. Therefor, Kufa became highly developed with the abundance of its scientists (jurists, men of prophetic Tradition and Koran Sciences, Science of Arabic language, and even poets)as compared to the other Islamic countries. Kufa became of great importance especially when Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib (peace and blessing upon him) made it the center of the Islamic Caliphate instead of Medina .Choosing this path, Kufa had to be ready for the beginning of the dilemmas, especially the scientists for their distinguished position and great influence on the society. Those scientists had undergone great sufferings and dilemmas for their attitudes which were not in agreement with the policy of the authority .Studying the scientists dilemmas is considered to be one of the essential and sensitive topics that is required to be highlighted. As Kufa was abounded in scientists who were exposed to dilemmas on part of the authority, the choice of this topic is to know those.scientists and their various kinds of their dilemmas : political,intellectual,military,economic,and,social .However,the effect of those dilemmas was so severe that they had their impact on the society of Kufa .

العراق في عهد الوالي العثماني محمد نامق باشا (1862 - 1868) == Iraq in the age of Namiq pasha (1862 - 1868)

Author name: كاظم صبري لفتة الزركاني
Supervisor name: باسم حمزة عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اهتمت مؤسساتنا العلمية الاكاديمية بدراسة تاريخ العراق الحديث خلال العهد العثماني المباشر على العراق (1831 - 1914 )، وتصدر ذلك الاهتمام دراسته من كل الجوانب خلال حقب ارتبطت ببعض الولاة العثمانيين الذين حكموا ايالات العراق كالوالي على رضا اللاظ والوالي مدحت باشا ، فضلا عن الدراسات الاخرى التي اهتمت بالجوانب والاصلاحات العثمانية في ايالة بغداد ، خلال حقبة ( 1831 - 1869 ) وقد تناولت عدة جوانب منها سياسية واقتصادية واجتماعية ، في الحقبة المذكورة الا انهم لم يسلطوا الضوء على دور محمد نامق باشا كوالي للعراق والتي حدثت تطورات كبيرة في مختلف المجالات وقد اولاها الباحثون الاهتمام القليل في دراساتهم. جاء سبب اختيارنا للموضوع ( العراق في عهد الوالي العثماني محمد نامق باشا 1862 - 1868 ) ، لانه ليس هناك دراسة اكاديمية تناولته ، وحتى الباحثون الذين درسوا فترة القرن التاسع عشر تناولوا اجزاء من التطورات التي حدثت ، وعلى الرغم من كثرة وتعدد الكتابة في هذا المجال فان هناك فترات لم تنل الاهتمام المطلوب وذلك الاسباب كثيرة ربما ابرزها هو تردد الباحثين بتناولها خشية كفايه المعلومات المتوفرة حولها الامر الذي يجعلها لا ترتقي الى مستوى الدرجة العلمية التي يبتغي الباحث الحصول عليها . كما ان تلك الشخصية والمتمثلة بنامق باشا تعتبر على قدر من الاهمية وذلك لما لها من ظهور بارز ليس في ايالات العراق فحسب بل تعدى ذلك الدور ليشمل مجموعة من ايالات الدولة العثمانية وهذا جعله من الشخصيات البارزة خلال النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر فضلا عن ادارته المتميزة في ولايته الثانية للعراق وهي موضوع الدراسة. تناولت هذه الدراسة مقدمة واربعة فصول وخاتمة. تناول الفصل الاول ( الاوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية منذ انتهاء حكم المماليك حتى ولاية محمد نامق باشا 1831 - 1862) ، تضمن المبحث الاول ( الاوضاع السياسية ) وقد ركز على نهاية حكم المماليك في العراق ، وعودة الحكم العثماني على ايالة بغداد ، وربطها بالادارة المركزية ، وبداية اصطدام الدولة العثمانية بالعشائر في ايالة بغداد وتوابعها ، واتسمت تلك الحقبة بالفساد في الادارة العثمانية في ايالات العراق ، وكذلك قوة شوكة العشائر ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد جاء بعنوان ( الاوضاع الاقتصادية ) وتحدث عن سوى الاوضاع الاقتصادية في العراق ، وانتشار الاوبئة والامراض ، وثقل الضرائب على السكان ، كما تناول استحداث بعض الوظائف العثمانية في ايالة بغداد ، وقيام بعض الولاة باصلاحات في المجال الاقتصادي ، وتحسين حالة الفلاحين ، وتطرق الى بعض الحرف التي ظهرت في العراق ، وصناعة العراق ، وكذلك تناول تجارة العراق وطرق نقلها ، فضلا عن صادرات العراق ، اما المبحث الثالث فجاء بعنوان ( الجيش والاوضاع الاجتماعية في العراق ) وقد تحدث عن اهمية المؤسسة العسكرية العثمانية ودورها في حفظ الامن في ايالة بغداد ، واقسامها ، اضف الى ذلك اوضاع العراق العامة وما اصابها من اهمال ، وتدهور اوضاع السكان الصحية والتعليمية في النصف الاول من القرن التاسع عشر. اما الفصل الثاني فقد سلط الضوء على ( الاوضاع السياسية والعسكرية في العراق خلال ولاية محمد نامق باشا 1862 - 1868 ) ، وقد تضمن ثلاثة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول منها ( حياة محمد نامق باشا وتدرجة في المناصب ) ، تناول هذا المبحث حياته ودراسته ، وتدرجه في المناصب العسكرية وتوليه منصب الوالي لعدد من الايالات العربية . اما المبحث الثاني ( الاوضاع السياسية في العراق خلال ولاية محمد نامق باشا 1862 - 1868) ، وتناول اعمال نامق باشا السياسية التي اختلفت عن ولايته الاولى ، واضراب العشائر التي امتنعت عن دفع الضرائب ، وارسال الحملات العسكرية المتكررة الى وسط وجنوب العراق على العشائر، وتحويلها الى مراكز ادارية تتبع الحكومة المركزية، وتحويل المشيخة الى وظيفة حكومية . اما المبحث الثالث ( الاوضاع العسكرية في العراق 1862 - 1868 ) ، فتحدث عن اهمية المؤسسة العسكرية العثمانية في العراق ، وتاسيس الجيش السادس في العراق ودوره في بسط السيطرة العثمانية على ايالات العراق ، وتقسيمات وصنوف الجيش السادس ، ومحاولات تطبيق التجنيد الاجباري . بينما جاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان ( الاوضاع الاقتصادية في العراق خلال ولاية محمد نامق باشا 1862 - 1868 ) ، وقسم الى ثلاثة مباحث ، تناول الاول منها ( تطور الطرق والمواصلات خلال ولاية محمد نامق باشا ) ، اذ كانت الطرق والمواصلات في النصف الاول من القرن التاسع عشر كسابق عهدها في مسالة الاهمال ، الا ان النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر شهد اهتمام الدولة العثمانية والدول الاوربية بوسائل النقل المختلفة نتيجة تطور الصناعة والتجارة وازدياد الطلب على المواد الاولية الاستهلاكية التي كانت ايالات العراق تنتجها وازدياد الطلب عليها في اوربا ، لذا سعت الدول الاوربية للبحث عن طرق جديده لربط الشرق بالغرب بواسطة طرق النقل والتجارة ، بينما كرس المبحث الثاني ( الزراعة ) ، وتطرق هذا المبحث الى الاوضاع الزراعية وما يرتبط بمنتوجات ايالات العراق والطرق المستخدمة في زراعة المحاصيل والخضروات والانواع التي تنتجها . اما المبحث الثالث ( الصناعة والتجارة ) ، تميزت الصناعة في النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر بتطور ملحوظ عما كانت عليه في النصف الاول من القرن المذكور وظهرت صناعات محلية تميزت بجودتها ونافست الصناعات الاوربية وتميزت كل منطقة بنوع من الصناعات ، واخذت التجارة بالتطور والانفتاح على السوق الخارجية وذلك بسبب تطور الطرق والمواصلات وازدياد الطلب على السلع العراقية والمواد الاولية التي تدخل في الصناعة . اما الفصل الرابع فقد جاء بعنوان ( الاوضاع الاجتماعية والعمرانية والنفوذ الاجنبي في العراق خلال ولاية محمد نامق باشا 1862 - 1868 ) ، وقسم الى ثلاثة مباحث ، تضمن المبحث الاول ( الاوضاع الاجتماعية ) ، وقد ركز على طبيعة المجتمع العراقي وتركيبه الاجتماعي ووضع المراة والاوضاع الثقافية والتعليم والحالة الصحية خلال ولاية محمد نامق باشا .اما المبحث الثاني ( الاوضاع العمرانية ) ، وتطرق هذا المبحث الى الحالة العمرانية في العراق ونشاة بعض المدن كمدينة العمارة والعزيزية والاعمال العمرانية في الاضرحة المقدسة والترميم الذي جرى فيها ، وبناء المعسكرات . اما المبحث الثالث ( النفوذ الاجنبي في العراق ) ، وتناول اهتمام الدول الاوربية في العراق من اجل تحقيق مصالحها واستثمار رؤوس الاموال الاجنبية في العراق عن طريق انشاء الشركات التجارية . اعتمدت الدراسة على مجموعة متنوعة من المصادر تراوحت مابين الوثائق المنشورة والرسائل والاطاريح الجامعية والكتب العربية والمعربة والاجنبية وتاتي في مقدمتها الوثائق المنشورة سالدانة والكتب الوثائقية وكان اهمها ديلك قايا ، كربلاء في الارشيف العثماني 1840 - 1876، وغيرها من المصادر الوثائقية المهمة. كما اعتمدت الدراسة على مجموعة كبيرة من الدراسات الاكاديمية ( الرسائل والاطاريح الجامعية ) ، وكان ابرزها محمد عصفور سلمان العراق في عهد الوالي مدحت باشا ( 1869 - 1872 ) ، ورسالة محمد نوري مهدي ، الاصلاحات العثمانية وتاثيرها على الادارة (1831 - 1869) ، ورسالة نيزك عبدالكريم سعيد ، الادارة العثمانية في ايالة بغداد ( 1831 - 1869) ، وغيرها من الدراسات الاكاديمية التي امدت الموضوع بمعلومات قيمة . كما اعتمد الباحث على مجموعة كبيرة من الكتب العربية والمعربة كمصدر مهم لتوثيق الحقائق الواردة في الدراسة ، وهي متنوعة ومختلفة الاراء والاتجاهات بحسب دوافع وتوجهات كل كاتب ، ونشير الى اهم الكتب التي استند اليها الباحث وهي ، الاب سهيل قاشا ، الموصل في القرن التاسع عشر 1839 - 1909 ، وكذلك مؤلف الاستاذ عبد العزيز سليمان نوار ، تاريخ العراق الحديث ، ومؤلف جعفر الخياط ، صور من تاريخ العراق ، ستيفن هيمسلي لونكريك ، اربع قرون من تاريخ العراق الحديث ، وكذلك ج.ج. لوريمر ، دليل الخليج القسم التاريخي منها والجغرافي ، وكذلك مؤلفات يعقوب سركيس . اما المجلات فقد رفدت الدراسة بمعلومات عن العراق خلال ولاية نامق باشا الثانية ، علي كامل حمزة ، الحلة في عهد الوزراء العثمانيين 1831 - 1869 دراسة في الاحوال السياسية مجلة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية جامعة بابل ، وكذلك حازم مجيد احمد ، الصراع والتمرد العشائري واثره على الاقتصاد العراقي 1850 - 1914 ، مجلة سامراء ، وغيرها من البحوث المهمة. لقد واجه الباحث في اثناء الدراسة معوقات كثيرة تكاد لا تخلو منها اي دراسة اكاديمية وياتي في مقدمتها ، ندرة المعلومات عن الفترة المدروسة بين 1862 - 1868 ، وغيرها من الصعوبات الاخرى كمثل عدم القدرة الى الوصول لمدينة الموصل الحدباء تلك المدينة التي تعتبر غنية بمصادر التاريخ العثماني ، وعلى الرغم من ذلك حاول الباحث تذليل الصعوبات واعطاء الدراسة استحقاقها مع مراعاة التسلسل الزمني ووحدة الموضوع ، فان هذا لا يعني ان البحث يخلو من الاخطاء غير المقصودة ، فجل من لا يخطئ ، وارجو ان اكون قد وفقت في اعداد هذه الدراسة على نحو يرضي مشرفي واعضاء لجنة المناقشة ، شاكرا جهودها واكمال نواقصها والله ولي التوفيق. | Our academic institutions and studies have shown clear - cut interest in studying the modern history of Iraq during the direct Ottoman rule of Iraq (1831 - 1914). The reason for our choice (Iraq under the Ottoman Governor Muhammad Namiq Basha 1862 - 1868), is the shortage of research covering this field. The nineteenth century dealt with parts of the developments that occurred at that time, and despite the multiplicity of writing in this area, there are periods that did not receive the attention required, for many reasons, perhaps the most prominent is the reluctance of researchers to address it for fear of insufficient information available around, such topics.This personality, represented by Namiq Basha, is considered of a paramount importance because of his prominent appearance not only in Iraq, but also in the Ottoman State, which made him of a special prominent figure during the second half of the nineteenth century as well as his outstanding management in his second term for Iraq. It is the subject of the study. This study is of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter is devoted to the end of the rule of the rulers (Mamalik) in Iraq, the return of the Ottoman rule to Iraq, and its connection with the central administration. It also discloses the poor economic situation in Iraq, burden of taxes on the population, reforms by some governors in the economic sphere, and the situation of peasants. It has spoken out about the importance of the Ottoman military establishment and its role in maintaining security in the Baghdad area. As to the second chapter, it has highlighted the (political and military conditions in Iraq during the reign of Namiq Basha 1862 - 1868). It has revealed the life of Namiq Basha and his appointments to the posts and his political works which differed from his first rule, and punishment of tribes that refrained from paying taxes. Moreover, it sheds light on the importance of the Ottoman military establishment in Iraq, the establishment of the Sixth Army in Iraq and its role in the extension of the Ottoman control on the Iraqi regions.While the third chapter entitled "The economic Situation in Iraq During the Reign of Namiq Basha 1862 - 1868" is well discussed , because the second half of the nineteenth century saw the interest of the Ottoman Empire and the European countries in various means of transport as a result of the development of industry and trade and increased demand for consumable raw materials that were produced in the Iraq regions.Besides, it makes a mention to the agricultural situation and all that is related to the products of Iraq's regions, and how the industry was characterized with in the second half of the nineteenth century, and emergence local industries characterized by quality competing European industries.The fourth chapter, entitled "Social and Urban Conditions and Foreign Influence in Iraq during the Period of Namiq Basha 1862 - 1868", has studied the nature of Iraqi society, the social structure, the status of women, cultural conditions, education and health status during the period of Muhammad Namiq Basha. And it has made a reference to the emergence of some cities such as the city of Amara and Aziza, the construction of the holy shrines and the construction of camps. Finally it addresses the issue of how European countries have drawn their attention to Iraq to achieve their interests

الطيران المدني العراقي 1933 - 1979 : دراسة تاريخية == Iraqi Civil Aviation (1933 - 1979)A Historical Study )

Author name: فلاح حسن عاتي البهادلي
Supervisor name: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study focusses on civil aviation in Iraq to show its importance in the history of Iraq especially in keeping up with the global developments and international relations. It consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter introduces civil aviation. It reviews the establishment and development of civil aviation in the world, focusing on the development of civil aviation in Britain and the beginnings of its entry into Iraq until 1932.The second chapter covers the role of Britain in the establishment of civil airports in Iraq between 1933 and 1939. It tackles how Britain has used its military airports for civil purposes. It also discusses the establishment of civil airports in Baghdad and Basrah through the cooperation between Iraq and Britain.The third chapter deals with Iraqi civil aviation between the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and the fall of the Monarchy in 1958. Moreover, it touches on the impact of the Second World War on the activity of that aviation. Particularly, it emphasizes the development of the aviation after that war when a new stage has been established for the Iraqi Airways through the development of civil aviation at the international level. The fourth chapter reviews the development of civil aviation between 1958 - 1979. It tries to explain the effect of political developments in Iraq following the fall of the Monarchy in 1958 and its impact on civil aviation. It then comments on the development of civil aviation at the national and international levels during the first Republican Era (1958 - 1968) and the second Republican Era (1968 - 1979). The Study ends up with a number of conclusions

كتاب مروج الذهب للمسعودي مصدرا عن تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام : دراسة نقدية تحليلية == Mawrouj al - Zahab book for Masoudi is a source of the history of the Arabs before Islam Analytical Critical Study

Author name: فرقد طارق علي التميمي
Supervisor name: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Arab History Before Islam
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد دراسة تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام من الدراسات المهمة التي قام بها المؤرخين والدارسون العرب والاجانب لما لها من اهمية بالغة لدى الباحثين للتعرف على الموروث الحضاري العربي في تلك الفترة المهمة وكذلك لانها القاعدة الاساسية لدراسة تاريخ العرب بصورة خاصة وللدراسات الاسلامية بصورة عامة ، بالاضافة الى ذلك لرفع الظلم والحيف الذي اصاب تاريخ هذه الفترة لكون بعض المستشرقين والكتاب الذين درسوا تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام قد نفوا وجزموا بعدم وجود تاريخ للعرب قبل ظهور الاسلام فالعربي عندهم شخص ليس له ثقافة ولاحضارة ولم يتذوق المعرفة قبل الاسلام( )، وهذرااي لا اساس له من الصحة بسبب ان العرب قبل الاسلام كانت لهم حضارة كبيرة وواسعة تضم مختلف النواحي السياسية والاجتماعيه والاقتصادية والفكرية التي احتوتها الكتب التي تناولت تاريخ تلك الفترة. يعد كتاب مروج الذهب ومعادن الجوهر لابي الحسن المسعودي ( ت 346ه/957م) في مقدمة هذه الكتب الذي يضم بين دفتيه الكثير من المعلومات والروايات التاريخية التي تخص تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام في مختلف نواحي الحياة ولذلك تم اختيار الموضوع باقتراح من قبل استاذي المشرف الاستاذ الدكتور شاكر مجيد كاظم . ان الغاية الاساسية من هذه الدراسة هو بيان ماذكره المسعودي في كتابه مروج الذهب من روايات واخبار واحداث ومعلومات تخص تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام التي اوردها عن تلك الحقبة دون التركيز على موارده ومنهجية المسعودي في مادته التاريخية ، لان ذلك يتطلب دراسة منفصله قائمة بذاتها وهي خارج نطاق دراستنا ، علما بان هناك دراسة سابقة تناولت منهج المسعودي اعدها الدكتور سليمان عبد الله المديد السويكت بعنوان منهج المسعودي في كتابة التاريخ( ) ، وتناول الدكتور يوسف طارق السامرائي منهجية المسعودي في كتابه مروج الذهب بصوره مختصرة على الرغم بان السامرائي كان يحلل الاراء باسلوب تهجمي بعيد كل البعد عن الطرح العلمي( )،وكذلك يوجد بحث للدكتور جواد علي تتناول ايضا منهج المسعودي وموارده( ) ، بالاضافة الى بحث للدكتور احمد حسن الرحيم يتناول فيه منهج المسعودي في الجغرافية والتاريخ ( ) . وقد تناولنا الروايات والاحداث التي جاء بها المسعودي في كتابه مروج الذهب بالنقد والتحليل فقد ذكر الكثير من الاخبار والاحداث التاريخية عن تلك المرحلة ولكن دون تفصيلها بحيث كان عندما يتناول موضوعا ما يعطي اشارات بسيطة تحتاج الى الوقوف عليها وبيانها ونقدها وتحليلها حتى نصل الى المعلومة الكاملة، فضلا عن ذلك عدم وجود دراسات عن تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام من خلال كتاب مروج الذهب فكان هذا قد شكل لدينراغبة قوية لاعداد رسالة اكاديميه ، كما ان الدراسات والبحوث السابقة التي تناولت كتاب مروج الذهب لم تتطرق الى تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام بل ان اغلبها كانت تتحدث عن الجوانب الدينية او دراسة العصور الاسلامية ومن هذه الدراسات رسالة ماجستير بعنوان ((منهج المسعودي في بحث العقائد والفرق الدينية)) لهادي حسن حمود( ) ، تناول فيها جميع المعتقدات الدينية ومذاهبها عند العرب قبل الاسلام وكذلك الفترات التي تلتها، ومنها كذلك رسالة ماجستير بعنوان ((الامامة عند علي بن الحسين المسعودي)) لماهر تحسين عبد الرحيم( )، الذي تناول فيها الباحث فكر الامامة وتاريخها عند المسعودي ، ومن الدراسات ايضا رسالة ماجستير بعنوان ((خلافة بني امية عند علي بن الحسين المسعودي )) ، لابراهيم احمد حسن ابو شبيكة( )، تناول فيها الباحث تاريخ بني امية ضمن مرحلة التاريخ الاسلامي واهم الاشكالات التي قدمها المسعودي حول خلافتهم ، ورسالة ماجستير بعنوان الشعر العباسي في مروج الذهب لفتحي عبد الفتاح ابو نؤاس( )، تناول فيها ميزة واغراض الشعر في العصر العباسي الوارد في كتاب مروج الذهب وهذه الدراسة تخص الجانب الادبي. من خلال دراستنا لكتاب مروج الذهب للمسعودي واجهتنا عدة صعوبات منها تشتت المواضيع وتفرقها وتناثرها على اجزاء الكتاب الاربعة( )، التي ذكرها المسعودي وعدم تناولها في مكان واحد مما دعانا الى التفتيش والبحث بين السطور والمواضيع الاخرى التي تطرق اليها المسعودي للوصول الى المعلومة التي تخص تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام الكاملة، وكذلك من الصعوبات التي واجهتنا هي كثرة الاحالات التي ذكرها المسعودي الى كتبه الاخرى الامر الذي دعانا الى البحث فيها ومراجعتها والاطلاع على ماذكره فيها من روايات واخبار ومعلومات تخص تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام مثل كتاب(التنبيه والاشراف )، وكتاب (اخبار الزمان) علما بان البعض الاخر من مؤلفات المسعودي مفقودة وضائعة . لقد افضت مادة البحث تقسيمها الى ثلاثة فصول ومقدمة وخاتمة وقد تناول الفصل الاول دراسة سيرة المسعودي وقد ضمت ثلاثة مباحث وقد تناول عناوين عديدة منها اسمه ونسبه ونشاته وشيوخه ومؤلفاته واراء العلماء وسبب تاليف المسعودي لكتاب مروج الذهب ودراسة ما احتوى كتاب مروج الذهب من مواضيع. اما الفصل الثاني فقد جاء تحت عنوان الحالة السياسية للعرب قبل الاسلام وقد تضمن اربعة مباحث هي : الممالك عند العرب قبل الاسلام ، والاحلاف عند العرب ، وايام العرب قبل الاسلام ، والاحتلال الاجنبي للمالك العربية. اما الفصل الثالث فقد تناول الحالة الفكرية عند العرب قبل الاسلام في اربعة مباحث هي : المعتقدات الدينية عند العرب قبل الاسلام ، والطقوس الدينية ، ومعارف العرب قبل الاسلام ، والفنون الادبية عند العرب. وقد اعتمدت الرسالة على مجموعة كثير من المصادر والمراجع وقد رتبناها وذلك حسب اهميتها للدراسة، اضافة الى الاطاريح والرسائل الجامعية والبحوث المنشورة في المجلات والدوريات وهي : 1. كتب السيرة : افادت الدراسة من كتب السيرة بمعلومات وافية عن سيرة الرسول الاكرم  صلى الله عليه واله وسلم  قبل البعثه الشريفه وكذلك اخبار مكة المكرمة وكذلك عن الحياة السياسية في بلاد العرب وماتعرضت له من حملات عسكرية اجنبيه ، وعن العبادات عند العرب قبل الاسلام فضلا عن الحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وعقد الاحلاف بينهم ومن اهم كتب السيرة هي (سيرة ابن اسحاق ) لابن اسحاق (151ه/768م) و(سيرة ابن هشام ) لابن هشام (213ه/828م) وقد برزت اهمية هذان الكتابان في معرفة حادثة غزو الكعبة من قبل ابرهة الحبشة (حادثة الفيل ) بالاضافة الى حصولنا على معلومات تخص المعارف والعلوم عند العرب وكذلك معرفة المعتقدات الدينية وفكرة النسئ عند العرب.2. كتب التاريخ العام : كذلك اعتمدت الرسالة على كتب التاريخ العام ومنها تاريخ اليعقوبي (284ه - 898م) وقد مدت الدراسة بالاخبار الحالة الدينية عند العرب ومنها الحنيفية وعبادة الاصنام بالاضافة الى طقوسهم الدينية وخاصة في مواسم الحج وكتاب (تاريخ سني ملوك الارض والانبياء ) لحمزة بن الحسن الاصفهاني (ت360ه - 970م) ويعتبر هذا الكتاب من الكتب الغنية بالحوادث التاريخية فقد افادت الدراسة عن الممالك العربية كاالمناذرة والغساسنة وكنده ، وطبيعة العلاقات العربية - الفارسية قبل الاسلام ، وكتاب (تاريخ الرسل والملوك) لمحمد بن جرير الطبري (ت310ه - 920م) وقد افادت الرسالة في معرفة بداية تاريخ البشرية وبعض اولاد الانبياء وتاريخ الممالك العربية في الجزيرة العربية وتاريخ الحضارات القديمة مثل بلاد فارس واخبار اجداد النبي  صلى الله عليه واله وسلم  واحوال مكة ورئاسة البيت الحرام ، وكتاب (المعارف) لابن قتيبة الدينوري (ت276ه - 889م) وكتاب( البدء والتاريخ) لمطهر بن طاهر المقدسي (ت 355ه - 966م، وكتاب (المنتظم في تاريخ الملوك والامم) لجمال الدين ابو الفرج عبد الرحمن بن علي بن محمد الجوزي (ت597ه - 1201م) وكتاب (الكامل في التاريخ) لعز الدين ابي الحسن الجزري الموصلي الملقب بابن الاثير (ت 630 هـ - 1233م).3. كتب الانساب : كما افادت الدراسة من كتب الانساب لمعرفة انساب القبائل والشخصيات التي ورد ذكرها في البحث سواء التي تحدثنا فيها في الفصل الاول من سيرة المسعودي او الفصول الاخرى التي تناولت الجوانب السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والفكرية والدينية ومن اهم الكتب التي اعتمدناها كتاب (نسب معد واليمن الكبير لابن الكلبي (204ه - 871م) وكذلك جمهرة انساب العرب لابن حزم الاندلسي (456ه - 1063م) وكتاب (قلائد الجمان في التعريف بقبائل عرب الزمان) لابو العباس احمد بن علي القلقشندي (ت 821هـ - 1418م) .4. كتب الطبقات والتراجم : كان لهذه الكتب الاهمية الكبرى في معرفة تراجم مفصلة للشخصيات التي وردت في الدراسة ومنها كتب الطبقات امثال كتاب الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد (230ه - 842م)الذي افادنا في معرفة نسب اجداد المسعودي وكذلك معرفة اخبار قريش وماثرها وفي معرفة الاحلاف والمعاهدات الاقتصادية وكذلك عن ايام العرب مثل الايلاف وحرب الفجار وكتاب (طبقات النحويين) للزبيدي (379ه - 989م)الذي افادنا بشكل دقيق عن حياة المسعودي وشيوخه وكتاب (اسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة ) لابن الاثير (630ه - 1232م) وكتاب (وفيات الاعيان ) لابن خلكان (681ه - 1282م) وكتاب سير (سير اعلام النبلاء ) للذهبي (748ه - 1347م) وكتاب (الوافي بالوفيات ) للصفدي (764ه - 1362م) وغيرها من كتب التراجم .5. كتب التفسير : تعتبر كتب التفاسير من اهم المصادر الرئيسية وذات اهمية كبيرة ايضا للباحث لمعرفة تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام وقد استفدت منها في تفسير الايات القرانية ومن اهمها (جامع البيان في تاويل القران ) لابن جرير الطبري (310ه - 922م) وقد استفاد الباحث منها في معرفة فكرة النسئ وعبادة الاصنام وحرمة الشهور عند العرب قبل الاسلام وكذلك كتاب التفسير الجامع لاحكام القران للقرطبي (671ه - 1272م) والمعروف بــــ( تفسير القرطبي) فقد افاد الدراسة بمعلومات عن الحضارات القديمة وقصة اصحاب الاخدود وبعــض اخـــبار الكهان وتفسير (مجمع البيان في تفسير القران) للفضل بــن الحسن الطبرســي (ت548 - 1153م) وتفسير (التبيان في تفسير القران) لابو جعفر محمد بن الحسن بن علي الطوسي(672ه - 1274م) وتفسير(الوسيط في تفسير القران المجيد) لابو الحسن علي بن احمد بن محمد بن علي الواحدي(ت468ه - 1076م).6. كتب الحديث الشريف : وقد استفادت دراستنا من كتب الحديث الشريف وماذكرته من احاديث الرسول الاكرم صلى الله عليه واله وسلم  حول تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام وحول اسماء الاصنام واخبار الديانات القديمة ورجالات الموحدين وبعض اخبار ايام العرب وفي توثيق الاحاديث النبويه الشريفة التي وردت في كتاب مروج الذهب التي تشير الى حياة العرب قبل الاسلام ومن اهم كتب الحديث صحيح البخاري لمحمد بن اسماعيل (256ه - 870م) وصحيح مسلم لمسلم بن الحجاج القشيري (261ه - 835م) وكتاب (بحار الانوار) لمحمد باقر المجلسي (1111ه - 1700م) وغيرها من الكتب الحديث الشريف.7. كتب اللغة : افادت الرسالة كثيرا من كتب اللغة في معرفة المفردات اللغوية والتي وردت في ثنايا البحث فضلا عما حوت تلك المعاجم اللغوية من الاخبار والمعلومات التاريخية المهمة من خلال توضيحها للكثير من المفردات والمعاني عند العرب قبل الاسلام ومن هذه الكتب (كتاب العين ) للفراهيدي (ت175ه - 791م) وكتاب ( لسان العرب ) لابن منظور (ت711ه - 1311م) وكتاب (القاموس المحيط ) للفيروز ابادي (ت817ه - 1414م) وكتاب ( تاج العروس ) لمرتضى الزبيدي (1205ه - 1790م) وكتاب الاشتقاق لابن دريد(ت321ه - 933م) وغيرها من المعاجم اللغوية التي وردت في الدراسة.8. كتب الادب : افادت كتب الادب الدراسة بمعلومات تاريخية قيمة حول طبيعة حياة العرب قبل الاسلام ومن تلك الكتب كتاب النقائض لابي عبيده معمر بن المثنى (ت209ه - 824م) وكتاب ( الاغاني ) لابي الفرج الاصفهاني (ت365ه - 976م) الذي استفدنا منه في اعطاء فكرة عن تاريخ الفرس واخبار مكة وايام العرب والاحتلال الحبشي لليمن وكذلك كتاب (العقد الفريد) لابن عبد ربه الاندلسي (ت328ه - 940م) وجمهرة الامثال لابي هلال العسكري (ت400ه - 1048) وكتاب (مجمع الامثال ) للميداني (ت 518ه - 1124م ) وكتاب (نهاية الارب في فنون الادب) للنويري (ت733ه - 1133م) وكتاب (صبح الاعشى في صناعه الانشا ) للقلقشندي (ت821ه - 1418م) . اما دواوين الشعر فقد افادت الدراسة ليس فقط بالنصوص الشعرية وانما ايضا بما تضمنته تلك الاشعار من تصوير للاحداث التاريخية مثل اخبار مكة ونزول القبائل فيها والعلاقات الفارسية العربية وهجوم ابرهة على مكة والمعتقدات والاديان عند العرب قبل الاسلام ومن اهم الدواوين الذي استفدنا منها ديوان تابط شرا لثابت بن جابر الفهمي (ت 530م ) وديوان ابي طالب (ت3ق.ه - 620م) ديوان طرفة بن العبد (ت569م) وديوان جرير(ت110ه - 728م) وديوان امية بن ابي الصلت (5ه - 626م) وديوان ميمون بن قيس الاعشى (ت 7ه - 729م ) بالاضافة الى الكتب الشعرية امثال كتاب (الشعر والشعراء) لابي قتيبة الدينوري (ت276ه - 889م) الذي يذكر فيها الاشعار التي تشير الى الاخبار عن بعض المعارك والحروب بين العرب والفرس وغيرها من الحوادث .9. كتب الجغرافية والبلدان كان لكتب الجغرافية والبلدان دورا كبيرا في رفد الدراسة عن اسماء الاماكن وتحديد ومعرفة العديد من المواقع والمدن والمناطق الاثرية التي كانت موجودة عند العرب قبل الاسلام فضلا عن اعطاء بعض المعلومات عن الوقائع والاحداث التاريخية التي تطرقنا اليها في دراستنا ومن اهم هذه الكتب كتاب( صفة جزيرة العرب ) للهمداني (ت334ه - 946م) وهو يعتبر من الكتب الغنيه بالمعلومات عن اماكن شبه الجزيرة العربية ولقد افادنا في تحديد اماكن ومدن الجزيرة العربية وكتاب (معجم مااستعجم ) للبكري (387ه - 1094م) و(معجم البلدان) لياقوت الحموي (ت636ه - 1228م) وغيرها من الكتب الاخرى.10. المراجع الحديثة فضلا عن المصادر الاولية فقد اعتمدت الدراسة على مجموعة غير قليلة من المراجع الحديثة ومن اهمها كتاب( المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام) لجواد علي وهو من الكتب الغنية بالمعلومات التاريخية التي لا يمكن لاي باحث الاستغناء عنها وقد امدنا في معلومات وافية في كافة فصول الدراسة وكتاب (بلوغ الارب في معرفة احوال العرب ) لمحمود شكري الالوسي وهو من الكتب المهمة ، الذي امدنا بمعلومات عن الاحلاف والديانات والكهانة عند العرب قبل الاسلام وكتاب (تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام ) لعبد العزيز سالم وكتاب (دراسات في تاريخ العرب القديم ) لمحمد بيومي مهران وكتاب (تاريخ العرب القديم) لتوفيق برو وكتاب (تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام) لمحمد سهيل طقوش وكتاب (تاريخ العرب القديم والبعثة النبوية) لصالح احمد العلي وكتاب (الجديد في تاريخ دولة وحضارة سبا وحمير) لمحمد حسين الفرح ، اما الكتب المترجمة التي افادت دراستنا كتاب (قصة حضارة ) لـــ ول ديورانت الذي يعتبر من المراجع المهمة وقد اعطى معلومات عن تاريخ الحضارات القديمة وكذلك سيطرة الاحباش على اليمن وكتاب العرب على حدود بيزنطة لبيغولفسكايا وكتاب حضارة العرب لغوستاف لوبون وكتاب (امراء غسان ) لثيودور نولدكة، كما كان للرسائل والاطاريح الاكاديمية والبحوث المنشورة في المجلات والدوريات دورا اساسيا وفائدة علمية في تعزيز دراستنا من خلال اعانتنا بالمادة العلمية وماتحويه من افكار واراء . واقتصرنا على ذكر بعض المصادر والمراجع مع عدم التقليل من شان المصادر الاخرى التي لم نذكرها خشية الاطالة. واخيرا حاولنا جاهدين بدراستنا المتواضعة هذه ان نقدم صورة واضحة قدر الامكان لكشف واظهار الموروث الحضاري والفكري والتاريخي للعرب قبل الاسلام من خلال دراسة كتاب مروج الذهب للمسعودي واتمنى ان اكون قد وفقت في اعداد الرسالة موضوعا وجمعا للمادة العلمية واشكر الله الذي تفضل علي بالنعم والسداد في اعداد هذه الرسالة واتمنى ان تنال رضا قرائها غافرين ماورد فيها من نقص وهفوات لكوني انسان لست معصوما عن الخطا اذ لا كمال الا لله () واخر دعونا ان الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف الانبياء والمرسلين محمد وعلى اله اجمعين وصحبه المنتجبين | Praise to Allah , Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings be upon Muhmmad , the messenger of the Lord of worlds ,and his pure family. The study of the history of Arabs before Islam is one of the important studies undertaken by Arab and foreign historians and scholars Therefore, it is of great importance to researchers for the two reasons; mainly because it is the basic basis for studying the history of the Arabs in particular and for Islamic studies in general, and second to reveal the obscurity and injustice by some scholars of the history of the Arabs before Islam, who gave their speeches to categorically deny the existence of a history of the Arabs before the emergence of Islam. The Arabs have a person who has no culture or civilization did not taste knowledge before Islam and this view is unfounded for the fact that Islam and civilization is the result of a long history. The Arabs before Islam were a large part of this civilization in all the political, social, economic and intellectual aspects contained in the books that dealt with the history of that period. The Book of Mawrouj Al - Zahab by Abi Al - Hasan Al - Masoudi (346 AH / 957 AD) is the first of these books, which contains many historical information about the pre - Islamic Arab prehistoric traditions in different aspects of life, that is why this subject suggested by my professor , Shakir Majeed Kadhim. The main purpose of this study is to describe what Masoudi says in his book "Mawrouj Al - Zahab" from novels, news, events and information related to the history of the Arabs before Islam, and to enhance them with criticism and analysis. Al - Masoudi mentions many historical events about this stage but without elaborating. Therefor,they need to stand on , stating, criticizing and analyzing then so as to get at full information.In addition, Al - Masud's book doesn't deal with the history of the Arabs before Islam adequately and this study is planned to introduce an academic scientific annlysis. Through out the study of the book Mawrouj Al - Zahab of Masoudi, The researcher has encountered several difficulties, including the dispersion of subjects and their dispersal on the four parts of the four books mentioned by Al - Masoudi and not dealt with in one place, which has led the researcher to try his best reading and studying other topics tackled touched by Al - Masoudi to get the full information about the history of the Arabs before Islam, Among the other difficulties faced by the researcher are the many referrals mentioned by Masoudi to his other books, which they are to be researched and reviewed and to see what he mentioned in the stories, news and information about the history of the Arabs before Islam, such as the book (Al - Tanbeeh Wal - Eshraf) And (Akhbar Al - Zaman) however some of the other books of Masoudi's are missing and lost. The research has been divided into three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the study of the background of Masoudi. It included several topics, his name, parentage, origin, and writings, the views of the scholars, And the reason for the composition of Mawrouj Al - Zahab by Masoudi is that it contains the book's topics . The second chapter is entitled "The Political Situation of the Arabs before Islam". It includes four topics : the kingdoms of the Arabs before Islam, the alliances among the Arabs, the days of the Arabs before Islam, and the foreign occupation of the Arab owner. The third chapter deals with the intellectual situation of the Arabs before Islam in four subjects : the religious beliefs of the Arabs before Islam, the religious rituals and the knowledge of the Arabs before Islam and the literary arts among the Arabs. The research is based on a wide range of sources and references, which we ranked according to their importance for the study. in addition to the titles, theses and the researches published in magazines .Throughout this study of the book of Mawrouj Al - Zahab to Abi El Hassan El Masoudi ,several results have been reached at. Masoudi is able to give researchers a comprehensive idea of some of the conditions of the Arabs before Islam, including political, social, economic and intellectual aspects according to a new formulation characterized by Masoudi.

القزلباش ودورهم العسكري والسياسي في ايران 1500 - 1629 == The Kizilbash And Their Military And Political Role In Iran 1500 - 1629 AD

Author name: شهد عبد الرزاق محمد
Supervisor name: مشعل مفرح ظاهر العونان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Iranian studies have been major focus of many Iraqi researchers, and it was for many reasons including geographical proximity, ease of travel to Iran, visit Iranian libraries, and can be utilized and accessing books, and many other factors, the subject of QIZILBASH and their political and military role in Iran during 1500 - 1629 AD is considered from the subjects that assumed its importance from the importance of the state exitance itself of being THE FIRST that had arisen in Iran during the modern times, and QIZILBASH are the pillars of that state, they had been a huge role of its formation by their standing with SHAH ISMAIL THE FIRST and their assistant of SAFAVID statehood and consolidation, therefore the study of QIZILBASH have made on the political and military levels, many of political and events and developments during that time, reveals about the nature of those tribes, their numbers and how they did join to the SAFAVID state, and then engaged them to SAFAVID state politically and military during holding administrative and military positions in the SAFAVID state, where the thesis discusses many important events during that time with the QIZILBASH were for many times had an important role in it, where those events represent by rebel movement and separation who they are part of Qizilbash, and another part had eliminated it, besides, they undertake to take power effectively and they cancelled the role of SAFAVID SHAHAT and limiting them on the nominal power only, as it happened during both the SHAH ISMAIL the second and MOHAMMAD KHODABANDA eras even they forced him to abdicate to SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT, therefore we chose to study them in detail to know about their influence on the SAFAVID society and SAFAVID state. Starting from there huge role in SHAH ISMAIL SAFAVID era towards SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT era and2downsizing their role and establish an alternative army of them known as “SHAHSYOON”.Based on the foregoing, the letter is divided into three chapters preceding a study of important reasons of research, in preparation for it, followed by conclusion, appendixes, resource list and references, which they made a preparation entitled a “Geography of QIZILBASH home”, and I have addressed many subjects which the first one was the geography of QIZILBASH home which it has the famous cities which they stayed at it and they appeared from it inside every tribe separately. Then spoke about the modern mini - states of those tribes and the role of each of emergence of appearing of QIZILBASH tribes on the political drama.First Chapter : It comes under the heading of appearance of SAFAVID state, I was addressing the introduction of this chapter, the founders of SAFAVID state from SAFI ADDIN ARDABILI to SHAH IMAIL THE FIRST then I have addressed the role of the QIZILBASH about installation the SHAH ISMAIL THE FIRST on the throne and then elimination on the internal rebellion in his era access to conducting them the Battle of CHALDIRAN in 1514 with the Ottoman Empire.Second Chapter : It is addressing the political situations after Battle of CHALDIRAN access to installation of SHAH TAHMASP THE FIRST on the thrown and then we address the role of SHAH TAHMASP about his struggle against Qizilbash, and then the conflict of QIZILBASH at the end of the life of SHAH TAHMASP THE FIRST access to SHAH ABBAS THE FIRST.3Third Chapter : It is addressing SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT and how he was establishing an alternative army of the QIZILBASH and resizing their influence, and then addresses the important positions that existed in the SAFAVID state during 1500 - 1629 A.D.In conclusion, I have addressed a presentation of the most remarkable results that I figured it out and issues I have discussed. The French researcher well - known Rojer SAVORY and his researches, live a book “My investigation in the Iran SAFAVID era history” (collections of essays) which had been translated and commented on it by : ABBAS QUILI GHAFARI and MOHAMMED BAQIR ARAM and their book of “Iran under the SAFAVID” or “Iran under SAFAVID” and SAVORY is a specialist of SAFAVID studies, so he enriched the thesis which most its pages covered with important information.Most importantly “The administrative institutions of SAFAVID governments”, also a book of “History of Persia” by Sir PERCY SYKES the author reviewed the history of Iran generally, also the book of “The fall of the SAFAVID dynasty and the AFGHAN occupation of Persia” by LAURENCE LOCKHART, and the professor LOCKHART if from the specialist Iran history studies and his book almost from the important studies which have presented about analysis of SAFAVIDs state collapse and he wrote many essays about the Persian army in the SAFAVID times, and Persian cities.Accordingly, sources have confirmed the historical importance of QIZILBASH in the SAFAVID state at both on the political and military levels by providing us with valuable and important information about political and military influence in the SAFAVID state from its very beginning until beginning of SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT era , collapse their influence and reducing their numbers.

دور عبد الحسين الجلبي السياسي في العراق 1921 - 1939 == The political Role of Abdul Hussein Alchalabi in Iraq (1877 - 1939)

Author name: سيف معتز عمر المناصير
Supervisor name: انور جاسب شنته الطريف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studies the life and character of the late diseased Abdul Hussein AlChalbi, a prominent merchant from a wealth family, known for its merchandise in Kadhumiaya. He was one of the fifteen delegates, wo met with the General Secretary of the Civil Governor to help Iraqi people achieve what they have long hoped for; namely forming a national government. Alchalabi held several ministerial positions in the Iraqi government during the reign of Kink Faisal and King Ghazi. He was also prominent figure when the Iraqi government was once established during the royal era. He was also a well - known academic figure who had played a significant role in promoting knowledge and education. Since then, the Iraqi government was under the British mandate and it was in a badly need for such figures to fill the ministerial formations with people to which they show obedience and loyalty, for the development of the political process and for the common good.The current study comprises an introductory part and it is fallen under three main chapters : the first chapter consists of three sections, and the second and third chapters consist of two sections each and a concluding part. His autobiography, character, qualities and his stand in the elimination of the massive Wahhabist influences in Iraq in the 1920s by Faisal AlDoweish, and the supports he showed for the Iraqi government are discussed in chapter one. This chapter also highlights the establishment of the Iraqi national party. Alchalabi was one of the influential founding bodies to get an approval from the Iraqi government for the establishment of the Iraqi National party, he is a member of the Alahad part as well.The second chapter sheds light on the ministries that were taken over during his inauguration in the Iraqi ministries, including the Ministry ofAbstractBEducation, which was filled eight times : the first in 1922; the second in March 1925; the third in June 1925, the fourth in September 1929, the fifth in November 1929, the sixth and the seventh in October 1931; and the eighth one in March 1935. The Ministry of Telecommunication that was taken over in between 1925 and 1926, the Ministry of Agriculture, which was taken over twice in the first 1927, and the second per procuration in 1930. These years, during the period of his administration, were characterized by extraordinary achievements that aimed to contribute clearly to the political, economic and social construction of the public interest and the Iraqi government in particular.The third chapter discusses Alchalabi's political role in terms of the House of Representatives and his vital participation in the approval and vote in many of the legislations that were being deliberated by members of the House of Representatives, for the first electoral cycle on 16 July 1925 - 28 January 1928, as member of the chamber of Deputies for the second round of elections on 19 May 1928 - 1 July 1930, and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the third election session on 1 November 1930 - 4. This chapter also exposes the role of Abdul Hussain Chalabi in the senate and his presidency of the financial and economic committees in approving and rejecting the regulations that are circulated by the members of the senate, where he was a member of the senate from November 1933 until his death on the 11th of March 1939

السياسة الاميركية تجاه القضية الكورية 1945 - 1950 : دراسة تاريخية == American Policy toward the Korean Issue 1945 - 1950 : A Historical Study

Author name: سوسن عبد المجيد شهاب المحمد
Supervisor name: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Korean issue is regarded one of the vital and most important issues in modern and contemporary history which embodied the confrontation and international conflict in what is called "The Cold War" between the Communist and Western camps. Previous studies that dealt with the modern and contemporary history of Korea focused on war between the two Koreas and never tackled the Korean events and trends between 1945 - 1950 which is considered one of the hardest and most critical periods in Korean history that led to the division of Korea and the outbreak of war between its people, a division that continued till the present day. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, and appendices. Chapter one deals with the American foreign policy toward Korea 1866 - 1945. The chapter is divided into two sections : section one deals with the American interest in the Korean peninsula 1866 - 1910, while section two focuses on planning for the policy of joint occupation in Korea 1941 - 1945. Chapter two is devoted to study the US administration in South Korea 1945 - 1947 and consists of two sections : section one centers on the US or American military occupation policy in South Korea, whereas section two deals with the American role in Moscow Conference and the Soviet - American Committee. Chapter three deals with the American efforts to settle the Korean case in the United Nations 1947 - 1948. It is also divided into two sections : section one deals with the American role in inserting the Korean issue in the United Nations General Assembly's agenda, while section two deals with the American project and its role in establishing the republic of South Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Finally, the policy of the United States toward the interior developments in Korea 1948 - 1950 was the main concern of chapter four which is, in turn, divided into two sections : section one concentrates on the role and influence of the United States on the internal circumstances of South Korea, whereas section two is devoted to study the American military and economical supports to the republic of South Korea. In conclusion, the situation in Korea 1945 - 1950 represents a miniature of the situation in the world which was divided into two groups : western and eastern. The Korean War forms the first image of the cold war as it was not just a war between the two republics of Korea, but between the west led by the United States and the east represented by the Soviet Union. It was a war between two different systems and political ideologies.

اسهامات العراقيين السياسية والاداراية والفكرية في الدولة الفاطمية 297 - 567هـ / 909 - 1171م == Iraqis participations in politic, Administration and ideology in the historical fatimi state(296 - 567A.H)

Author name: سندس بندر خزعل
Supervisor name: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study is one of the most important study about all things happened in " fatimi state " from the first day of establishmeul until it's falling down . The importance of this study has many sides ."Chapter 1 " shows and focusses about Iraqis Participation inestablishing the state cause this establishment had been done by the efforts and struggle's of the Iraqis in Western part of Arab world ."Chapter 2" talks about the Iraqis participations Management and all fields in the govenmantal cabinet including Writing , courts economic … etc. because the Iraqis have a high degree of knowledge and experience . "Chapter 3" shows all Iraqis participations in Relegous , language , human science and they were excellent in these fields so we should highlite this role of the Iraqis in the history of "fatimi state " which was very great and huge state and we should show the presence of "fatimi state" and its impact in Islamic state history

العباس بن عبد المطلب : دراسة تاريخية (56ق.هـ - 23 هـ/ 569م - 653م ) == AL - Abbas Bin Abdul muttalib Ahistorical Study

Author name: رواء زامـل شلال التميمي
Supervisor name: محسن مشكل فهد الحجاج
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: AL - Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, one of the uncles of prophet Muhammad who had an important role in spreading the Islamic Dawaa and religion. Abbas was one of the believers in Prophet Abraham (Allah prays on him) like his fatherAl Abdul Muttalib.AL ALAbbas did not declare his conversion to Islam, until the battle of Badir (2 AH). He was an irrigator of pilgrims in Mecca in Aljahilia era after the death of Abu Talib, until the conquering of Mecca by Prophet Muhammad (Allah prays on him).When Prophet Muhammad (Allah prays on him) and the believers emigrated to Al - Madina, Abbas was contacting Prophet Muhammad (Allah prays on him) telling him about the unbelievers conspiracies against Islam and Muslims.Afterwards, Abbas emigrated to Al - Madina to meet up with Prophet Muhammad on the way. After the death of Prophet Muhammad (Allah prays on him),AL Abbas and Imam Ali were the ones to console.ALAbbas was an opponent to the allegiance to Abu Bakir, however, he swore unwillingly. When Abu Bakir died, Omar Ibn Al - Khatab became khalifa, he did not have a good relationship withAL Abbas and did not allow him to be one of the six members in Shura Council. When Omar Ibn Al - Khatab, Othman bin Affan became Khalifa,AL ALAbbas offered him advices and recommendations because the state was in chaos, but Othman did not put his recommendations into consideration.AL Abbas died in 32 HJ

الاحزاب البرلمانية في العراق 1925 - 1935 : حزب الوحدة الوطنية نموذجا == Parliamentary Parties in Iraq 1921 - 1935 : National Unity Party as an Example

Author name: رقية سلمان عبد الكريم عبد الواحد العيسى
Supervisor name: فاروق صالح العمر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: During the last Ottoman era, Iraq witnessed the formation of various parties and associations that had been active in the political arena. The events of the First World War, the declaration of the British Mandate on Iraq in April, and the resulting political and military developments, most notably (thawratl cshreen) the revolution of the twentieth ,the subsequent events , great results in the partisan life and the public opinion in the country had led to the establishment of the provisional government (The first Naqeebi goverment) and the proclamation of the monarchy in Iraq after the inauguration of Prince Faisal bin al - Hussein as King of Iraq on August 23, 1921 provided the opportunity for opposition and government political parties to engage in politics and its affairs. Amongst these parties was the National Unity Party, Which was approved on 6 December 1934 and which is the subject of the study.The National Unity Party was formed during the accession of Ali Jawdat Al - Ayoubi as prime minister in 1934. In fact, the purpose of its establishment is to support himself in ruling the country and to stand against the opposition, which was led by the National Brotherhood Party. The period during which the party was formed was a critical period in which movements and tribal uprisings that took place during the period 1934 - 1935 during which the tribal force became a deterrent force used in politics, and in overthrowing governments and a manifestation of the loss of stability in Iraq.bThe study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion as well as a number of appendices.Chapter one which is entitled Iraq Political Development is of two sections : the first deals with the British occupation of Iraq and the movements which took place in the Iraqi cities to combat this occupation ; the second touched upon the beginning of the partisan life in Iraq and the parties and associations that emerged after the legislation of the law of establishing of associations.Chapter two which is entitled Parliamentary Parties 1925 - 1935, was divided into two sections. The first deals with the parliamentary parties 1925 - 1930 and Britain's goal of implementing the parliamentary system in Iraq. The second section deals with the political parties 1930 - 1935 , the first of which is the Iraqi Covenant Party ( hizbl - ahadl - craqi) which was formed on October 13, 1930 was established by Noori Al - Saeed after being a prime minister, the second is the National Brotherhood Party led by Yaseen Al - Hashmi the opposing party to Noori Al - Saeed government. The two parties were approved by the ministry of interior in the same month. The chapter then ended in how the Brotherhood Party became the ruling party.Chapter three with the title The National Unity Party and the Formation of Al - Ayoubi Government is the subject upon which the study is built. It consists of two sections, the first deals with the first government of Al - Ayoubi which was formed on August 27 , 1934 , its most achievements, the reasons beyond its establishment, the general attitude towards it, its plans, the inner system of the party, and the founders of the party who lacked Political consensus. The second section touched upon the tribal movements which were the results of several factors most notably, the personal conflict between thecpolitical leaders and the political opposition; this of course had led to the emergence of two blocsstruggling to win power; it had also led to the division of the tribes, each supports a political bloc against the other.As required by the historical research approach, the conclusion is devoted to presenting the most important findings of the research followed by a followed by a list of sources and references that were used in writing this research. The forefront of them are the works of my supervisor Professor Farouk Saleh Al - Omar of which is his book entitled the Partisan Life between the two Wars; the Political Parties in Iraq 1921 - 1932. This is in addition to the works of Abdulrazaq Al - Hassani of which are History of the Iraqi Political Parties and Iraq during the Periods of British Occupation and Mandatory which is of two volumes. This is in addition to theses, dissertations, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, translated books which all helped enrich the work with valuable information.

كباشي السعد 1866 - 1929م : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: رائد محمد لزم
Supervisor name: انور جاسب شنته الطريف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

بيعة غدير خم التمهيد لها والاثار المترتبة عليها == In Preparation of Homage "Ghadeer Khom" and Resulting Effects

Author name: دعاء عدنان رمضان النجار
Supervisor name: رباب جبار طاهر السوداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: http://cloud.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/2021/09/10/8488%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%AE%D9%85.pdf
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: One of the most important propositions of heaven is the process of intellectual and political integration between prophecy and imamate (Islamic leadership after the prophet Mohammed).and the prophecy in its Khatami period, and the imamate of its progressive start to the construction of prophecy in the explanatory and religious paths and leadership of the Islamic nation for the post - Holy generous Prophet Peace and Blessings upon him (PBUH for short) , is Ghadir Khumm Allegiance. , The allegiance that was founded for the Imam Ali bin Abi Talibs political and intellectual allegiance ,which necessitated a preparatory and divine preparation reflecting the close link between the divine political system and the Ghadir Khumm Allegiance, and it has formed an important focal point in the political construction of the path of the Imamate, which was not committed by a section of Muslims in a clear challenge to the orders of heaven and it was the beginning of the stage of political deviation that wreaked calamities on the Islamic nation because of abandoning the pledge of Ghadir Kham and the imamate of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib ( Peace upon him PUH for short).

الخطاب السياسي للزعيم عبد الكريم قاسم للمدة (1958 - 1963) : دراسة تاريخية == Political Discourse of Colonel Abd ALKareem Qasim (1958 - 1963) A Political Study

Author name: حنين سالم حمادي التميم
Supervisor name: عمار خالد رمضان الربيعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The revolution of 14th of July, 1958 in Iraq was considered a great transition on all internal, regional and international levels. This study highlights the political discourse of Colonel Abd AlKareem Qasim, leader of the revolution, during his rule (1958 - 1963). That period was one of the most important stages in modern lraqi history. It had affected not only the internal and regional situation but it also had its international dimension in the world relations, particularly during the cold war era. The period was considered as very important as a result of the fact that lraq was a rich country of energy and had a strategic geographical location. In his discourse, Colonel Abd AlKareem Qasim illustrated the policy of the revolution towards the internal, regional and international matters. That discourse displayed the policy that outlined features of the foreign policy of Iraq and it indicated the political thinking of how to deal with the internal and foreign questions. It also introduced the ideas and philosophies that made up the ruling theory in Iraq according to which the relation between the group and the individual was organized through certain codes and values that not only governed distribution of influence and power inside the country but also went beyond that to dealing with the foreign affairs.The study applied the analytic perspective of the content on the political discourse of colonel Kareem and shed light on the factors that determind elements of the political regime in Iraq to treat the political, social andeconomic problems during the period of 1958 - 1963. At that time, the ruling regime in Iraq had come through many crises and much pressure that constituted challenges that affected both positively and negatively the political discourse whether it was internally, regionally or internationally directed. The dimensions of the discourse of Colonel Abd AlKareem Qasim reflected the narure of the political and ideological trends towards the several important historical events in light of the many challenges that the region, including Iraq, was facing. This, in turn, reflects the featured and trends of the leadership of the revolution particularly through the personality of colonel Abd AlKareem Qasim in light of the internal struggle regional problems and international domination
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