اسم المؤلف:
احمد عويز حسين
اسم المشرف:
علي كاظم اسد الخفاجي
المستخلص:
Since ancient time the eloquent lesson has formed a field (in which the issue of Koranic miracle) occurred which has been still one of the serious issues in the Islamic thinking , so arguments increased and views conflicted about this miracle. It is no doubt that the agreement point that unified scholars and their views is statement of the rhetorical miracle in a way that even the rhetorical lesson was a fruit for several questions which raised by the Koran and in which the scholars engaged, and this is what permitted the birth of rhetoric which contains books that is hard to be enumerated and explains secrets of the biggest Arabic book.The eloquent lesson formed the corner stone among rhetoric researchers particularly if we look to its widespread for the ancient people. In spite of the increase of these studies, some contemporary researchers could classify and study them and make use of their efforts in such studies, but I do not know if one of these scholars who dealt with the Koranic rhetoric has specified (the rhetoric trend in the modern Koranic eloquent lesson) an independent academic study that reviews its studies and explains their approaches and their different views. Thus, I see submit a study of this important Koranic field that might fulfill a part of this gap.I would explain that I do not mean by the word "modern" the "modernity", but I mean its general meaning which is studies in our present time , as well as I did not deal with university theses for the limited period of writing the master thesis and the difficulty of counting such studies. I did not deal with the studies that adopted the scholastic understanding so the research is based on observing published studies that exceeded the scholastic understanding; thus this falls into two parts : 1 - Studying the rhetoric from its widest significance.2 - Studying the rhetoric in the light of the term "image" if thecontemporary lesson in the light of the evolution law of sciences entailed theobligation of knowing the heritage effort and its results, it should be of a wide scope so I think explaining two points : did the rhetoric lesson make use of the heritage , have a contemporary perspective of it, or stay centering around the heritage understanding without adding anything to it?The profile of the research entailed to include two parts that contain four chapters, as well as two introductions and a conclusion as fellows : The first part is specified for those who taught the rhetoric in its widest significant. Its introduction explains the heritage understanding of the rhetoric. The first chapter of this part is specified for researching the significance of the term "rhetoric", its limits, and its researches for those scholars. The second chapter is written to explain the views and texts of those scholars in their practical studies. The second part concerned of studying those scholars who deal with rhetoric in the light of the concept of the term "image". Its introduction explains the concept of the term "image" and its attachments for ancient and modern scholars. The first chapter of this part is specified to deal with the significance of the term "image" and its limits for those scholars, while the second chapter explains their views and texts in their practicality of the Koranic text.The material of the research is formed from basic references, as well as some ancient references like (Miracle Evidences) and (Rhetoric Secrets) for Aljrjani , (Discoverer) for Alzarakshi ,and others.The scholarly honesty entails referring to closely related studies of this research, like ( Artistic imaging theory in Said Kutb ) for Salah Abdul Fatah Alkalidi, and the master degree thesis ( Rhrtoric trend for Koranic expression in Dr. FadhilAlSamra'ai ) for Saad Juma Salih ( Unversity of Dyala). Though these studies are important in this respect, , their trending still do not explain the features of the rhetoric trend as a whole.The research concluded the following results : 1 - The term "eloquence" appears to those scholars who research it in its widest significance into categories : some scholars considered it the rhetoric as a whole, some of them see it combining (eloquence and semantics) others make it parallel for the concept of verse, and another scholar makes it represented in all the secrets of the Koran in its letters and words. Those scholars agreed to research it on the (Phonological and Semantic) level in four constituents (letter, word, sentence and text)2 - Their approach in researching the Koranic letter concerned in letter contexts, and they see that a letter has its own meaning resulting from considering explicitly; thus, there is no addition, alternation or estimation in letters.3 - Their approach in researching the word concerns in following it in its contexts and counting it; therefore, this leads them to stating the thorough (intention) in Koranic uses, so I refuse stating the (synonymy) in the Koranic text.4 - Their approach in researching the Koranic phrase concerns in two points : phonological aspects in which they researched the phonological combinations which are produced from combining letters and words in the Koranic verse. The semantic aspect which was researched by some scholars in the light of concept of verse without showing the structural phenomena , while others concerned in researching these phenomena and explaining their semantic effects. 5 - Their approach in researching the coherence and textual cohesion is clear in the observation of relating verses and chapters with weakness relationships and in the research of semantic and musical accord phenomena, thus; this is what make them closely related to the researches of the ancient scholars of relativity , in addition to the contemporary text scholars.6 - The view of AlJarjani of (imagining meaning) is parallel to the term of (artistic trueness) for the contemporary scholars.7 - They disagreed on the significance of the term of image into categories.Some of make use of heritage and offer a contemporary definition which is finding a relationship between two realizations that are not related , and others see it stick in mind when a certain expression is heard , which is also a modern understanding , while others see it lays in researches of the known rhetoric.8 - Their approaches in researching the image came into two categories. Someof them moved into a description tendency concerning of observing the movements of concrete things from the reasonable to the perceptible without getting into other idiomatic details in addition to their concern in observing the general artistic phenomena , while others moved from a standard tendency starting from mentioning the rule and bringing witnesses as evidence for them. It concerns in limitness and classification; thus , their results often do not differ from the results of ancient scholars.Finally the researcher recommends the importance of studying the academic effort of university theses and researches which represent the rhetoric trend in the modern Koranic lesson which is a worthy researching subject.I thank all those who help and make it easy for me to produce this thesis in its final form and thanks for God.
