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الابعاد الجيوبولتيكية للعلاقات العراقية - الايرانية للمدة 1990 - 2013 == Geopolitical Dimensions of the Iraqi - Iranian relationship for ( 1990 - 2013)

اسم المؤلف: سهير صلاح محمود
اسم المشرف: شيماء محمد جواد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The purpose of International Relations geographical study is to achieve a careful analysis of the realities of the international situation, which is usually characterized by rapid dynamic, and through knowledge of the nature of the forces that control the formation of political trends of the states and attitudes towards each other and determine how they interact with these forces and familiarity with various effects and the reactions they have on the conditions of the international community.The study in the analysis of the nature of relations between Iraq and Iran for a period of time (1990 - 2013) with addressing the most important current events when required by the letter and the disclosure of dimensional geopolitical these relations which centered study hypothesis of the existence of local and regional and international factors influenced the Iran - Iraq relations and made her take the collaborative nature after the differences between the parties, which lasted throughout the previous periods The study included four chapters the first chapter of which ncluded a study of Iraq's geographical characteristics and Iran and included two sections, the first section (natural geographical characteristics of Iraq and Iran) from the geographical location (the astronomical site and sea, and the site for the neighbouring countries and strategic location) and size and shape and climate and the terrain and natural resources (water resources - mineral Revolution), and the second section (human geographical characteristics of Iraq and Iran), which included demographic characteristics of the two countries in terms of structure demographic ( Age and qualitative) and population size and growth, as well as the density and distribution of the population as well as the configuration Ethnographic (national and religion and language) of the two countries also chapter also included a study of the economic characteristics of the two countries in terms of agriculture, industry, trade and services sector.The second chapter included three sections the first section deals with the study (the historical stages of the Iran - Iraq relations during the seventies and eighties) and the second topic included (Iran attitudes toward issues of Iraq for the period (1990 - 2013) and third section included the problems and common issues) between the two countries, which including border problems (Shatt al - Arab, the common rivers, oil fields) as well as international organizations shared by the two countries.The third chapter included the study of regional and international influential forces in the Iran - Iraq relations and that included two sections the first section, which deals with the study of (influential regional powers in the Iran - Iraq relations), which Turkey and the Arab Gulf states and Israel), and the second section, which dealt with the study of international powers influencing the Iran - Iraq relations) They (the United States and the European Union and the Russian Federation and China).The fourth chapter has included the study of dimensions geopolitical Iraqi - Iranian relations, which included two sections, the first section is a study of the (Iraqi - Iranian relations in the light of the clash of civilizations theory) and the second section includes the study of (future scenarios Iran - Iraq relations) through three scenes (scene of evolution, and scenery decline, and a scene of continuity). It is clear from the study of the four seasons that despite the differences in the Iraqi - Iranian relations during the previous historical stages because of the border and outstanding issues between the two problems, but it has evolved significantly and was settling the outstanding issues between them in a way that contributed to the development of relations for the better

هيدرولوجية الموارد المائية في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة الواقع والاحتياجات المستقبلية == Hydrology of water resources in the province of Karbala reality and future needs

اسم المؤلف: رؤى فاضل حسين التميمي
اسم المشرف: ضياء صائب احمد الالوسي | سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد محافظة كربلاء المقدسة من المحافظات المهمة لكونها تمثل مركزا دينيا ومعلما سياحيا مهما في العراق ونظرا لتناقص الموارد المائية السطحية والجوفية على حد سواء وتاثيراته المتعددة على استخدام هذه المياه في الاراضي المختلفة بان هذه الدراسة تهدف الى التعرف على التوزيع الجغرافي للموارد المائية المتوفرة في المحافظة وبيان خصائصها الفيزيائية والكيميائية بما يناسب حجم التزايد للطلب على هذه الموارد خلال السنين القادمة ولمختلف الاغراض . اعتمدت الدراسة على معلومات وبيانات رقمية فضلا عن تحليلات مختبريه لنماذج المياه السطحية والجوفية ، وتبرز اهمية الدراسة بشكل اساسي من خلال التعرف على تاثير العوامل الطبيعية والخصائص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للمياه السطحية والجوفية والتوقعات المستقبلية لواقع الموارد المائية في المحافظة وبيان كميات المياه المطلوبة مستقبلا لسد الاحتياجات كافة ومن هنا تبرز معرفة التاثيرات السلبية المحتملة من استمرار تناقص الواردات المائية (مياه سطحية وجوفية ) من خلال مقارنة حجم الطلب في الفترات السابقة وحجم المتوفر من هذه الموارد في الوقت الحاضر والمستقبل,تقع محافظة كربلاء ضمن دوائر العرض( o32,15 - - o32,45 - ) وخطي طول (o43,15 - - o44,15 - ) , وبمساحة احتمالية قدرها ( 5023 كم2 ) من الناحية المكانية, بينما كانت حدود الدراسة الزمانية المتمثلة بالفترة من (1990 - 2014) , تتركز الدراسة على تشخيص كمية ونوعية المياه السطحية والجوفية وبيان نوعيتها للاغراض المختلفة خلال الفترة الزمنية اعلاه ومن خلال التعرف على مصادر المياه السطحية واعداد الجداول المتفرعة من نهر الفرات والتي تعد المصدر الرئيسي للمياه في محافظة كربلاء فضلا عن التكوينات الجيولوجية الحاملة للمياه الجوفية ومناطق تواجدها افقيا وعموديا للوصول الى وضع الحلول المناسبة لتحقيق الاستخدام الامثل للموارد المائية في المحافظة وادارتها المستدامة لضمان المحافظة عليها للاجيال القادمة. من الناحية الجيولوجية فان الصخور المنكشفة تعود الى ما قبل الزمن الرباعي وتتراوح اعمارها مابين الاويوسين المتمثل بتكوين الدمام والبلايوسين - والبلايوستوستين المتمثل بتكوين زهرة ودبدبة ويتدرج من خلالها تكوين الفرات والفتحة وانجانه. تشير عناصر المناخ السائدة لمنطقة الدراسة الى ارتفاع معدلات الجفاف اذ تجاوزت معدلات درجات الحرارة 34,5 درجة , حيث كانت اعلى درجة في محطة كربلاء في شهر تموز بقيمة 37,5 درجة ومحطة عين تمر ولنفس الشهر بقيمة 35,3 درجة اما محطة النخيب ولنفس الشهر انفا وقد كانت 35,67 درجة , وبلغت معدلات التبخر في فصل الصيف وتحديدا في شهر تموز باعلى قيم في المحطات الثلاثة انفة الذكر بقيمة 434,8 و456,72 و502,28 على التوالي . يعد جدولي الحسينية وبني حسن من اهم المصادر السطحية في المحافظة اللذان ينفذان بشكل مباشر من نهر الفرات عن طريق نواظم موضوعة على نهر الفرات عند سدة الهندية لتي تتحكم برفع مستوى المياه . يتفرع جدول الحسينية من الجهة اليمنى للنهر ويجري في محافظة كربلاء من الشرق الى الغرب وينتهي في منخفض الرزازة الذي يبلغ طوله 180 كم ويتفرع من هذا الجدول شبكة من الري كاملة داخل ناحية الحسينية لمدينة كربلاء 5 جداول فرعية ( الوند , الكمالية , الجديدة , ابو زرع , الراشدية , الهندية ) اما جدول بني حسن فهو ثاني جدول يتغذى من سدة الهندية ويقع في القسم الجنوبي الشرقي من المحافظة ويبلغ طوله 44كم ويتفرع من هذا الجدول مجموعة جداول رئيسية التي تروي الاراضي الزراعية تبلغ مساحتها 124231 دونم تروي الاراضي المحصورة بين الجهة اليمنى لنهر الفرات ضمن ناحية الخيرات والجدول الغربي في قضاء الهندية . ويبلغ معدل التصريف السنوي لنهر الحسينية خلال الفترة من (1990 - 2014 ) (215, 01م3/ثا)في حين بلغ المعدل الشهري9,77م3/ثا اما معدل التصريف السنوي لجدول بني حسن في الفترة ذاتها(260م3/ثا)والمعدل الشهري(11,81م3/ثا).ان اهم التكوينات الجيولوجية الحاملة للمياه الجوفية لمحافظة كربلاء تتمثل بتكوين (دبدبة ,انجانه , دمام , ام ارضمة ) , وتتميز المياه الجوفية بتكوين دبدبة بكونها قارية الاصل ونوعيتها من مجموعة كبريتات الكالسيوم وكلوريد الصوديوم , اما في تكوين الدمام ولكونه تكوينا جيولوجيا رسوبيا بحريا فان ملوحة المياه الجوفية في هذا التكوين متغايرة فهي بشكل عام تتراوح من (1900 - 3000 ملم /لتر ) , اما المياه الجوفية في تكوين انجانه ذو ترسبات فتاتية بملوحة تتراوح بين اقل من 2000 - 5600 ملم/لتر, اما فيما يتعلق بام ارضمة فان ملوحة المياه الجوفية تتراوح بين (3000 - 5000 ملم/لتر). بلغ مجموع الفائض المائي في محطة كربلاء 18,98ملم اما محطة النخيب بلغ مجموع الفائض المائي 4,65 ملم وفي محطة عين تمر بلغ مجموع الفائض المائي 15,82ملم وذلك عند حساب الموازنة المائية باستخدام طريقة ثورنثويت للفترة(1990 - 2014) اما عنــــد حساب الفائض المائــي بطريقة خروفــه فقــد بلغ مجموع الفائض المائي في محطات ( كربلاء - النخيب - عين تمر) على التوالي (12,809 - 2,15 - 13,363)بسبب ارتفاع معدلات التبخر . بلغ مجموع الكلي من سكان محافظة كربلاء عام 2014 (1,151,152) نسمة وعليه تبلغ الحاجة المائية لسكان المحافظة بحدود (62651988/لتر)وبلغت مساحة الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة بحدود (1026948/دونم)وبلغت الاراضي الغير صالحة للزراعة (269787/دونم) . ان من اهم مقومات الصناعة هي المياه والمواد الاولية المتمثلة في المعادن وطرق النقل وان هذه المقومات متوفرة في منطقة الدراسة , اذ ان المياه الجوفية والسطحية من حيث نوعيتها وخصائصها تبين لنا بالامكان استخدام هذه المياه للاغراض الصناعية بعد معالجتها وفقا للصناعة المراد استثمارها | The governorate of Karbala is considered one of the important provinces because it represents a religious center and an important tourist landmark in Iraq. Due to the decrease in both surface and groundwater resources and its multiple impacts on the use of this water in different lands, this study aims at identifying the geographic distribution of the available water resources in the governorate Physical and chemical processes to suit the growing demand for these resources over the coming years and for various purposes. The study is based on numerical information and data as well as laboratory analyzes of surface and groundwater models. The importance of the study is highlighted mainly by identifying the effect of the natural factors and chemical and physical properties of surface and groundwater water and the future projections of the water resources in the governorate. The knowledge of the potential negative impacts of the continued decline in water imports (surface and groundwater) by comparing the volume of demand in previous periods and the current and future availability of these resources, (32,15 - 32,45) and linear length (43,15 - 44,15), with a probability area of (5023 km2) in spatial terms, while the limits of the temporal study of the period from (1990 - 2014). The study focuses on the diagnosis and quantity of surface and groundwater water for various purposes during the above period. The study also includes the identification of surface water sources and the preparation of the branch tables from the Euphrates River, the main source of water in Karbala governorate, And horizontally and horizontally to reach the appropriate solutions Coordination optimal use of water resources in the province and sustainable management to ensure preservation for future generations. From the geological point of view, the excavated rocks date back to pre - four - year - old Oyosin, which consists of the formation of Dammam and the Pleiocene - and the plastocysteine, which consists of the formation of flower and Dibdaba, through which the formation of the Euphrates and the opening and its tingles. The climatic factors prevailing in the study area indicate high droughts, with temperatures exceeding 34.5 degrees, with the highest in Karbala station in July at 37.5 degrees, Ain - Tamer station and the same month at 35.3 degrees, Al - Nukhayb Station for the same month Anva was 35.67 degrees, and the rates of evaporation in the summer and specifically in July the highest values in the three stations mentioned above 502,28 and 456.72 and 434, respectively. The Husseiniya and Bani Hassan Tables are one of the most important surface sources in the province, which are implemented directly from the Euphrates River by means of systems located on the Euphrates river at the edge of the Indian river that controls the elevation of the water level. The al - Husseiniya table is divided from the right side of the river and it is located in Karbala governorate from east to west and ends in al - Razazah, which is 180 km long. Al - Rashidiya, Hindi). The Bani Hassan Table is the second table to be fed by the Indian dam. It is located in the southeast part of the governorate. It is 44 km long. The table consists of a number of main tables that irrigate the agricultural land with a total area of 124231 dunums of land located between the right side of the Euphrates River Goodness and Table West in the Indian district. The annual discharge rate of the Husseiniya River during the period 1990 - 2014 was 215,01 m3 / s while the monthly average was 9,77 m3 / s. The annual discharge rate for Bani Hassan Table in the same period was 260 m3 / s, 81 m 3 / s.Groundwater is characterized by the formation of Dabdaba as a continental origin and its quality from the group of calcium sulphate and sodium chloride. In the composition of Dammam, as a geological formation of marine sediments, salinity Groundwater in this composition is heterogeneous, generally ranging from (1900 - 3000 mm / L), while the groundwater in the composition of its lagoons has sedimentary deposits of salinity ranging from less than 2000 to 5600 mm / L. Ranging from (3000 - 5000 mm / l(. The total water surplus in Karbala station was 18.98 mm, while the Nukhib station had a total water surplus of 4.65 mm. At Ain - Tamar station, the total water surplus was 15.82 mm when calculating the water budget using Thornthwaite method for the period 1990 - 2014. The total water surplus in the stations (Karbala - Nukhayb - EinTamr) (0) due to high evaporation rates. The total population of Karbala governorate in 2014 was (112538) people. Therefore, the water needs of the inhabitants of the governorate reached (62651988 / L) and the area of cultivated lands reached (1026948 / dunums). The main elements of the industry are water and raw materials represented in minerals and transport methods. These components are available in the study area. Ground and surface water in terms of quality and characteristics show us that this water can be used for industrial purposes after processing according to the industry to be invested.

تقييم الموارد المائية في قضاء التاجي وامكانات استثمارها == Evaluation of Water Resources in Altaji City and the Ability of Investment

اسم المؤلف: مها مثنى عون
اسم المشرف: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل العتابي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة تقييم الموارد المائية لخصائص مياه منطقة الدراسة وذلك بهدف معرفة صلاحيتها لمختلف الاستخدامات (مياه الشرب - الري - شرب الحيوانات) فضلا عن الاستخدام الصناعي. اعتمدت الدراسة على تحليل الخصائص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للمياه وذلك بجمع (8) نماذج من المياه السطحية ل (3) مواقع لكل نهر بواقع (2) نموذجين لكل موقع باستثناء الموقع نهر دجلة تم اخذ (4) نماذج لمواقع مختلفة وقد اخذت العينات بواقع نموذجين من كل موقع، الاول خلال شهر كانون الثاني والثاني خلال شهر تموز وتم تحليل (13) عنصرا ومركبا كيميائيا لمعرفة خصائصها الكيميائية، اما ما يتعلق بالمياه الجوفية تم جمع العينات من (4) مواقع وبواقع (4) نماذج من كل موقع(خلال شهر كانون الثاني وشهر تموز) كما تم تحليل (13) عنصرا ومركبا , ومن ثم مطابقة هذه النتائج مع المواصفات العالمية والعراقية لمعرفة مدى صلاحيتها لمختلف الاستخدامات. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والاستنتاجي فضلا عن المنهج التحليلي وقد جاءت بخمسة فصول مع المقدمة تناولت المقدمة ومشكلة الدراسة وفرضيتها واهميتها وحدودها والدراسات السابقة وطرائق العمل ومنهجيتها وتنظيمها)،وتناول الفصل الاول دراسة الخصائص الجغرافية لقضاء التاجي اذ ركز على الخصائص الطبيعية وهي(السطح، التركيب الجيولوجي، المناخ، التربة، النبات الطبيعي)، اما الخصائص البشرية فهي(النشاط الزراعي، النشاط المدني ودول اعالي الحوض والتلوث ). في حين تناول الفصل الثاني دراسة تحليلية للخصائص الهيدرولوجية للمياه السطحية وخصائص التصريف النهري والتي تشمل(خصائص التصريف السنوي، خصائص التصريف الفصلي ) فضلا عن الخصائص النوعية للمياه السطحية والتي تشمل (الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية. اما الفصل الثالث فهو دراسة تحليلية للخصائص الهيدرولوجية للمياه الجوفية والتي تشمل (المياه الجوفية، منشا المياه الجوفية، مصادر تغذيتها، طرائق استخراجها، مناسيبها، اعماقها، انتاجيتها) فضلا عن الخصائص النوعية والتي تشمل ( الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية) والفصل الرابع بعنوان (تقييم الموارد المائية لمختلف الاستعمالات) والمتمثلة ب (الاستعمال المدني لمياه الشرب، الاستعمال الزراعي (للري وشرب الحيوانات)، والاستعمال الصناعي). اعتمدت الدراسة في اغلبها على العمل الميداني من خلال جمع نماذج المياه وبالاستعانة لمجموعة من الادوات والمستلزمات كجهاز تحديد المواقع (GPS) والة التصوير فضلا عن اجهزة تحليل نماذج المياه فضلا عن اعتماد الخرائط لتمثل الظاهرة المدروسة. اما الفصل الخامس فهو استثمار الموارد المائية وتنميتها والتي تشمل استثمار الموارد المائية في المجال الزراعي، والمجال الصناعي ، والمجال المدني، ومجال الثروة الحيوانية، اما تنمية الموارد المائية تناولت تعريف ادارة الموارد المائية ومفهومها وتطوير اساليب الري ورفع كفاءتها من خلال تطوير اساليب الري، وصيانة المياه من الهدر والتلوث، وتطوير ادارة المياه والسيطرة عليها، وتغير التركيب المحصولي وتسعير الحوافز الاقتصادية وتحلية المياه واعادة استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي ونقل المياه من المناطق الوفيرة الى المناطق الشحيحة. اعتمدت الدراسة في اغلبها على العمل الميداني من خلال جمع نماذج المياه وبالاستعانة لمجموعة من الادوات والمستلزمات كا لمحرار الزئبقي وجهاز تحديد المواقع (GPS) والة التصوير فضلا عن اجهزة تحليل نماذج المياه فضلا عن اعتماد الخرائط لتمثل الظاهر المدروسه . لقد توصلت الدراسة الى بعض الاستنتاجات الرئيسية والمتمثلة في ان خصائص (الفيزيائية والكيميائية )تتباين مكانيا وزمانيا تبعا لتباين الظروف الطبيعية والبشرية.كما توصلت الدراسة الى ان مياه قضاء التاجي تتباين في مدى صلاحيتها لمياه الشرب والاستخدام الزراعي والصناعي ووفقا للمحددات البيئية العالمية والعراقية وان هذا التباين يكون مكانيا وزمانيا كما توصلت الدراسة الى ندرة الاعتماد على المياه الجوفية والاعتماد على المياه السطحية وتؤثر في استثمارها عوامل عديدة منها التكاليف الباهضة.. | This study deals with the valuation of water resources features of the water in the study region in order to learn its validity for various uses (potable water - irrigation - animals drink ) as well as the industrial use .this study depends on the analyses of the chemical and physical features of the water from (8) samples from (3) rivers ,(2) samples from each river concerning the surface water .For the ground water they were (4) locations and (4) samples from each location Summer or winter ) .Also (13) elements and compounds were analyzed and match these results with world and Iraq qualifications to learn its validity for various uses .the study depends on the conclusion course as well as analytic course .The study is divided into five chapters with introduction .the introduction discusses the study problem , hypothesis , importance , limits and previous studies , the method work, curriculum and organize .The first chapter discusses the geographical feature of the study location .It concentrate on the natural features ( the surface , geologic formations , climate , soil , natural plants and the human features ( agricultural activities , civil activities , the countries , fertilizers ,pesticides ,transportation , and transport means , methods of irrigation and pollution ) The second chapter is the analytic study for the hydrologic features of surface water and the features of river drain which includes ( annual drain features , season drain features ) as well as the quality features the surface water which includes ( Physical and chemical features).the third chapter is analytic study for the hydrologic features of water which includes ( ground water ,the origin of ground water , the resources of its feeding , the methods of extracting it ,its levels , its deeps , its productivity ) as well as the typical features which includes ( physical and chemical features ) .The fourth chapter ( valuation of the water resources for various uses ) represented in ( the civil use o potable water , agricultural use ( for irrigation and animal drinking ) and the industrial use ). The study depends mostly on the field work through collection of the samples and by use of several devices such as the thermometer ,GPS and photo machine as well as the devices of analyze the water samples and the maps that represent the studied phenomena .The fifth chapter discusses the investment of water resources and developing it .It includes investment of water resources in agricultural field , industrial field and civil field and animal treasure field .In the development of water resource it discusses identification and concept of water resources , development of irrigation methods , raise its competence by developing irrigation methods , maintain the water from waste and pollution , development of water management , change the crops forms , pricing the economic incentives , purifying the water , reuse the sewage water and transport the water to the from the places of abundances to the places have no water.The study makes some conclusions represented in that that ( The physical and chemical ) features are time and place variance according to the variance of natural and human conditions .also t5he water of the study location varied in its validity for drinking and agricultural and industrial use due to the world and Iraqi qualifications and this variety is in place and time .Also the study conclude to the rare use of the ground water and depending on surface water and it is influenced by several factors such as high costs .

اشكال سطح الارض في قضاء عفك في محافظة القادسية : دراسة في الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية == earth's surface Land Forms in Afak spend in Qadisiyah province (study of applied geomorphology )

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الحمزة اركان الجليحاوي
اسم المشرف: قاسم يوسف شتيت الشمري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study (formats ground in Afak spend in Qadisiyah province (the study of applied geomorphology)), as a researcher in which relied on field studies and office sources of books, letters and Alatarih and university research magazines and periodicals court, government publications, topographic maps and detailed pertaining to the region and the analysis and interpretation of visual space by using Arc program GIS.10, The study aims to study the shapes ground prevailing disclosed in Afak district, and through the show and explain natural factors and processes geomorphological prevailing in the region and influencing the composition and measuring its activity and to identify the implications of real - time and future, in addition to identifying these forms or manifestations that prevail in the region and measurement and its dimensions and their impact in the study area and the production of detailed geomorphological map representing most of the formats in the region geomorphological As well as identify the impact of geomorphological phenomena operations resulting human activity, is the study area is part of the sedimentary easy Iraqi geologically, as the geological configuration with associated geological developments that have occurred in Iraq and the region, though geological formations phenomenon on the surface of the region is configurations time four - wheel which covers the general study area are classified in turn to the river sediments and wind. The study included four seasons, It first chapter discusses the natural characteristics of the area, which meant the situation tectonic and structural, geological structure, the manifestations of the general surface, climatic characteristics, water resources, soil properties, natural vegetation, while the second chapter included a study geomorphological processes prevailing in the region, has been split operations according to its impact in a variety of forms to traumatic operations Morvotktonah, operations Morfumnachah, water system and processes Alheidrogiomorvologih resulting from it, life operations, While the third chapter forms the ground conditions in the study area, has been through this chapter addressed to the formats ground Altaroah of forms ground caused by water erosion and forms the floor caused by wind erosion, forms the floor caused by weathering processes, forms the floor caused by sedimentation and of forms of ground water caused by sedimentation, the shapes resulting from traumatic Alriha sedimentation processes, forms the ground resulting from Almorvotktonah processes, forms the ground resulting from the work of living organisms, Chapter four interested in studying the impact of geomorphological processes and phenomena caused by human activity and of settlement, agriculture, irrigation, industry, transport, tourism, the study concludes with a set of conclusions and recommendations.

الحوكمة الالكترونية لمدينة بغداد : دراســـة كارتوغرافية في نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == E - government to the City of Baghdad Cartography Study in GIS)

اسم المؤلف: سرى عماد وهيب القيسي
اسم المشرف: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل العتابي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الاهتمام المتزايد بمواكبة التقدم التكنولوجي الحاصل بشكل متسارع في العالم ادى الى ان يتجه العراق الذي يحاول النهوض ومسايرة الاتجاه العالمي نحو تنظيم البيانات وتبويبها والافادة من عصر تكنولوجيا المعلومات، لتزويد المواطن بالخدمات الرقمية والالكترونية والمحاولة للنهوض بالواقع الخدمي للوزارات ،ومدى تفاعلها لاختصار الوقت والجهد والكلفة ومحاولة النهوض ،لذا كان الغرض من الدراسة محاولة الوقوف على مسار العراق نحو الاتجاه الى الارشفة الالكترونية،وتبويب البيانات وحوكمتها،للافادة من التكنولوجيا العالمية ومحاولة تقليل الهدر بالموارد وتقليل الفساد ،من خلال انظمة الحوكمة التي تمكن الدولة من المراقبة الالية والسريعة للموارد.لذلك فقد جرى اختيار موضوع الدراسة (الحوكمة الالكترونية لمدينة بغداد دراسة كارتوغرافية في نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS) ،وجرت من خلاله دراسة التجارب العربية ومقارنة العراق ببعضها والوقوف على مدى جاهزية وزارات العراق والعاصمة بغداد لتفيذ هذه التقني التي تخدم الحكومة والمواطنين.و الكشف عن المشاريع الفعلية لنظام الحوكمة الالكترونية في بغداد بشكل خاص والعراق بشكل عام ،لذا تم مسح الوزارات جميعها واختيار بعض الوزارات التي فيها مشاريع فعلية للحوكمة الالكترونية ، وذات الوزارات التي فيها مراكز لنظم المعلومات الجغرافية بشكل متقدم، ومعلومات خدمية ايضا" ولها بعد جغرافي على الارض ، وكذلك جرت مقارنة العراق بمصر والاردن لتقارب الانظمة المعلوماتية وتاريخ بدء الحوكمة الالكترونية في كلا البلدين.وقد اشارت النتائج الى ان العراق على الرغم من بداء بالعمل بالحوكمة الالكترونية في عام 2011 الا ان مشروع الحوكمة الالكترونية لم ير الاهتمام الكافي والفعال في ميزانية الدولة ،على الرغم من المنافع الكبيرة . التي حققتها الوزارات العاملة بهذا الصدد، وكذلك قلة التخصيصات والكوادر المدربة على العمل بهذا المشروع فضلا عن تسارع العالم ،وهذا ما يجعل العراق ان يتخذ خطوات جدية وفعالة ليتماشى مع المحيط العربي والعالمي. | The growing interest to keep pace with development and technological progress happening rapidly in the world led to turning Iraq forced "and succumb to his motorcade global trend towards organizing data, classify and take advantage of the information age technology for providing citizens with digital and electronic services and try to promote the reality service ministries and how they interact to shorten the time, effort and cost, and to keep pace world, So The goal of the study came in the attempt to stand on Iraq's path towards the direction to archiving and electronic tabulation of data and governance to take advantage of global technology and try to lack of wastage of resources and reduce corruption through governance systems that enable the state to control the mechanism and rapid for resources. So it has been chosen subject of study (E - government to the city of Baghdad Cartography study in GIS. through which the study of Arab experiences and comparing Iraq with them and stand on the readiness of Iraqi ministries which geographical location in Baghdad ,and what are the actual enterprise which is engaged in Iraq and Baghdad in e - government therefore has been cleared of all ministries and selected ten ministries where concrete projects for electronic governance which is relevant ministries in which the centers of GIS has advanced, the same as well, "service and has a geographic dimension on the ground It has also been" compared Iraq, With Egypt and Jordan to the convergence of computer systems and the date of the start of E - governance in both countries. The results showed that, despite Iraq introduction of E - governance in 2011, but e - governance project did not find sufficient and active interest in the state budget despite the significant benefits achieved by working in this regard ministries as well as the lack of allocations and trained staff to work in this project as well as the acceleration of the world, especially the "Arab states governance information and this is what makes Iraq away from the World Ocean

التلوث البصري وابعاده المكانية في مدينة بغداد - الرصافة == Visual pollution and spatial dimensions in the city of Baghdad - Al Rusafa

اسم المؤلف: سها فاضل عباس
اسم المشرف: لطيف ماجد ابراهيم المشهداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Optical pollution considered vital base in building a balanced environment for all its components and its elements.The study of optical pollution along with its spatial dimensions in Baghdad - Rusafa leading to discover optical pollutions and its spatial distribution in the area of the study via using scientific methods based on field study. The study includes randomly distribution about 033 questionnaire , every 033 questionnaire for each area ( Al - Muthana, Al - Shaab, Al - Rasheed camp). Besides, using many statistic means through which it has been formed discrepancy in levels of optical pollutions . It has been depended on information got from the samples that confirmed existing discrepancy in optical levels pollutions.The study confirms on the following : 0. Reasons leading to the appearance of optical pollution in Rusafa.2. Systems and environmental legislations to get better of uncivilized behaviors have not existed .0. Existing differences in economic, scientific , cultural and social awareness, along with environmental awareness amongst the residents .4. Activating not the work of committees in Baghdad Municipality and its role in removing commercial and residential overpasses Differences of pollution phenomena optically from place to another

الاتجاهات الجغرافية لصادرات النفط العراقية : دراسة في الجيوبولتيك == Geographical Directions Of Iraq's Oil Exports ( Geopolitical Study)

اسم المؤلف: امل كريم تولي الكناني
اسم المشرف: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل العتابي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The existence of oil in Iraq has defined the method of most important social, economic and political developments in the modern history of Iraq; Since the discovery of oil in Iraq ,its importance got increased until becoming as a basic element in the international policy owing to geographical distribution of oil wealth among the continental.The goal of the current thesis carrying the title " The geographical trends of Iraqi oil exports - geopolitical study ) aims at explaining an important side of the main sectors in Iraq , discovers the outstanding events that affected on this sector, along with the factors having strong connection with it , either be natural or human factors and shows the geographical distribution of oil fields together with its oil development that being subjected to great incidents Iraq faced and Great Powers ' benefit.The current study also explains the Iraqi oil preservation development in respect to the world and OPEC states for being of geopolitical significance on international and territorial levels. By its contribution in the total domestic production , along with the individual 's share , and its effect on the state budget in addition to its importance in all service fields that being submitted to the Iraqis; besides its geopolitical nature on the international level that resulted into ensuing international relations between Iraq and states importing Iraq's oil that being considered as a relation directed by the energy sources . The researcher has relied on the historic method and functional and strength analysis ' she has divided the current paper into four chapters preceded by an introduction and concluded with suggestions and conclusions.The chapter one has focused on the spatial discrepancies for discovering Iraq preservation of oil; the chapter two has included the spatial discrepancies for producing means for transporting Iraq oil and its geopolitical for the period (1985 - 2014). The chapter three is concerned over the development of oil exports of Iraq , together with its international trends and directions for the same period, while the chapter four deals with the geopolitical importance for Iraq's oil exports on two levels local and international.The thesis has depended on a number of maps and schedules and concluded with a set of conclusions and suggestions ; besides , the abstract in English , conclusion and list of Arab and Foreign references.

الامن الصحي في العراق واثره في قوة الدولة == Health Security in Iraq and its effect on the state's strength

اسم المؤلف: هادي فيصل سعدون المنشداوي
اسم المشرف: ماهر اسماعيل ابراهيم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تنبع اهمية هذه الدراسة من الحاجة الملحة لدراسة واقع الامن الصحي في العراق من كون ان الخدمات الصحية والعمل على تامين مؤشراتها ياتي في طليعة العمل الوطني للدولة .ولما لهذه الخدمات من تاثير ايجابي في مسيرة التنمية والبناء والاستقرار الاجتماعي اذا ما احسن توجيهها وادارتها وتواصلت على اسس علمية صحيحة وتخطيط سليم . هدفت الدراسة الى بيان وتقسيم الوضع الصحي في العراق طبقا لمفاهيم الجغرافيا السياسية , وفي محاولة للكشف عن مواطن الخلل والمشكلات التي يعاني منها الامن الصحي ومعرفة واقع المتغير الصحي في محافظات العراق ومن خلال المؤشرات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والديموغرافية وحتى الطبيعة والصحية منها التي نراها ولها صلة لرؤية الواقع الصحي في الدولة ،وتحليل تلك المؤشرات واثرها في قوة الدولة .والتتبع التاريخي للاوضاع الصحية وتطورها من سبعينيات القرن الماضي حتى الوقت الحاضر ومعرفة واقع المؤسسات الصحية وتوزيعها جغرافيا على شكل فئات من العليا حتى الدنيا على الخريطة من اعداد المستشفيات والاطباء، ولتحقيق مجمل الاهداف انتهج الباحث المنهج التحليلي للوصول الى النتائج العلمية الدقيقة معتمدا الجداول والمعدلات ذات العلاقة , وجميع البيانات من خلال تقارير لوزارة الصحة العراقية ووزارات الدولة الاخرى ومنظمة الصحة العالمية والامم المتحدة والدراسات المختصة وغيرها. واعتمدنا من خلال الدراسة على المنهج الوظيفي لان من وظائف الدولة توفير الخدمات للسكان والمحافظة على كيانها الداخلي كالخدمات الصحية وغيرها المرتبطة بها ونجد ان العراق شغل المراتب ما قبل الاخيرة في نواحي عديدة ولكن له اثر سلبي في توفر الامن الصحي في البلاد لكثرة الاسباب ومنها عدم الاستقرار التي مر بها العراق على مدى ثلاثة عقود خلت, وارتقى الباحث الى تقسيم الدراسة الى اربعة فصول يكون الفصل الاول حول مفهوم الامن الانساني وانواعه وتعريف الامن الصحي ودراسة الاوضاع الصحية في العراق تاريخيا ومراحل تطوره ،والفصل الثاني بينه المتغيرات الجغرافية الطبيعية والسياسية والاجتماعية والسكانية لتدهور الوضع الصحي في العراق مثلا التقلبات المناخية والتلوث البيئي والاحتلال والوضع الامني والامية والعادات والتقاليد وغيرها وايضا نبذة مختصرة حول العراق والواقع الحالي فيه ، والفصل الثالث حول تداعيات تدهور الامن الصحي واما الفصل الخامس فهو حول استراتيجيات تحقيق الامن الصحي في العراق داخليا وخارجيا ،وتوصلت الدراسة الى عدة استنتاجات منها ( اهمية القطاع الصحي من بين بقية القطاعات الاخرى، لا يتحقق الامن الانساني الا بتحقيق امن الدولة ومنها الامن الصحي كان تطور الخدمات الصحية يسير بصورة تدريجية وبطيئة نتيجة لسوء الاوضاع السياسية، ان المناخ ظاهرة كونية تمس الحياة بصورة مباشرة او غير مباشرة وتوثر في صحة الانسان، هناك امراض انفردت في تسجيل اصابتها , اما لكثرة حدوثها في العراق او لندرتها، ان دراسة التركيب العمري والنوعي (ذكور واناث ) للمصابين اكدت ان المسببات المرضية غير منحازة الى فئة عمرية او نوعية معينه ولكن تظهر الاختلافات في عدد الاصابات لتلك الامراض مهما كانت العوامل . تدني نسب الانفاق على الصحة وبالتالي تدهور الوضع الصحي، الواقع لدينا يشير الى عدم الاتساق في اعمال الوزارات والمؤسسات المختلفة التي تقوم باداء قسم من الخدمات ذات الصلة بقطاع الصحة، قلة الادوية في المستشفيات وعدم تطبيق نظام التسعيرة على الدواء ,مع وجود مشاكل تشريعية على عملية استيراد الادوية , كما لا يوجد اليات حديثة موحدة في عملية توزيع الادوية على المرضى في المستشفيات، يوجد ضعف في قدرة الملاكات الادارية في تحديد المشكلات ومعوقات الاداء والجودة ووجود الكثير من الاطباء الذين هاجروا الى خارج العراق لاسباب متعددة مما اثر في القطاع الصحي العراقي ووجود نقص واضح وكفاءات طبية وصحية، اثر النزوح الداخلي لاسباب متعددة في البلاد اثر في العديد من قطاعات الدولة وممزااد العبء على المنشات ومؤسسات الرعاية الصحية وتوفير العلاج والادوية لهم، ان الفساد الاداري والمالي الذي يوجد في مفاصل الدولة يؤدي الى تدمير البلاد داخليا) واليوم الذي زاد من الاوضاع الصحية سوء هو استيفاء الاجور من المواطنين من وزارة الصحة مقابل تقديم الخدمة الصحية. وبناء على هذه الدراسة توصي الدراسة بالاهتمام بالقطاع الصحي والتقليل من حجم الفجوة الصحية وتقليل الاجور مقابل الخدمات الصحية والعلاج والاعتماد على الرعاية الصحية الاولية والتوسع افقيا في انشاء المراكز والمستشفيات الصحية ورفدها بالكفاءات من الموارد البشرية الصحية بكل التخصصات والمعدات الحديثة والاعتماد على التنمية المستدامة والتعاون المشترك اقليميا وعالميا وتقديم الدعم المادي لها واستشراق المستقبل ومحاولة تغيير هذه الصورة نحو الافضل سيعا لتحقيق الامن الصحي في العراق. | The importance of the current study lies in the urgent need to study the reality of Health security in Iraq since this domain has been occupied first rank in the national work of the state . This domain would have positive effect on development and social stability only if these services have been efficiently and scientifically managed . The current study aims at showing and dividing the health situation in Iraq according the political geographical concepts . It attempts to uncover weak points and problems the health security suffers from and to know the reality of the health in Iraq's governorates via demographical, social, economic, and political indications; besides , analyzing these indications and its effect on the strength of the state. It follows up historical consequences of health conditions and its development in 70s until present time and knowing the reality of the health institutions along with its geographical distributions. In order carry out the goals , the researcher has used analysis method as to get to accurate scientific results by depending on schedules , concerned equations and all data via reports of Iraqi ministry of health , planning ministry , other state ministries, international organization of health and UN . Through the study , goals, hypotheses of organized methodology in the political geography, we find that Iraq occupies the rank before the last one in submitting health services . This resulted into affecting health security in the country for many reasons including instability Iraq has passed through for three decades . Today, these conditions get increased by taking fees from the citizens by the ministry of health in return for submitting health services to them. This resulted into getting many people away from going to the health institutions and centers. Based on these results , the study has recommended to concern on the health sector and to diminish the gap and fees in return for health services and treatment; besides , depending on first health patronage and expanding in establishing centers and hospitals bolstered with high qualified figures with all specializations and modern equipment . It should depend on the sustainable development and joint cooperation internationally and territorially; besides , submitting financial support to these health centers and to try to change them to better as to carry out the health security in Iraq.

التباين المكاني لمرضى الفشل الكلوي في محافظة بغداد للمدة 2004 - 2013 == Spatial variation of the disease, renal failure in Baghdad province for the period 2004 - 2013

اسم المؤلف: فاتن عباس مهدي
اسم المشرف: لطيف ماجد ابراهيم المشهداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study aims at knowing the geographical distribution of the Kidney - failure patients in Baghdad along with knowing their economic and social properties and uncovering reasons of discrepancy in injuries in Rusafa and Karkh as well. It has been gathered data and information via questionnaire for knowing aspects of the patient attending at the centers of kidney washing in Baghdad . It has been depended on CIS technique to specify the area of the study and locations of hospitals and provinces where this disease prevails over . Moreover , it has been based on statistic means represented in percentage ratios and data analysis as to get most accurate results for indicating the role of the human variables ( residential, economic and Construction ) .Results of the study have appeared that the geographical distribution of the patients appeared to be varied in Baghdad , where it has been more concentrated in Rusafa than in Karkh. In respect to measures of this disease, it has appeared that Al - Rusafa and Sadr have been higher in injury ration than other areas since such areas populated hugely. The discrepancy of physiological , healthy, cultural, economic and social factors ( self) as sex , age , genetic ) plays a large role into such kidney failure injuries in the area of the study .

تبطين جداول الري واثرها في رفع الكفاءة الاروائية في قضاء الاستقلال / محافظة بغداد == The irrigation scales and their effect in raising irrigation efficiency In the province of Aistiqlal Baghdad Governorate

اسم المؤلف: فــرح حميــد محــمود
اسم المشرف: قاسم يوسف شتيت الشمري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة تم اختيار قضاء الاستقلال كمنطقة للدراسة لزيادة حاجته للمياه كما ونوعا وكذلك بفعل زيادة عدد سكان منطقة الدراسة، لذلك يجب ان تكون شبكة الري قادرة على ايصال كميات المياه اللازمة لـهـــذه المحاصيل كما يتطلب ان تكون شبكة الري متطورة ، لذلك فان هدف الدراسة يدور بشان هذا الموضوع الذي يتمثل في : 1 - زيادة وتسريع كمية المياه المنقولة بواسطة القنوات المبطنة.2 - زيادة المساحات المروية بالقنوات الاروائية المبطنة .3 - تقليل الضائعات المائية بواسطة القنوات الاروائية المبطنة .4 - تطوير الواقع الزراعي الاروائي في منطقة الدراسة .5 - رفع كفاءة شبكة الري وضبط توزيعها وفق الاساليب الحديثة في منطقة الدراسة .وان منطقة الدراسة (قضاء الاستقلال) تمثل احد اقضية محافظة بغداد وانه جغرافيا يقع شمال محافظة بغداد .وتم دراسة الخصائص الطبيعية والبشرية لمنطقة الدراسة ومدى تاثير كل من البنية الجيولوجية وخواص السطح وعناصر المناخ والتربة على المشاريع الاروائية وتبطينها ، اذ ان استواء سطح المنطقة ساهم في سهولة شق القنوات , واعتمد البحث على الجانب التخطيطي والكفاءة الاقتصادية في استثمار الموارد المائية في تبطين قنوات الري بهدف تقليل الضائعات المائية ، حيث بلغت القنوات الرئيسية للقضاء (2) قناة و(6) قنوات فرعية وقناة واحدة ثانوية , اذ يشكل نهر دجلة اهم مورد للمياه في منطقة الدراسة ياتي بعده جداول مشروع ري اسفل الخالص في محافظة ديالى التي تغذيها عن طريق قنوات مبطنة . وان نوع التبطين السائد في منطقة الدراسة هو التبطين بالخرسانة العادية (الكونكريت) , وساهم هذا التبطين في خفض تكاليف ما بعد الانشاء , وزيادة سرعة جريان الماء مما يصبح الفاقد من المياه اقل . ويساهم ايضا في التقليل من مشاكل بزل الاراضي الزراعية المجاورة لهذه القنوات | In this study, independence was chosen as a study area to increase its water needs in quantity and quantity as well as by increasing the population of the study area. Therefore, the irrigation network must be able to deliver the quantities of water required for these crops. It also requires that the irrigation system be developed. This theme, which is : 1 - Increase and accelerate the amount of water transported by the channels lining.. 2 - Increasing irrigated areas with lined irrigation channels3 - Reduction of water losses by lining channels lining.4 - Development of agricultural agricultural reality in the study area.5 - Raising the efficiency of the irrigation network and control distribution according to modern methods in the study area.The study area (Independence District) represents one of the districts of Baghdad province and is geographically located north of Baghdad province.The natural and geographical characteristics of the study area and the extent of the effect of geological structure, surface properties, elements of climate and soil on irrigation projects and their lining were studied. If the surface level of the region contributed to the ease of channeling, the research was based on planning and economic efficiency in investing water resources in lining irrigation channels. The main channels of the judiciary are (2) channels and (6) sub - channels and one secondary channel. The Tigris River is the most important water resource in the study area, followed by the tables of the pure irrigation project in Diyala Governorate, Belly.The type of liner in the study area is concrete concrete lining, which contributed to the reduction of post - construction costs and increased water flow velocity, resulting in less water loss. It also contributes to reducing the problems of agricultural land adjacent to these channels.

المشكلات الجيوبولتيكية في شطري السودان == Geopolitical problems in the two parts of Sudan

اسم المؤلف: رسل محمد غفوري
اسم المشرف: ماهر اسماعيل ابراهيم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The political geography interested in studying the political units and follow up the international and regional variables , and the resulting problems and gaps in the global political map The target it’s to get an accurate analysis for international situation facts which is usually featured by a fast dynamic , and that is through knowing the nature of powers which is controlling in formation of the political trends to the countries and determination the way which this powers interact and interested the various effects and reactions on the international community situation , the importance of this study it’s studying Sudan secession to two countries , which is the most important issues which bother the Arab homeland and what resulted on this secession , problems affect on a stability and security of the Arab homeland , it’s incentive another regions in Arab countries to follow suit the south Sudan country . The studying hypothesis focuses on existence international , regional and local factors , affected on relations and connections between the two parts of Sudan it’s make it tense and reach to problems which is still existing between them until now .And to access to the target of studying I divided the studying to four chapters : - Chapter one : the natural structure and the geopolitical problems in the two parts of SudanInclude three sections : Section one : ( location - area - figure )Section two : ( water resources , Nile river problem )Section three : ( mineral resources - the oil problems )Chapter two : the international border and geopoliticalproblems in the two parts of Sudan \ include two sections Section one : the border problems between Sudan and southSudanSection two : the border problems of two parts of Sudan withneighboring countriesChapter three : the population structure and geopoliticalproblems in two parts of Sudan \ include three sectionsSection one : demographic structureSection two : ethnographic structureSection three : the tribal conflict in two parts of SudanChapter four : economic structure and geopolitical problemsin two parts of Sudan \ include two sections Section one : economic problems in two parts of Sudan Section two : the balance of international powers in two parts of Sudan after 2011 The thesis also supplied by many maps , concluded by a conclusion and many of Arabic and English sources and graphical statistics from competent department , as well as the thesis abstract in Arabic and English the thesis reached to many results and suggestions and most important of that it’s in spite of south Sudan secession but it that didn’t put an end for Sudan problems but on the contrary the severity of the problems increased not on both of them only but on Arab - African neighboring countries .Which is associated with Sudan in overlapping border , beside the overlapping tribal with some of it , also about affect some of movements and nationalities in those countries that demand for secession similar to south country , and that caused to political instability , which is will reflect on relation of two parts of Sudan with arab - African neighboring countries

التوجه الروسي نحو الشرق الاوسط ما بعد الحرب الباردة : دراسة في الجيوبولتيكس == Russian orientation towards the Middle East after the Cold War Study In Geopolitics

اسم المؤلف: علي سامي حمد القره غولي
اسم المشرف: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل العتابي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الواقع الدولي اليوم اصبح تحت تاثير العلاقات الدولية التي تحركها المصالح من خلال اتباع استراتيجيات دولية لتحقيق تلك المصالح, ان انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي ساعده على تغيير بعض المفاهيم التي كانت تحكم تلك العلاقات, تلك الدول تسعى للحفاظ على دائرة نفوذها من خلال اتساع علاقاتها الدولية, التي من شانهزايادة مكانتها على المستوى الدولي مستخدمة التعاون السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي والعسكري.ومن خلال هذه الدراسة سنقوم بابراز التوجه الروسي الجديد نحو منطقة الشرق الاوسط والتي لم تكن بعيدة عن الاهتمام الروسي الى بعد نهاية الحرب الباردة, وعالجت هذه الدراسة الاشكالية التي تدور حول طبيعية التوجهات الروسية تجاه منطقة الشرق الاوسط, وما هي الدوافع والاسباب الكامنة وراء ذلك.كما بينت رغبة روسيا في تكوين عالم متعدد الاقطاب تكون هي احد اقطابه. فضلا عن افتراض مبدا البرغاماتية التي تنطلق منها السياسة الخارجية الروسية بهدف تحقيق المصالح الوطنية الروسية, والتي تتصدرها استعادة النفوذ في الساحة الدولية.وانطلاقا مما تقدم حاول الباحث الالمام بماهية موضوعه مما اضطره الى ترتيبه على نحو يفي بالغرض ويهيئ المتلقي بما يدور في ثنايا الموضوع, لذا تناولت الرسالة في فصلها الاول, الاطار النظري في المبحث الاول, والاطار المفاهيمي في المبحث الثاني, اما الفصل الثاني فتناول الملامح التاريخية والجغرافية وتاثيراتها الجيوبوليتيكية على التوجه الروسي نحو منطقة الشرق الاوسط. اما الفصل الثالث تطرق الى طبيعة النظام الدولي واثره على التوجه الجيوبوليتيك الروسي نحو منطقة الشرق الاوسط, ومصالح روسيا في المنطقة. اما الفصل الرابع فقد تناول محددات التوجه الروسي نحو الشرق الاوسط ومستقبلها الجيوبوليتيكي. فضلا عن الاستنتاجات والمقترحات. | Today, the international reality has become under the influence of international relations, driven by interests through the adoption of international strategies to achieve those interests. The collapse of the Soviet Union helped to change some of the concepts that governed these relations, and these countries seek to maintain their sphere of influence through the expansion of their relations Which would increase its status at the international level by using political, economic, social and military cooperation.In this study, we will highlight the new Russian approach towards the Middle East region, which was not far from Russian interest after the end of the Cold War. This study dealt with the problematic nature of Russian attitudes towards the Middle East and the motives and reasons behind it.It also showed Russia's desire to create a multipolar world that would be one of his casualties. In addition to the assumption of the principle of pragmatism, which is the basis of Russian foreign policy in order to achieve the national interests of Russia, led by the restoration of influence in the international arena.Based on the above, the researcher tried to understand what the subject was, which forced him to arrange it in a way that meets the purpose and prepares the recipient for what is going on in the folds of the subject. Therefore, the letter dealt with the first chapter, the theoretical framework in the first topic, the conceptual framework in the second section, the second chapter deals with the historical and geographical features And its geopolitical effects on Russia's approach to the Middle East. The third chapter dealt with the nature of the international system and its impact on Russia's geopolitical orientation towards the Middle East and Russia's interests in the region. Chapter IV deals with the determinants of the Russian orientation towards the Middle East and its geopolitical future. As well as conclusions and proposals

الفقر والحرمان واثره في الامن الانساني في العراق : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Poverty and deprivation and its impact on human security in Iraq) study in geopolitical

اسم المؤلف: علي قاسم جبار العبادي
اسم المشرف: شيماء محمد جواد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2000
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تنبع اهمية هذه الدراسة من الحاجة الملحة لدراسة واقع الفقر والحرمان واثره في الامن الانساني في العراق ، كون ان القضاء على الفقر من اساسيات العمل الوطني للدولة ، الفقر ظاهرة معقدة ذات ابعاد متعددة سياسية واقتصادية واجتماعية ، ويختلف المفهوم والاسباب والنتائج من دولة الى اخرى ، ولكن من المتفق عليه ان الفقر هو حالة من الحرمان المادي التي تتجلى اهم مظاهره في انخفاض استهلاك الغذاء كما ونوعا وتدني الحالة الصحية والمستوى التعليمي والوضع السكني ، والحرمان من تملك السلع وفقدان الضمان لمواجهة الحالات الطارئة ، ومن حق كل شخص في كل مكان ان يعيش بكرامة وعدم الحرمان من الحاجات الاساسية . ويهدف البحث الى توضيح المفهوم والاسباب والنتائج وعندما تشخص الاسباب والنتائج فمن الممكن معالجتها عن طريق التوصيات والمعالجات التي توصلت اليها الدراسة وتهدف الدراسة الى بيان واقع الفقر والحرمان في العراق ومحاولة الكشف عن مواطن الخلل والمشكلات والاسباب التي تؤدي الى الفقر والحرمان وواقعهما في المحافظات العراقية من خلال بعض المؤشرات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية ومعرفته واقع الفقر والحرمان وتوزيعهما الجغرافي على الخريطة ومعرفة مستويات الفقر والحرمان حسب المحافظات ولتحقيق الاهداف اعتمد الباحث على المنهج التحليلي والوظيفي للوصول الى النتائج العلمية الدقيقة وجمع البيانات من خلال تقارير تقرير التنمية البشرية وتقارير وزارة التخطيط ووزارة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية ، واعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوظيفي لان من واجبات الدولة القضاء على الفقر والحرمان وتوفير الخدمات الاساسية للافراد . وقد خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات منها ، ان من اهم العوامل المساهمة في زيادة الفقر هي عوامل عديدة كانخفاض في معدلات النمو الاقتصادي ومستويات الدخل والحصار الاقتصادي والحروب . وعلى الرغم من تعدد برامج سياسات معالجة الفقر الا انها لم تعالج الاسباب الحقيقية للفقر وانما معالجة الاثار الناجمة عنه ، وقد توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من التوصيات منهزايادة النفقات الاجتماعية كشبكات الحماية الاجتماعية ، وانشاء مؤسسات حكومية تعني بشؤون الفقراء من خلال تقديم الدعم المالي ومنح القروض . | The importance of this study stems from the urgent need to study the reality of poverty and deprivation and its impact on the political security in Iraq, since the eradication of poverty is one of the fundamentals of the national action of the state,Poverty is a complex phenomenon with multiple political, economic and social dimensions. The concept, causes and results differ from one country to another, but it is agreed that poverty is a state of material deprivation. The most important demonstration is the decrease in food consumption, quality and low health status, educational level and housing status, Goods and loss of security for emergency situations. Every person everywhere has the right to live in dignity and not to be deprived of basic needs.The aim of the study is to explain the reality of poverty and deprivation in Iraq and to try to uncover the shortcomings, problems and causes that lead to poverty and deprivation and the reality of poverty and deprivation in the Iraqi provinces of During some of the political, economic and social indicators and knowledge of the reality of poverty and deprivation and their geographical distribution on the map and to know the levels of poverty and deprivation by provinces, and to achieve the objectives adopted the researcher on the analytical approach to reach the net The results are based on reports of the Human Development Report, reports of the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. The researcher adopted a functional approach because it is the duty of the state to eradicate poverty, deprivation and provide basic services to individuals.The study concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations. One of the most important factors contributing to the increase of poverty is the decline in economic growth rates, income levels, economic siege and wars.In spite of the multiplicity of poverty alleviation policies, it did not address the real causes of poverty, but rather tackled the consequences. The study reached a number of recommendations, including increasing social expenditures such as social protection networks and establishing poor public institutions through financial support and granting loans.

تباين توزيع النفايات الصلبة في مدينة بغداد وسبل معالجتها == Difference of Solid Wastes Distribution In Baghdad City and Ways of Treatment

اسم المؤلف: ازهار عبد الامير حسن الربيعي
اسم المشرف: قاسم يوسف شتيت الشمري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وقد شملت الدراسة تحليل المعلومات التي تم جمعها عن (الاثر البيئي للنفايات الصلبة في مدينة بغداد) بتطبيق استبانة مسحية للمشاركة المجتمعية في عملية معرفة (الاثر البيئي للنفايات الصلبة) وطرق التعامل معها وجمع المعلومات الخاصة بمناخ وجغرافية منطقة الدراسة، وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في جانبي الكرخ والرصافة من مدينة بغداد كونها تعاني بشكل كبير من الاثار البيئية للنفايات الصلبة وكونها تفتقر الى الطرق الصحيحة للتعامل مع هذه المشكلة سواء من قبل السكان او الدوائر المعنية، حيث ان مدينة متباينة في ظروفها الاقتصادية والثقافية وتوزيعها السكاني مع وجود العديد من مناطق السكن العشوائية ومناطق الطمر العشوائي اللاصحي فيها .يتكون البحث من خمسة فصول تتناول اولها المقدمة ومشكلة البحث واهميته والاهداف المرجوة ووسائل تحقيقها، فيما اختص الفصل الثاني (بتركيب النفايات الصلبة وانواعها) بينما تتناول الفصل الثالث (اساليب جمع النفايات الصلبة وادرتها البيئية) بينما تناول الفصل الرابع (التقنيات المستخدمة في ادارة ومعالجة النفايات الصلبة في مدينة بغداد) في حين تناول الفصل الخامس (التاثيرات البيئية الناجمة عن النفايات الصلبة) وتضمن هذا الفصل الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي تم الوصول اليها من خلال هذا البحث.ان النفايات الصلبة مشكلة بدات تتفاقم نتيجة للزيادة الهائلة في حجم السكان ونمو المجتمعات وما صاحبها من زيادة النشاط البشري في المجالات كافة . | The solid wastes have been considered as a huge problem that got increased owing to the huge increase in the size of population , growth of civilized societies and what has been accompanied by the increase in the human activity in all fields and domains. The solid wastes are defined as " any material thrown by the human when its necessary gets expired and considered as unfit for human consumption. despite the possibility of getting benefit of these materials thrown in another place as that defined by the Iraqi project , that the wastes cause or might cause huge harm for the human and environment. This problem has become ( problem of solid wastes) as an environmental urgent matter in the world where the size of wastes begin increasing owing to the increase in population and rates of consumption from other side. This current paper deals with the environmental matter of solid wastes in Baghdad City ; the researcher has dealt with the society of research represented in Baghdad City its population amounted 5,995,432 . This ratio has been distributed on the Baghdad both sides ( Rusafa - Karkh) . The research has concerned over studying the environmental effect and pollution resulted from the solid wastes considered as a danger on life of human beings , health and environment,.The study includes analysis of information that being gathered about (the environmental effect of solid wastes on Baghdad City) by applying survey questionnaire as to know the environmental effect of solid wastes on Baghdad city and to know methods of how to deal with it ; besides , gathering information about the atmosphere and geography of the area of the study. The problem of the study is represented in the both sides of Baghdad ( Karkh - Rusafa) since it suffers a great deal from the environmental effect of solid wastes so long as Baghdad lacks of health methods to process and to deal with this problem either by the population or the concerned bodies . Baghdad is disparity in its cultural and economic conditions and its population distribution with the existence of many of random population areas where healthy elements are unavailable . The current research consists of five chapters , the chapter one includes introduction , importance and problem of research, goals of research and how to achieve them. The chapter two (composition of wastes ) , solidness and its types , while the chapter three includes the methods of gathering and collecting solid wastes and how to manage them. The chapter four deals with the techniques used in managing and processing the solid wastes, the chapter five assigned for the environmental effects ensued from the solid wastes in Baghdad City; this chapter also includes conclusions and recommendations that reached to via the current research

العلاقات الامريكية - القطرية 1971 - 1991 == American_Oatar relations 1971_1991

اسم المؤلف: دعاء ريسان صدام منحوش الغانمي
اسم المشرف: قيس جواد علي الغريري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Gulf region is of great importance and importance in the foreign policy of the United States of America. This stems from two basic facts. The first is that the Gulf region has strategic importance and weight in the Arab world. Most countries in the region, (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE and Oman) have strong relations with the West, especially the United States, making it one of the determinants of the movement in the regional system of the Middle East. The second fact is that US foreign policy has a clear impact on the lives of nations and peoples. The US - Qatari relations 1971 - 1991 because the State of Qatar is part of them from the Arabian Gulf region, as well as what this country represents in the political thought of the United States America, which is trying to achieve its goals and interests in it.The United States established diplomatic relations with the State of Qatar in 1972 after its independence in 1971. The United States followed a foreign policy towards the State of Qatar based on the existence of fundamental interests that emerge through the importance represented by Qatar as one of the most important oil deposits in the world. The United States intervened in many countries because of its oil policies and for that the United States used its foreign policy and all of the same diplomatic and military pressure to turn the equation in their favor. US - Qatari relations have grown increasingly important in various fields, especially in economic, military and commercial aspects. The time frame for the study was set between 1971 - 1991 according to many considerations. The year 1971 witnessed the independence of the State of Qatar, as well as the most important event in the history of the region, namely the British withdrawal from it, and the beginning of the American rush. To protect its interests starting with strengthening its relationship with some countries in the region and ending with increasing its military presence in the region, especially with the six Gulf states. While the end of the study was determined in 1991 because it witnessed a great change in the Gulf region, which represents the American response and the other countries to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and how the United States used it to establish its presence in the region steadily and intensively through the establishment of military bases deployed in different regions of countries Surrounding the waters of the Arabian Gulf. This is what the study is keen to clarify.We divided the study into an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources. The first chapter was titled : The decline of the British colonial influence in the Gulf and the beginning of the American interest in the region through three studies : We focused on the first of them on the site of Qatar under the strategic importance of the Arabian Gulf, The site has influenced the development of the State of Qatar, and we discussed in the second section to the British withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and the independence of the State of Qatar in 1971, while highlighted in the third topic the beginning of US interest in Qatar. The second chapter is devoted to the study of oil and gas investment and their impact on the development of US - Qatari relations, divided into three fields. The first dealt with the oil investment and the role of American companies and how oil played an important role in giving Qatar great importance among other countries, especially the United States. Oil and gas revenues in the country's development, and how these revenues have been the main factor in the development of the State of Qatar at all levels, while the third studied the development of US - Qatari economic relations.The third chapter focuses on the impact of regional conflicts on US - Qatari relations. It was clarified through three studies. The first topic focused on the October 1973 war, the American and Qatari positions, and how Qatar stood by the Arab countries in imposing an oil embargo on the United States and European countries supporting Israel. . The second topic dealt with the American and Qatari situation from the Iran - Iraq War, which occupied the region for many years, and which threatened the security of the Arab Gulf States, while the third topic highlighted the details of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the nature of the American and Qatari position.The fourth chapter focused on the study of Qatar's position in the US military strategy through three areas. The first focused on the common motives of Qatar and the United States on military concerns towards the Gulf region by securing energy sources and protecting allied systems. Through the creation of the US Central Command in 1983, which was the result of serious developments in the region, notably the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1979 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the same year, as well as US and national defense arrangements, while studying the third topic The latest concept of security joint US strategy and country militarily, economically and politically in accordance.

العلاقات المصرية - الهندية 1952 - 1970 == Egyptian - Indian relations 1952 - 1970

اسم المؤلف: هشام نعيم غليم الكعبي
اسم المشرف: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The political relations of the countries are complex and multifaceted aspects and dimensions as they represent the goals and self - interest of each state to other countries or movements or revolutions or international events and others, and the Egyptian - Indian political relations of those relations affected by the international events that occurred in the Middle East, and the interventions and projects launched Countries . Egypt and India are major countries with weight and influence in the regional and international affairs. They both have great demographic and economic weight, and are based on ancient civilization and cultural components. They are therefore receiving regional and international attention. The subject of the Egyptian - Indian relations was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. Each chapter contains several topics according to the subject unit and the historical sequence. The study is devoted to studying the roots of Egyptian - Indian relations for the years prior to the time period of the letter. The first chapter studied the Indian - Egyptian relations (1955 - 1952), and this era is full of political events in the Middle East. The chapter included four topics. The first came to study : India's position on the revolution of July 23, 1952 in Egypt. The Egyptian - British evacuation in 1954. The third topic dealt with the Egyptian - Egyptian position of the 1955 Baghdad Pact. The fourth topic focused on the Egyptian - Indian role at the 1955 Bandung Conference. The second chapter is devoted to the study of Egyptian - Indian relations (1956 - 1961). It includes three topics. The first is the position of India on the nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956. The second section deals with the official and popular Indian position on the tripartite aggression against Egypt 1956, Addressing India's position on Egyptian - Syrian unity and separation (1958 - 61).The third chapter deals with the Egyptian - Indian relations in light of the regional developments 1962 - 1970. It also includes three topics. The first topic is the Egyptian position on the Indo - Chinese conflict 1962 - 1963. The second section deals with Egypt's position on the death of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. 1964, and the third topic dealt with the role of Egypt in the Indo - Pakistan war on Kashmir 1965, and the fourth section dealt with the position of India of the Arab - Israeli war 1967. He pointed out that Egypt and India are two major regional states and are based on a long - standing civilization, a distinct strategic position, and the population and civilization. The Egyptian - Indian relations have not experienced any problems or tensions during their history because of the absence of geographic borders, regional competition or ideological conflict. On the contrary, relations have always improved, developed and converged views and interests at all levels. Egypt and India pursued a liberal policy aimed at freeing their countries from British hegemony. These efforts culminated in India's independence. This led Egypt to cancel its treaty with Britain and to demand that Britain withdraw from the Suez Canal. India also announced its support for Egypt, promised nationalization of the Egyptian sovereignty supplements and it is an internal issue. He also described the tripartite aggression against Egypt as an aggression against peace and a flagrant attack on the resolutions of the United Nations (General Assembly). Egypt has used its political and diplomatic relations with India to develop relations with the convergence of viewpoints in political positions in international forums. These approaches are converged through the conferences of the Non - Aligned Movement and strive to unify political efforts to make the region a permanent peace zone free of weapons and military bases. - Egypt's position on the issue of Kashmir between India and Pakistan and its neutral stance on regional and international issues from India's point of view are positive positions that push the bilateral relations between Egypt and India to the best and the best.

العلاقات الايرانية اللبنانية 1953 - 1979 == Iranian Lebanese relations 1953 - 1979

اسم المؤلف: احمد طعمة جعفر الموسوي
اسم المشرف: جميل موسى النجار
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the Iranian - Lebanese relations is considered an important topic, because Lebanon for the Iranian government is one of the most essential countries in the Middle East. Hence, good relations between these two countries through different periods of times cannot be ignored especially during the era of the Safavid state which invited Shiite scholars from Jabal Amel to support and strengthen state in Iran. The most prominent of these scholars were Sheikh Ali bin Abdul Aali al - Ameli, who died in 1533, known as the “Al - Karaki the editor”, and Sheikh Hussain bin Abdul - Samad al - Amali, who died in 1576. The children of these scholars are still living in Iran, and thus the roots of the religious relations between the two countries became a reason for the development of political, economic and cultural relations in later periods.Yet, the first action in the political relations between the two countries dates back to the period of the Lebanese President Camille Chamoun (1952/1958), who is considered the first Lebanese friend to Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza, and who is credited for setting up political relations with Iran through his government's first treaty of friendship and cooperation between the two states in 17 October 1953. After that, the relations evolved to change the title of the Iranian Commission operating in Beirut to the rank of embassy and Rahmat Atabaki became “Ambassador of Iran” instead of “Minister Plenipotentiary”, while Lebanese President Camille Chamoun paid an official visit to Iran on 17 October 1956 for the purpose of rapprochement between the two countries, especially in the issue of Baghdad Pact. These relations were reinforced by joining the American policy through the accession of Iran and Lebanon to the Eisenhower project in March 1957, until President Chamoun ordered on March 5, 1957 to upgrade the Lebanese Commission working in Iran to Embassy, for the purpose of rapprochement with Iran due to the fear of the policy of President Abdel Nasser, the enemy of the Shah’s regime at that time, as President Chamoun was reluctant to the influence of Nasser in Lebanon. As a result of Chamoun’s pro - Iranian and pro - Western policy, an internal pro - Nasser opposition emerged in Lebanon in 1958 to topple Chamoun’s government, and this let to the outbreak of the 1958 uprising which was almost able to reach its goal but the interference of the Marines plus the military and financial support provided by the Shah of Iran to Chamoun’s prevented realizing this goal, and the crises ended up by electing Major General Fuad Shehab as President of "Lebanon in 1958" as successor to President Camille Chamoun.As president Shehab became in office, the Iranian - Lebanese relations cooled due the new Lebanese government's inclination towards Egyptian policy against Iran and its allies, and because of the positions of Iranian Ambassador Ali Fattouhi in Lebanon and his statements against President Gamal Abdel Nasser which led to expelling the Iranian ambassador in Beirut by the Lebanese government, and hence Lebanon broke its relations with Iran in January 1966 for 16 month until April 1967.After the re - establishment of relations, another development took place in the course of the Iranian - Lebanese relations, and this time relating to the arrest of the former head of the Iranian Savak, General Timur Bakhtiar, whose return to Iran was demanded by Tehran government because of judicial files against him. However, the Lebanese judiciary refused to send him back to Iran, and was released from Lebanese prisons after the end of the sentence. The Iranian government announced the breaking of its relations with Lebanon on April 1, 1969, which lasted until July 16, 1971.After the re - establishment of relations, Iran exploited the sectarian religious factor in Lebanon by supporting some charitable projects for the Shiite community in Lebanon, but this work did not last long until the dispute with the presidency of the Supreme Shiite Council in Lebanon, specifically with Imam Musa al - Sadr arouse due to the presence of Mustafa Jimaran (the head of the Iranian opposition) in South Lebanon which made the Iranian government neglect the affairs of the Shiite community in Lebanon, and instead it consolidated its relations with the Christian community especially with the The Lebanese Phalanges Party (Al - Kataeb) led by Pierre Gemayel and The National Liberal Party (Ḥizb Al - Waṭaniyyīn Al - Aḥrār) led by Camille Chamoun. When the Lebanese civil war broke out the Iranian government sided with the Christian factions while the Iranian people and its religious establishments supported the Muslims through offering humanitarian aid to those affected by the civil war.Economic relations were an important aspect of the relations between the two countries. For that reason, the Iranian government held an economic treaty with Lebanon on 5 July 1956, and thus trade between the two countries increased. As for touristic relations, these were also present in the course of relations between the two countries, where a tourism treaty was signed on December 9, 1973, which led to the prosperity of the economic life of Lebanon as Lebanon depends on tourism in support of its economic budgets. In the field of cultural relations, Iran supported the cultural aspect because it viewed Lebanon as the heart of the Arab world of the cultural domain, which accelerated in the conclusion of a cultural treaty on October 17, 1956. These were the relations between the two countries at all levels during 1953 - 1979

حسن عبدالله الترابي ونشاطه السياسي والفكري في السودان حتى عام 2016 == HASSAN ABDULLAH AL - TURABI AND HIS INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN SUDAN UNTIL 2016

اسم المؤلف: فاطمه عبد السادة شنشول
اسم المشرف: قيس جواد علي الغريري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Sudan has dramatically witnessed historical events. Such events have led to the emergence of political figures who have a great influence on Sudanese arena of politics. Such figures have motivated many researchers to study them and reveal their roles in Sudanese history. One of the most influential figures in Sudanese history is Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi. He is a leader and thinker who has influenced contemporary Sudanese history. The study of the character of Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi has revealed that he is a son of a prestigious family in Sudanese society. The family is famous at knowledge and religiousness. His family descends from Wad Al - Turabi village. He is a descendant of a famous mystic religious sheikh, Hamad Al - Turabi. His father is a legal judge and the first graduate of the Supreme Scientific Institute in Omdurman in 1925. Such family especially his father has influenced and shaped his personality. He travelled abroad to pursue his study in Europe where he first took Master of Law from the University of London and then Doctorate of Law from the University of Sorbonne. With these solid academic credentials, he returned to Sudan, where he became the dean of Law College at Al - Khartoum University. However, he resigned the dean office in 1964 to start his political career. His political career started by addressing a speech in a symposium held by Khartoum University to solve the Southern Sudan issue. He participated in the October Revolution. Consequently, a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the First Democracy (1964 - 1969). Hassan Al - Turabi became the secretary general of the Islamic Charter Front and joined the Muslim Brotherhood. In 1969, Colonel Jafa'ar Al - Numeiri seized power in a coup. Al - Turabi held gradually various offices in Al - Numeiri's reign. He held the chair of a parliamentary committee to review the laws of Islamic Sharia in 1979, and then became the minister of justice and presidential consultant of foreign affairs. In 1985, an uprising broke out and consequently a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the Second Democracy (1985 - 1989).Hassan Al - Turabi founded the National Islamic Front in 1986. In 1988, he became the deputy of the prime minster and the minister of foreign affairs in Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government. Hassan Al - Turabi is considered as the planner and implementer of the 30th July coup in 1989. The coup brought Omar Hassan Al - Bashir to the power. In 1996, Hassan Al - Turabi became the chairman of the Sudanese Parliament. He founded the party of Popular Congress and became the secretary general of the party. During his political career, Hassan Al - Turabi was detained many times by Al - Numeiri's and Al - Bashir's authorities

نوبار باشا ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1895 == Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt until 1895

اسم المؤلف: لؤي جمعة فاضل
اسم المشرف: عماد نعمة العبادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After studying the personality of Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt we can say that he was considered one of the prominent figures and active and influential in the course of the events of Egypt during the nineteenth century and although it is Armenian, but his memory remained stuck in the memory of the Egyptians has launched several labels on as many as possible His name included a street in the name of Nubar Pasha in Cairo, the Nubaria region, the Nubaria canal, the Nubari plow, the Nubari cotton, the Nubari cotton, and the Egyptian father of the peasant, let alone the most influential government positions he was assigned to, which required the experience and political skill of Nubar Pasha. The names mentioned above and the positions he has assumed reflect the fact that he had an active and influential role in the modern history of Egypt. He also received the respect of the successive governments, which did not change any of the names that confirm their appreciation for his efforts in the service of Egypt. Several factors contributed to the formation of his personality, On the political performance, including He grew up in an Armenian family that had considerable experience in administrative and commercial affairs. He studied in the schools of France and Switzerland, where he learned a lot of Western culture and foreign languages. He was married to Folek Hanim, daughter of Kevork Bek, one of the most famous Armenian families in Astana, Which facilitated Nubar Pasha's many tasks entrusted to him in addition to his good relations with foreign communities and consuls of foreign countries And then included in the functions from the time of Muhammad Ali Pasha until the reign of Abbas Hilmi II All these factors helped Nubar Pasha to form a broad knowledge of the country's political conditions, which gave him the hard ground and facilitated the performance of his functions well and able Nubar Pasha was internationally recognized as a representative of Egypt in many foreign conferences and his important international negotiations, especially during the reign of Khedive Ismail. He was fluent and spoke in many foreign languages. He was able to influence those who dealt with them and the possibility of convincing them of his point of view. Extensive experience in various administrative and political affair In spite of the great political role played by Nubar Pasha, he was criticized for establishing mixed courts. However, correspondence between him and Khedive Ismail (1863 - 1879) about its establishment confirms that his negotiations with the privileged countries were based on the wishes of Khedive Ismail and his orders And his advice to reform Egypt's deteriorating judicial system. Thus, Nubar Pasha alone is not responsible for establishing mixed courts In spite of these criticisms, Nubar Pasha considered that Egypt's independence does not depend on a concession from the high door that costs the country a heavy price, but on the strength and good management of Egypt, which in his opinion is very difficult as long as there are seventeen consulates, For the power of Khadio himself, so he started to proceed Judicial reform on the basis of unity in legislation, justice and implementation to ensure the achievement of justice for all And include the Europeans and Egyptians alike and thus prevail justice and the power of Khedive Ismael and the power of consensual consuls, but his project was not achieved because of the aspirations of European countries The courts have been subjected to numerous criticisms because their laws differ from Islamic law and are used in French, English and Italian instead of Arabic, and the presence of European judges, often characterized by favoritism to their citizens, leading to dishonesty. Moreover, most Egyptians were ignorant of the laws of these courts, which left them prey to blackmailing European moneylenders. Although these courts were manifestations of foreign influence, Therefore, Nubar Pasha is considered one of the most important figures who were characterized by nostalgia for the Egyptians, compassion for them, attention to their interests, care for their affairs and guardianship of their affairs when they confronted tyranny, corruption, nepotism, forced labor, privileges, taxes and other things. I weighed on them

الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية 1926 - 1962 == The Social and Economical Situations in the Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom 1926 - 1962

اسم المؤلف: ماهر محمود صالح الجبوري
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom is considered the important part of Yemeni which lies on the northern part of it. It was occupied by the Ottmon State. Many radical events took place in the time of First World War (1914 - 1918). It supports to form a political entity. So many social and economical status (1926 - 1962) is considered the natural outcome to the political of the Emam Yahya Hameed and his successive son Al - Emam Ahmed which had great effect on the nature of the Yemeni society. The following study has concluded the following findings : • The Mutawakly kingdom has founded after the fall of the Ottman kingdom (1914 - 1918)• Economically, the area of the kingdom has characterized with a fertilizing land, having availability of grains and crops that help make strong economy.• The kingdom has relied on traditional and primitive industry such as pottery dyeing colors and textiles, leather industries and sesame oil and making mats, scooping and getting little oil - drilling depending on the foreign capitals.• The trade had been deteriorated during the area of Al - Emam Yahya due to many reasons such as lack of transportation and lack of banking transactions. • The study reveals that Al - Emam Ahmed had made many reforms in the field of economical and social life and hold many contracts with Russia and Japan and some other Arabian and European countries and some American companies for the purpose of developing economy

الاوضاع الداخلية في كركوك 1958 - 1968 == The internal situations in Kirkuk 1958 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: مريم محمود عيدان الجبوري
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Kirkuk Brigade is one of the most important Iraqi brigades, occupying an important strategic position in northern Iraq, making it a North - South link, As well as containing the black gold (oil), which is the greatest wealth in the world, in addition to the fact that the brigade is an important agricultural area, It includes a colorful social structure composed of different nationalities and spectrums of Turkmen, Arabs and Kurds, As well as the different religions and doctrines in which Muslims, Christ and Jews previously, all of them live together as brothers and lovers are linked with the bonds of friendship, marriage, love and brotherhood, All of this made the brigade of Kirkuk the focus of everyone's attention is the heart of Iraq's spring. During the period 1958 - 1968, the Kirkuk Brigade witnessed clear developments in all its political, social and economic situations, As the revolution of 14 July 1958 and the subsequent political events had a positive and negative impact on the brigade in particular, The political events and the political struggle for power that the country experienced during the study period had a negative effect on the Kirkuk Brigade. The results were clear in 1959 as the worst massacre in the history of the brigade, Moreover, the revolution of July 14, 1958 had positive effects on its behalf if the government undertook many urban projects in order to promote and raise the social, cultural and economic level of the country. The researcher reached the following conclusions : • As a result of a new republican regime, administrative changes were required, as some administrative units moved on the one hand, and new areas of the brigade were created as a result of the expansion of some administrative units and the increase in the number of its inhabitants.• The researcher realized that the powers of the military ruler were during the rule of Abdul Karim Qasim far more than the powers of the administrator and became all civil matters in his hand as well as that the local administration has become subject to his supervision, which made the military rule until 1963 when the arrival of Abdul Salam Aref to power canceled the post The military ruler and expanded the powers of the executive.• In the field of education and education in the brigade, the government took care of this aspect a lot and worked hard to raise the level of cultural and during the period of study and the opening and restoration of several schools within the Kirkuk Brigade, and encouraged the education of women and opened secondary schools for girls and received primary education luck, Primary schools in the brigade, This is due to the large numbers of people and the importance of education, As well as the availability of all educational services, including free education, which was an encouraging factors that prompted families to send their children to school, We also note that the number of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Salam Aref was less, as we compared in the preparation of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Karim Qasim, This is due to the lack of government allocations for the budget of education and directing it to another area to carry out other projects because of the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the preparation of schools.• In the health field, it has also received great attention from the government as many hospitals, health clinics and maternity and childhood centers were opened during the study period to raise the level of health in the brigade, The researcher also found that the number of hospitals has decreased during 1967, due to the cases of integration and cancellation of the hospitals in the brigade, as well as the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the number of hospitals opened in the brigade reduced the health budget and turned it into the military establishment.• The transport and communications sector witnessed a remarkable development within the Kirkuk Brigade as the government took care of it. It established a passenger transport service as a result of the increase of the population of the brigade during that period. It also opened many bridges and roads and provided all social services to cope with development and change to raise the social level.• Agriculture in Kirkuk was characterized by the development of the republican era as a result of modern irrigation projects, including the introduction of modern agricultural means, including mechanization, as well as the construction of dams and dams, which raised the agricultural reality, as well as the agricultural environment of Kirkuk helped improve the quality of production.• The industry, along with traditional industries, found other handicraft industries that led to the establishment of factories and factories that concentrated in the main cities of the brigade. This led to the development of the internal trade of the brigade. Kirkuk became the center of the brigade, a commercial center, which led to the emergence of commercial markets which diversified in diversified commodities and industrial products. What distinguishes the study period is the establishment of an industrial bank that took upon itself the financing of industrial projects, which resulted in the emergence of civil projects in Kirkuk

احمد عبد الهادي الحبوبي ونشاطه السياسي حتى عام 2003 == Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi and his political activity until 2003

اسم المؤلف: ثناء عبد الحسين جابر
اسم المشرف: عماد نعمة العبادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: History of contemporary Iraq witnessed historical events have led to the emergence of several political personalities have an impact on the change of the events which require study of these characters and see their outstanding role to their appearance in the Iraqi arena, its impact on the audiences that are the cornerstone of history, and that in itself is reason to know the characters that influenced the mass medium and the reason to make historical events over the years ago. Among the most prominent of those characters that left vast echo in Iraqi arena Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi a political activist and former Minister in the Republican era II 1963 - 1968 and is one of the most veteran figures who synchronize Iraq events since royal era until US occupation of Iraq in 2003. After studying the character of Ahmed Al Habbobi and tracing his political activity , turned out several of the following; - The family of Ahmed Al Habbobi is from the known Najaf families as the Arab character involving many men of science and literature and the clergy and was notably his uncle Said Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, and all those - prominent characters that left clear impact on his personality and influenced by national and Arab character ,regarded as prominent character for this prominent family. - City of Najaf left an impact among her sons sprit through the love of science and culture and language eloquence and eloquence of speech and Instilling in the population the love of country and defended and left national impact , including Ahmed Al Habbobi. - He Joined to the party of independence in 1946, after being briefed on his national objectives, and his admiration with Sheikh Mohamed Mahdi Kubba personality ,Independence Party Chairman who had a deep connection with his uncle Mr. Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, aware that the party objectives meet his aspirations and ambitious to achieve the national goals and the full independence of Iraq. - He shared with his colleges students in January 1948 leap and student demonstrations in 1952 and subjected to prosecution by the police and managed to disappear and he returned to Najaf city after the situation calmed . In the same year he contributed to the formation of the National Youth Bureau in Najaf with Sheik Ahmed Al Jazaeri where he is careful to his city sons in the drift of the current communist regime and worked hard to earn the national mainstream youth. - From the leading roles, most notably that were one of the reasons for the emergence of Ahmed Al Habbobi in the political arena through his leadership of the Najaf uprising in 1956 that came out after thetripartite aggression against Egypt, was an uprising in favor and supportive of Egypt and opposed to aggression. - He was one of the a participant in the Najaf delegation that celebrated 14 July revolution ,1958 and delivered a speech expressing the joy of Iraqi people who hoped that a new era in the history of modern Iraq. - After the revolution subjected to harassment and assault by communists who trespass on his office and lit it on fire after he came out in a procession to commemorate the death of Prophet Mohamed (prayer of God be upon him and his family and peace), after that he decided to leave to Saudi Arabia to avoid the arrest. - He returned to Iraq after the coup of 8 February 1963, to participate in the activities of the Socialist Arab Party after he announced his affiliation, for his ethics and his qualities which marked , add to that he nominated to the political Bureau of the Socialist Arab Party and mandated to him the work and coordination between the provinces and all lines of the party. - In 1965 had a position as Minister of municipal and Rural Affairs in the second ministry of Tahir Yahya ,where he lasted (40) days after opposing the Arab Socialist Party members on his participation in the Government, and the failure of Abdul Salam Arif with his promise to form a real national Government, he preferred to resign to maintain his status and identity.

جبل عامل في لبنان : دراسة تاريخية 1918 - 1943 == JABAL AMIL AREA In Lebanon Historical study 1918 - 1943

اسم المؤلف: لقاء سامي سعيد الكناني
اسم المشرف: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: JABAL AMIL AREA" in Lebanon ( Historical study , 1918 - 1943" JabalAmil " has been considered one of the historical cities in the Arab world in respect to political , social and economic levels . Historically , this area is linked to the modern and contemporary history of Lebanon , especially the period lying between 1918 - 1943) as being described as an important historical area in the contemporary history of Lebanon; besides , this area has submitted sublime political and intellectual figures that depicted the historical reality for all the late ages . The year 1918 has been witnessed as the French 's occupation to Lebanon and the end of the second world war having a great effect upon changing the historical conditions in JabalAmil area . The period has been ended in 1943 that being witnessed the independence of Lebanon. The thesis is divided into an introduction, and four chapters an conclusion; the chapter one includes the general conditions of the over mentioned area until the year 1918 and it has been considered as a preface for the study. The chapter two includes the political conditions in JabalAmil area during the period lying between 1918 - 1926, while the chapter third includes the role of those specializing into the political conditions during the period between 1926 - 1936. The chapter four the political developments in this area between 1936 - 1943 , along with the attitude of the political figures therein. In conclusion, the thesis has reached to historical conclusion , most importantly that the JabalAmil area is represented as a civilized area in respect to the cultural and intellectual domain and not in the stage of the study only , but rather in all historical stages . It has concluded that the concerned person refused the French occupation that was relaying on dividing Arab world since they was believing into the Arabic Unity , especially Levant. In addition, the concerned persons resisted French occupation with all means including the military and political one for their believe into the unity of Home and its independence.Most importantly of what has been mentioned above , that the concerned persons have submitted a political example having connection with the national attitudes and with national figures that imposed its status in the historical reality in JabalAmil area , most prominent figure was " Abdul Hussein Sharaf Al - Din Al - Amili and others . Besides, that any researcher writes about the history of Lebanon , he should not neglect to write about the history of JabalAmil area intellectually and politically for being described as Lebanon 's vital area and its national domain that will be remained prominent across ages.

علال الفاسي ودوره السياسي والفكري في المغرب 1956 - 1974 == Allal Al - Fassi Political and in tellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974

اسم المؤلف: وداد زايد شرهان الكعبي
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Accounted For The study of Political Figures in The history of contemporary Arab in Terest, and This Pattern of Historical research and Scruting because of Its importance in writing and documenting Various phases which played an active and influential role in charting The course of national events And nationalism in Their countries, Thus came The moratorium subject (intellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974). The study is of an introduction, Four cheptere and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with Allal al fassi҆s role till 1956. Chapler two discusses Allal al fassi҆s political role during The independence era till 1961. Chapter three sheds Light on Allal al fassi҆s role in term of the morocco an political af fairs, the constitutional conncil and 1962. Constition, in addition to the his opimons towords dall The morocco political and constitutional derelopment in The period of (1965 - 1971), chapler four talks obout Allal al fassi and the Moroccan҆s democratic constitutional experience during The years of (1972 - 1974). It bccomes well - known Allal al fassi҆s effective role he played in the Moroccan struggle for cultural and economic independence from The French colonial rule, and estubliohing Arabic as The of ficial language of education. He is also known fobeing a patriotic, poet, writer and of the most impontant politicians who fought against all the constitutions that do not serve the moroccan҆s intercsts. His role expended to in clude supporting Iraq and standing against the Arab federation of Iraq and Jordan despite being a member of Baghdad poct. He stood by The sides of The Iraq national forces against Baghdad pact He, also, supported The Palestinians issue against the Zionist entity and against establishing. The state of Israel, and continued his struggle with all the powerd wisdom and talent he got and was not hesitant to defend his conntry for the salse of Islam till his dea thin the year of 1974

الاجانب المقيمون في العراق ووضعهم القانوني ونشاطهم في العهد الملكي == Foreigners Residing in Iraq and their legal status and their Activities in the Monarchy

اسم المؤلف: دلال منال نوري
اسم المشرف: خضير حسن سلمان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Flocked to Iraq in different communities periods from severalCountries in order to residence where for one reason or another . and we have been active in those communities to work in various fields , and it became necessary to have recourse to the ruling authorities in Iraq to set up those organizing and directing their activities to serve the common good . So we chose the foreign residents subject and activity in Iraq in the monarchy first . its importance and the lack of precedent for academic studies , and secondly in order to highlight the laws and regulations that successive Iraqi government issued to achieve the rights and duties resident aliens and everything related to their field of different and activities . taking into consideration the principles of law international public and respect for the interests of Iraq . As well as the Iraqi government granted foreign residents of those rights in order to preserve the rights and interests of Iraqi nationals residing in foreign countries pursuant to the principleOf reciprocity . To handle foreign countries where Iraqis living the same treatment enjoyed by nationals .The foreigners residing in Iraq , as is the case in many countries, the rights they enjoy donated them to the Iraqi government under the laws issued by such legal personality right and the right to practice work and the right to own property and the right to establish schools and associations of foreign and freedom of worship and expression and other rights. But prevented them from the right to participate in political life and the right of military service was confined to that Iraqis only .cthe foreign influence evident in the economic side as preferred British and foreign companies foreign workers and employees on the Iraqis , raising unemployment among the Iraqi people and increased the number of foreign workers significantly , sparking resentment Iraqi workers and resentment and make them resort to labor strikes . vdila for the Iraqi government to issue countless Iraqis professions 1936 Act. In spite of the significant role played by the Council of reconstruction in the completion of many projects , but he made the implementation of those projects the monopoly of foreign companies .It is worth mentioning also that he had fled to Iraq . many foreign criminals to escape their sentences so the Iraqi government held treaties and agreements with several countries for extradition to protect the security of the state , Iraq has faced a lot of espionage crimes carried out by some foreign residents , particularly Iranians and Israelis so it was always going to the Iraqi government to issue denials and exclusion decisions against them security of the state and safety are the most important pillars of the state to maintain the strength and unity of foreigners in religious , economic , social and cultural aspects . The Iraqi government is seeking in return for reducing by issuing laws pertaining to foreigners during the monarchy in order to regulate the status of foreigners in all fields .
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