اسم المؤلف:
منذر مبدر عبد الكريم العباسي
اسم المشرف:
علي عبد الرحمن جمعة زنكنة | وسام مالك داود
المستخلص:
يواجه العالم اليوم انفجارا معرفيا ومعلوماتيا في مختلف المجالات واصبحت المعلوماتية Informative هي عملة هذا العصر وثروته ومجال استثماره واصبح يطلق على عالمنا المعاصر بالقرية الصغيرة Small Villageوعلى عصرنا بعصر العولمة Globalization. لهذا وجب على الترب | Our World of today Faces a huge Revolution of Knowledges and iformations revolution in consequence of the technological and Scientific Progress in different Fields of life " Informative" has become the most important Currency of our temporary age, and shall be rationally invested, cause our age is to be called the World of Globalization,as the World is minimized as small village for the great development in the means of Communications. Therefore, Education Sector has to re - consider,and re - viewing, it's objective goals, to rehabilitate it's essential programmes, to follow of with the rapidtechnical, scientific, developments, and to ok for new proceduers practical, and mental method of thinking,to practice the mental processes to pay high attention to the triple fields, (cognitive to familiar with scientific thinking and it's skills)psycho - motor, evolution in all eduction stages and in innovationmodren teaching methods and styles and the sentimental structure to re - built of the learner integrated personality, to achieve the functional aims of the relating learning components of the old style of keeping information by heart, or mobdizing the role of memorization in high levels of cognitive demain as it used usually in various educational stages.The problem of the recent education processes lies in the reduction of the achievement levels of 4 th Grade students of high schools in Chemistry. The reason that because of the Complicated nature of origin contains,(curriculum),as well as containing mathmeatic problem, Complicated concepts, principles, and fundamental theories in Chemistry Which faces the students approach to be realized and well understood, in accordance with well - Known Methodology (As an old methods), as concentrated only with the methods of teaching, depending only with the existing patterns and examples mentioned in the programs (curriculum), with out connecting more adequate details deals with the origin programes, or even related to previous experiences of learners, that's because the Weakness and inefficiency of the teachers from hand, and the very shortness of time allocated to teach chemistry , from the other hand.For the above mentioned reasons reflected the reduction of achievement of the students, and their dislike to understood the approach material of chemistry. Researches and studies have proved the importance of the most recent mythology in teaching to increase achievement and developing the position attitudes of students. New attitudes of Methodalogy has been appeared as Landa (Algo - Heuristic) method, has proved it's positive effect in many alternatives in direct achievement and attitudes toward chemistry. Landa Model which is used and being indepened in the fields of educational and mathmatics, But not used in the natural sciences, Specially in chemistry according to the Knowledge of the researcher, to measure the achievement and attitudes towords chemistry. Most recent studies specificaly in chemistry to discover the effective results in the field of teaching and it's influences in increasing of the study achievements as well as the positive attitudes Guided Discovery, and re - coordination and rewiewing the Algorithm according to the method of snowball. Landa Model is very suitable and incompliance will the participation of learners poitivly in process of teaching cause, the learners used their own abilites, skills, and other mental and sensonals capabilities in teaching. Accordingly, this research is aiming at the developing of the effectiveness Landa'Modekl in achievemets of the 4 th Grade students and their investigations tests of the hypotheses as following : There are no any differences significance to the real statistics in standard of (0.05) as general level of the remarks of the students (expriemental group) who are tought chemistry according to Landa model,as well as the general average of the students remark,(controlled group) who tought according to the traditional method os following : A Achievements in generally.B Algorithm (Knowledge and application).C Heuristic (in accordance with the tests of the achievements prepared by the researcher).D Attitudes to chemistry (in accordance with tests of the attitudes prepared by the researcher). The study has taken sections of groups of student,4th Grades of High school and secondary schools (Boys students) in the center area of the Governorate (Baqubah) and choosen the 2nd course of study for the academe year2003 - 2004, for chemistry for four chapters (5,6,7,8).Section (c),and section (d) were choosen randomly from section in High scool of AL - SHAREFF AL - RADI for boys, which belong to the General and pattrens Directorate of Education - Diala Governorate,as samples for research. The number of students were (70),(35) students for each section regardless the omitted students. It had been shown, the reliability of the test was found according to the method to find out the coefficient of the total test. The variance was used to test the significance of the differences among the groups in equivalence variables,for te both sections such as (AGE, Intelligence,Achievments in the tests of chemistry for the 3rd Grades of the secondry schools). Section (D) was choosen as the expiremental group who taught chemistry in accordance with Landa Model. While section (c) as aconsidered group who are taught in accordance with traditional methods. We prepared an adoption of test achievement contains of (35)Items, (33) of these itemsconsidered as an objectiveone, and the 2 items are regarded as an article one, the first (10) items type of true - false tests, (8) items completion test, (15) items of multiple - choice tests. All these triple mentioned levels of the educational scope d\of Merril classification (Knowledge, Applications and discovery). Specialist experts have investigated the difference between the essential goals and the containing forms according to specification table attached with this research. The significant difference of the item difficulties and item discrimination of the mentioned effectiveness of distraters articles and the influncy of the alternatives according to the reliability of the article items using person coefficient correlation it reaches (85%) for objections items,and (75%) for the articles items. To measure the attitudes of the students and their approach to chemistry,A(51) items of Likert Method adopted by researcher has distributed in to four dimensions as following : 1 Nature of chemistry2 Value of chemistry3 Teacher of chemistry4 Methodology and aids of teaching chemistry The face validity of the test achieved by the researcher and viewed to group of experts, investigated researcher constant validity by finding the mental - coordination and whole items totally for each item of the test (individually). The researcher has accounted his reliability of coefficient of test by using" Croumbach Alpha Equation ( )" : Reached to (89%). The experience was applied in the second course of study for the academic year.2003 - 2004, The researcher was teaching requested two groups by himself for (7)weeks (3)hours per week, total teaching hours about (20) hours according to certain plan for each group in each hour, The results and data were treated statically by using (t - Test) for independent samples, equally. The result of the study have revealed,that there is significant difference among the experienced groups,the difference was in favour of the experimental group taught chemistry according to Landa Model than the other group of the ontorolled students, who were taught chemistry in traditional methods with morally.signifcance of the attitudes and achievement in generally, as well as ,the Algorithm, acheivment,Heuristic besides attitudes against chemistry. Finally, the conclusion of the research is that, using Landa Model (Algo - Heuristic) leads to increase the attitudes and achievements of the students in chemistry. The researcher rercommended and suggested to use Landa Model in teaching chemistry for the 4th Grades students of high schools,and do more further studies for other grades of study for or other curriculum and subjects,to show the achievements aiming at using other cognitive, psycho - motor or sentimental goals.
