البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

المستخلص: The study of the devolution of power is considered one of the issues that received attention by researchers in the field of political science; for it provides knowledge of the mechanisms that the devolution of power is based on, and to have knowledge on these mechanisms it is a must to be introduced to the State for it is the basis of the political system in general, and power in particular.. In the Islamic Republic - topic of the research - the power passed in eras until it reached to the real meaning of the peaceful devolution of power after the establishment of the Islamic State , which gave birth to the Islamic Republican system.The first chapter is devoted to the concept of State and the devolution of power in Western political thought and Islamic world , in addition to the eras that the Islamic Republic passed in , and the development of the political system , and the development of the regime in Iran. And The chapter two is devoted to the study of Constitutional Movement and the establishment of the Islamic Republic , with the Constitutional Movement Iran 's first constitution was introduced , and the first representative government , but all the goals of the Constitutional Movement never realized because of the despotic power and the system of government. After that, the conflict of men of religion and intellectuals continued in calling for political ,economic and social reform , with conflict with the power and the system of authority at the time.And this conflict is ended with the establishment of the Islamic Revolution led by Imam Khomeini and men of religion who were with him , and other political currents cleared the Royal authoritarian regime and revolution resulted a unique Islamic regime, under the Constitution which is based on Islamic foundations , and with authorities that are subject to the Constitution.After the death of Imam Khomeini ; the Islamic Republic entered a new phase coupled with the arrival of former President Hashemi Rafsanjani , and the ascension of Mr. Khamenei the position Jurist Protector (Wali al - Faqih) ,a Successor of Khomeini , and in that period an Islamic trend emerged from the womb of the Islamic forces , which seized the power since the period of the post - Islamic Revolution , and this current was known as ( the Reformist trend ) and announced its political, economic, and cultural goals , and this is the third chapter tried to state which is under the title ( the Islamic Republic and the rise of the (Reformers).The Chapter four is dedicated to demonstrate the nature of the devolution of power , after the emergence of (the Reformers) and their ascension of Executive power, the conservatism current could reach to power after the decline of the Reformers , and these developments have led to the crisis which the Islamic Republic have never witnessed before since the Islamic revolution after the presidential election which was won by the conservatism current for a second term , the Conservatives continued in the power , until the eleventh presidential election , which restored the reformers to power..From this we could have a clear vision about the devolution of power between both the Reformists and Conservatives, to proceed to a future vision of what will be the future of the peaceful devolution of power in the Islamic Republic.The study included conclusions, which included the future vision inside it.

تركيا والمتغيرات الاقليمية في الشرق الاوسط : الوضع في سوريا انموذجا == Turkey And Regional Changes In The Middle East (The Situation In Syria A Model)

اسم المؤلف: باسم خميس خير الله

اسم المشرف: حسون جاسم العبيدي

الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The events atheist th of September and security concerns emerging and the repercussions of the occupation of Iraq and the emergence of the phenomenon of international terrorism and the Arab revolutions clear effects on the conditions of the geopolitical and strategic region of the Middle East , which constitute the Arab world for the most part , and Turkey is an important part of which , according to theses new to the Middle East ( new or big ) and express these visions expressed interest in the Middle East, primarily from the premises to respond to the site geopolitical imposed on Turkey's interest in infrastructure , regional surroundings as a threat to national security or economic relations with big returns for the benefit of the national or as an area vital to the movement and influence regional and international Hence , Turkey is concerned significantly and directly course of events in the Middle East in order to strengthen its position regionally and internationally. The importance of Turkey in the fact belong in that one of the tributaries different : West Oalgarh Europe , the Middle East or the Asian continent , it occupies a geographically is the connecting point between the Western and the Eastern , located within along ethnic combines them into their surroundings Ataiwrani in Central Asia and Turanism is a political movement chauvinism Turkish , originated in the late nineteenth century , and targeted unite all the people of Turkic ethnicity linguistically and culturally and politically , and the label is taken from ( Turan ), a home the old Turkish in Central Asia , has this movement attempts Turkification cultural and political in the states of the Ottoman Empire ( Hamid Hamad al - Sadoun 2003) , as well as occupy the area belong to the Middle East within the cultural and civilizational driven into the heart of Middle Eastern politics ; therefore, the concerns of the strategy extends to the three circles regional imposed by geographic location : the circle of European and circle the Middle East , including the Arab region and the Department of Central Asia and constitute all of these circles spaces for the movement of Turkey , regional and international influence and capabilities of the political , economic, military and its desire to play the role of a European Muslim Middle Eastern in that together , and it has sought Turkey to strengthen its resources both economic and military , and to intensify its political influence by asking itself as an active player in any arrangement current and future in the area Middle East Hence the modern Turkish President PW ( Trgurt Ozal 1983 - 1989 ) ( that Turkey is the most powerful country in the Middle East and is strong enough to promote your part and not the policeman of the West in the region, but is looking forward to be in the near future the fourth power in the world after United States , Germany, China is still the path that going for it until the Turkish strategic moment. The orientation Turkish to play a role in the region is not new it is a Middle Eastern country and it is difficult to manage her back to the region , but new is the extent to which steams as Turkey , which was not confined to the economic and security by but also to play an important role in the political aspects , especially with the situation strategic Turkish important in the region and is characterized by the strategic Turkish brilliantly in dealing with the Arab and Islamic countries in various ways without prejudice to its interests and its ties with the United States and the European Union on the basis that the essence of this strategy is ( to provide for the protection of players for the national interests and contribute to peace in the Middle East and the world ( Sayar beautiful 0.1995 ) and available effectiveness of those interests through the commitment of vision when the Turkish side to pursue ( pragmatism ) is as much as high flexibility and variety of options in order to accommodate what is being said of the objections of regional cross - establish a positive, cooperative as much as you can with him to find a place of excellence in the Middle East he is heading the Turkish toward the area of new arrangements for relations preceding this ensures its continuity strengthen its supreme interests the fact that the region , especially the Arab countries represent a choice of economic and trade with the positive benefits of large , including geographical proximity and open markets and sources of energy , which means moving away from looking at the Turkey that it does not show interest considerations religious and historical common and they distance themselves from being a member in the region in terms of cultural and political. Turkey has realized the need to find the right balance between national interests and of its role in the Middle East, which should be active in it. It is intended balance to formulate Turkey Khiartha to any of the issues based on the role to be played by One example of this has ranged from roles between the control ( the second Gulf War in 1991 ) and the role of entanglement full ( military action in northern Iraq against the PKK, Turkish opposition ) there are options medium located between the limitation and escalation ( its role in the Palestinian issue and the war on Iraq and the war in July 2006 ) and finally dealing pragmatic with the Arab revolutions and try to earn the parties of the new policy to its side ) and not the exception to the policies and arrangements being designed in the Middle East.