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اورام الدماغ الثانوية المنتشرة ضمن الاورام السرطانية الصلبة == Secondary brain metastasis in solid tumors

اسم المؤلف: افيل نديم كاظم
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Title : Secondary brain metastasis in solid tumors.Background : Brain metastases are among the most feared complications of cancer because they often cause profound neurologic symptoms that severely impair the quality of life. They represent a common complication, occurring in 10 - 30% of cancer patients. The prevalence of brain metastases in cancer patients has been rising over the past three decades.Aims of the study : To investigate the distributions of secondary Brain metastases and their percentage of frequency among common solid tumors and to correlate the strength of the relationship with different prognostic criteria that are obtained from common primary diseases which ended up with secondary brain metastases in Al - Amal hospital for radiation oncology and nuclear medicine .Patients and methods : Clinical data of 40 patients with brain metastatic cancers were collected and analyzed for the relationship between survival time and age, gender, primary diseases, quantity of brain metastatic foci, their position, extra cranial lesions, and therapeutic regimens used before brain metastasis detection.Results : The average female to male ratio was 3.4 : 1, with highest frequency were among patients in the 4th and 5th decades, females with breast cancer showed the highest frequency to develop brain metastases. Highest frequency was seen at 1 - 5 years after diagnosis of the primary disease. Majority of patients were treated with surgery and chemotherapy showed a high frequency for brain metastases.Conclusion : Female gender 30 - 50 years age having breast cancer, between 1 - 5 years after the diagnosis of the primary disease are at high risk for secondary brain metastases.Keywords : Secondary brain tumor, brain metastases, cerebral cancer treatment, brain neoplasm, metastasis

مصاحبة الاختلافات التشريحية للجيوب الانفية مع امراض الجيوب الانفية في المفراس الحلزوني متعدد المقاطع == Co - existence of anatomical variations of paranasal sinuses and sinonasal abnormalities on multislice computed tomography

اسم المؤلف: ميثاق محي عبد الله
اسم المشرف: عبد اللطيف علي اصغر | محمد ضياء احمد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Certain anatomic variations ( as concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation) are common in general population and are often predispose the patients to inflammatory diseases because they may obstruct the infundibulum or any part of the osteomeatal complex resulting in interference of air flow or mucociliary clearance. Computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice since the advent of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. It is now mandatory and a medicolegal requirement to evaluate the paranasal sinuses as this provide a road map with excellent details regarding anatomy, anatomical variants with type and extension of the pathology.Objectives : to identify the incidence of different types of paranasal sinus variants and their coexistence with sinonasal abnormalities by using multislice computed tomography.Patients and methods : This is a cross sectional study was done on 87 patients referred for computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses in Al - shaheed Ghazi Al.Hariri Teaching Hospital in medical city - Baghdad, from January 2013 to June 2013, patients were clinically suspected to have sinonasal diseases. The sample of this study was consist of 52 males and 35 females. The age of patients ranged from 12 - 60 years. All patients were examined by computed tomography scan of paranasal sinus protocol in axial sections with coronal reformat.Results : From 87 patients in our study, 76 patients were have diseased sinuses, we reported 5 mucosal abnormalities; mucosal thickening, opacification, air fluid level, mucosal polyp and cyst. The most commonly involved sinus was the maxillary (62 patients) followed by anterior ethmoid, and the commonest abnormality was mucosal thickening. Types of variations were seen in this study; nasal septal deviation(52.4%), concha bullosa(49%), enlarged ethmoidal bullae (15.9%), large Aggar nasi (15.9%), Haller cells(19.1%), bent uncinate process(11.4%),Onodi cells(11.4%), paradoxical middle turbinate(9.1%), maxillary sinus hypoplasia(7.9%), pneumatized crista galli(6.8%), and both pneumatized nasal septum and asymmetrical ethmoid roof were of (3.4%). the total number of patients having anatomical variants but with no associated sinonasal mucosal abnormalities were (17.1%), while (82.9%) of patients were associated with sinonasal abnormalities.Conclusion : by using multislice computed tomography we find correlation between certain anatomical variations and specific inflammatory sinonasal mucosal abnormalities due to defect in the drainage of the sinus secretions and secondary infection. Also there was another group of variants which may lead to intraoperative complications if surgery indicated.

دراسة الجهد البدني - الحسي المثار في مرضى اعتلال النخاع الناتج عن داء الفقار الرقبية == Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Study in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients

اسم المؤلف: رؤى محمد كريم
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is considered the most serious consequence of cervical spondylosis and accounts for the majority of non_traumatic paraparesis and/or quadriparesis. The electrical property of the spinal cord and its susceptibility to injuries renders electrophysiology relevant to the management of CSM. SEPs study is an objective assessment of the functional integrity of the neural pathway.With the introduction of MRI, increasing numbers of cases are identified where spondylotic changes and disc herniation reach and compress the cervical spinal cord; however, the significance of these radiological findings with respect to the development of myelopathy is unclear.It is recommended that preoperative sensory - evoked potentials may be considered for patients with CSM in whom clinical factors do not provide clear guidance and would potentially change therapeutic decisions.In this study 22 patients with CSM (11 male and 11 female) and matched with 25 subjects of the control group were enrolled. All subjects were tested with bilateral SNCV of median and sural nerves and with bilateral median and tibial SSEPs tests. Results of SSEPs studies show 19(86.36%) out of 22 patients had abnormal SSEPs study (either tibial or median or both tests abnormal), with 68.2% abnormal tibial and 63.6% abnormal median study. There was no difference between median and tibial SSEPs results in patients (P>0.05) and most of the abnormalities were bilateral and there was no difference between right and left side study of neither median nor tibial SSEPs studies (P>0.05).Median SSEPs showed that abnormality in cortical response N20 and cervical spinal potential N13 compared to control group were highly significant (P<0.0005). Also IPLs were significant regarding (N9 - N13), (N9 - N20), (P14 - N20) and (N13 - N20) with (N13 - N20) was the most significant with 63.6% right and 54.5% left side abnormality. Abnormal cortical response (P37) following tibial stimulation was highly significant compared to control group (P<0.0005) with 14 cases (63.6%) abnormal bilateral tibial SSEPs and 1 patient with unilateral right tibial SSEPs abnormality. Abnormal tibial SSEPs associated with slightly more frequent loss of components than delayed responses. IPL (LP - P37) was highly significant (P<0.0005) with 68.2% right and 63.6% left abnormal results. Patients were classified clinically according to Nurick grading system of cervical myelopathy. Four out of 8 cases with normal median SSEPs of the patients were grade - 1 Nurick, 5 out of 7 cases with normal tibial SSEPs of patients were grade - 1 and 3 out of total 22 patients had normal both median and tibial SSEPs were all grade - 1 and this suggests that normal SSEPs findings mostly correlate with mild and early myelopathy. Six out of 10 cases with abnormal both median and tibial SSEPs were grade - 1 and grade - 2(2 cases grade1 and 4cases grade - 2) and this suggests that abnormal SSEPs findings are useful in prediction the progression of myelopathy in patients with mild clinical neurological deficits in the early stages of the disease.This study concluded that both median and tibial SSEPs montages should be performed to evaluate patients with CSM as the progression of the cervical cord compression may take variable pathways. MRI and SEPs may evaluate different aspects of the disease process; therefore, SEPs study is a useful important objective assessment of the spinal cord function

دراسة فاعلية وسلامة التغيرات المختبرية ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابه لعقار الادالموماب في علاج عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصايين بمرض التهاب المفاصل الرماتويدي == Efficacy, Safety of Laboratory Changes and Predictors of Response to Adalimumab in Treatment of Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد الحسن غضبان
اسم المشرف: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in recent years have profoundly muted the destructive potential of this disease. The safety profile of methotrexate has made earlier treatment possible, and biologic therapies have opened the door to combination rather than sequential therapy, with the result that treatment recommendations now aim for disease remission Objective : To evaluate the safety and efficacy and predictors of response to Adalimumab in the treatment of rhueumatoid arthritis.Patients and methods : Open labeled single group clinical trial was conducted on patients with an established diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis who visited the Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from Oct. 2014 to March 2016 (17 months period).To be included, the patient should meet the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of RA and the revised 2010 ACR criteria and the patients should have DAS28 score greater than or equal to 3.3(moderate - severe disease acvtivity).111 patients with RA were identified. However, only 64 patients met the inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Patients were given adalimumab (40mg) subcutaneously every other week from the start of the study to its end. For each patient, baseline data were collected during the first visit and all the participants werefollowed for six months, during which each patient was seen at monthly intervals. Demographic and clinical data were collected including age, sex, smoking history, duration of disease, history of steroids , DMARDS or other biologic treatment.Results : The age ranged between 20 and 62 years. Females constituted 87.5% of the study sample with a 7 to 1 female to male ratio. Only 4.7% were current smokers.One third (34.4%) of study subjects gave a history of past use of biologic agents, Another third (31.3%) used DMARDS &steroids were used by 67.2% of study participants. 3/4 of study subjects were classified as highly active disease (DAS28>5.1), while The remainingsubjects were classified as moderate disease activity (DAS28 3.3 to 5.1). At the end of 6 months of treatment, only 20% remained in the highly active disease category. (60%) of study subjects has shifted to the moderate disease activity category. A small proportion of study subjects (12%) are now classified as low disease activity and another 8% are in remission. (73.3%) experienced a significant reduction in DAS28 score (1.2 units or more). Another 5% experienced a smaller magnitude of treatment response, which was classified as moderate improvement. The remaining 21.7% of the treated cohort showed no improvement in DAS28 score compared to its pretreatment level (<0.6 units of reduction). Male gender, steroids and DMARDS increase the chance of having favorable response to treatment and achieving low disease activity while only steroids use have this favorable effect on achieving remission as a target and no factor affect the outcome of having significant reduction in DAS28.Hemoglobin and WBC count showed a statistically significant decrease after the full six months of treatment. Hb reduced by a mean of 0.8 gm/dl and the WBC count experienced a mean reduction of 939 x 106/mm3. In addition, both serum AST and ALT showed a statistically significant increase by a mean of 6.5 and 4.4 U/L respectively after six months of treatment. The remaining renal function tests parameters showed no important or statistically significant change after the full six months of treatment.Conclusions : Adalimumab is effective and relatively safe and well tolerated in treatment of RA patients.Male gender, steroids And DMARDS increase the chance of having favorable response to treatment and achieving low disease activity while only steroids use have this favorable effect on achieving remission as a target and no factor affect the outcome of having significant reduction in DAS28

المستويات المصلية للكلكتين - 4 وللمستقبل شبيه التول - 2 في النساء المصابات باورام الثدي == SERUM LEVELS OF GALECTIN - 4 AND TOLL - LIKE RECEPTOR - 2 (TLR - 2) IN WOMEN WITH BREAST TUMOR

اسم المؤلف: هند حامد عبد العامري
اسم المشرف: عائدة رشيد منصور الدرزي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اشتملت هذه الدراسة على 30 مريضة مصابة بسرطان الثدي, وذات اعمار تتراوح مابين سبعة وعشرين سنة الى ستة وسبعين سنة, وبمتوسط عمر (11.8 50± ) سنة. وقد تم تشخيص هؤلاء المرضى سريريا وشعاعيا من قبل متخصصين, وقد كانوا من بين المرضى الذين حضروا للمركز الوطني للكشف المبكر عن الاورام - مدينة الطب /وزارة الصحة, خلال الفترة من تشرين الاول 2011 حتى شباط 2012.وتضمنت هذه الدراسة مجموعتا ضبط قياسية للمقارنة, المجموعة الاولى - مجموعة السيطرة المرضية لمريضات يعانون من ورم غدي ليفي حميد (الاورام الحميدة) وقد تم تشخيص هؤلاء المرضى ايضا سريريا وشعاعيا من قبل متخصصين, وقد كانوا من بين المرضى الذين حضروا للمركز الوطني للكشف المبكر عن الاورام - مدينة الطب /وزارة الصحة, خلال الفترة من تشرين الاول 2011 حتى شباط 2012., والمجموعة الثانية - مجموعة السيطرة الصحية والتي اشتملت على 20 امراة سليمة ظاهريا. وكشفت الدراسة عن النتائج الاتية : 1. اظهرت النتائج وجود فرق معنوي عالي جدا(P<0.001) في مستوى الكلكتين - 4 بين مرضى سرطان الثدي ومجموعة الضبط الصحية وحتى بين مجموعة السيطرة المرضية (الاورام الحميدة) ومجموعة السيطرة الصحية (P<0.001),ومع ذلك لم يكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية (P=0.92) بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة المرضية (الاورام الحميدة).لذلك لعدم وجود اختلافات ذات دلالة احصائية في القيم الوسيطية للكلكتين - 4 الموجود في المصل بين مرضى سرطان الثدي (الاورام الخبيثة) والمجموعة الضابطة (الاورام الحميدة), لذلك يمكن للمرء التعامل مع حالات اورام الثدي بشكل عام فيما يتعلق بالكلكتين - 4 الموجود في الانسان.2. ايضا هذه الدراسة اظهرت وجود فرق معنوي عالي جدا(P<0.001) في مستوى المستقبل شبيه التول - 2 بين مرضى سرطان الثدي ومجموعة الضبط الصحية وحتى بين مجموعة السيطرة المرضية (الاورام الحميدة) ومجموعة السيطرة الصحية (P<0.001) ومع ذلك لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية ذات دلالة احصائية (P=0.44) بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة المرضية (الاورام الحميدة).لذلك لعدم وجود اختلافات معنوية ذات دلالة احصائية في القيم الوسيطية للمستقبل شبيه التول - 2الموجود في المصل بين مرضى سرطان الثدي (الاورام الخبيثة) والمجموعة الضابطة (الاورام الحميدة), لذلك يمكن للمرء التعامل مع حالات اورام الثدي بشكل عام فيما يتعلق بالمستقبل شبيه التول - 2 الموجود في الانسان.3. تمت دراسة القيمة التكهنية للكلكتين - 4 المفحوص لتقييم نفاذية هذا المعامل وقد تم اثبات امتلاكه لاعلى دقة (98.8)مع حساسية 100%بقيم ثبوتية قطعية ( 0.44نانوغرام/مليليتر; ( لذلك ظهور النتائج الموجبة عند هذه القيمة الثبوتية القطعية سوف يساعد للتوصل الى تشخيص مؤكد من قبل الطبيب في العيادة مع نسبة ثقة (95.2% ( في وقت ان التشخيص الاولي للورم يساوي 50%) احتمالية قبل الاختبار ) ومع نسبة ثقة في العيادة (99.4%) في وقت التشخيص الاولي (على اساس تاريخ الحالة والفحص) للورم بنسبة احتمالية عالية (90% احتمالية قبل الاختبار(.4. تمت دراسة القيمة التكهنية للمستقبل شبيه التول - 2 المفحوص لتقييم نفاذية هذا المعامل وقد تم اثبات امتلاكه لاعلى دقة (97.5)مع حساسية 100% بقيم ثبوتية قطعية ( 0.14 نانوغرام/مليليتر; (لذلك ظهور النتائج الموجبة عند هذه القيمة الثبوتية القطعية سوف يساعد للتوصل الى تشخيص مؤكد من قبل الطبيب في العيادة مع نسبة ثقة (90.9% ( في وقت ان التشخيص الاولي للورم يساوي 50%) احتمالية قبل الاختبار) ومع نسبة ثقة في العيادة (98.9%) في وقت التشخيص الاولي (على اساس تاريخ الحالة والفحص ) للورم بنسبة احتمالية عالية (90%احتمالية قبل الاختبار(.5. اوضحت هذه الدراسة ارتفاعا ملحوظا بمتوسط تركيز الكلكتين - 4 (0.895 نانوغرام/مليليتر) بين المرضى الذين قضوا مدة طويلة بالمرض (ثلاثة اشهر فمافوق) بالمقارنة مــــع المرضى حديثي الاصابة بالمرض (اقل من ثلاثة اشهر) بتركيز وسيطي (0.552 نانوغرام/مليليتر(ومع ذلك هذا الاختلاف لم يصل الى مستوى الدلالة الاحصائية (p=0.12 ( لذلك الملاحظة الاحصائية للعلاقة الخطية بين فترة المرض وارتفاع تركيز الكلكتين - 4 تعتبر ضعيفة (r=0.268, p=0.039).6. وقد لوحظ ايضا ارتفاعا ملحوظا بمتوسط تركيز المستقبل شبيه التول - 2(0.619نانوغرام/مليليتر) بين المرضى الذين قضوا مدة طويلة بالمرض (سنة فمافوق) بالمقارنة مع المرضى حديثي الاصابة بالمرض (اقل من ثلاثة اشهر) بتركيز وسيطي (0.343 نانوغرام/مليليتر( ومع ذلك هذا الاختلاف لم يصل الى مستوى الدلالة الاحصائية (p=0.049 ( لذلك الملاحظة الاحصائية للعلاقة الخطية بين فترة المرض وارتفاع تركيز الكلكتين - 4 تعتبر ضعيفة (r=0.16, p=0.22).7. كشفت هذه الدراسة وجودعلاقة ايجابية لكن ضعيفة وعلاقة احصائية خطية غير ملاحظة بين حجم الورم وتركيزالكلكتين - 4 فمقارنة بتصنيف حجم الورم والذي صنف حسب نتائج هذه الدراسة الى فئات, كان التركيز الوسيطي للكلكتين - 4 الموجود بمصل المرضى ذوي الحجم الفئة الرابعة (اعلى حجم) اعلى بوضوح (0.895 نانوغرام/مليليتر) مقارنة مـــــع (0.567 نانوغرام/مليليتر) ذوي الحجم الاول (اقل حجم). (r=0.046, p=0.76).8. اتضح وجود علاقة ايجابية لكن ضعيفة وعلاقة احصائية خطية غير ملاحظة بين حجم الورم وتركيز المستقبل شبيه التول - 2 فمقارنة بتصنيف حجم الورم والذي صنف حسب نتائج هذه الدراسة الى فئات, كان التركيز الوسيطي للمستقبل شبيه التول - 2الموجود بمصل المرضى ذوي الحجم الفئة الرابعة (اعلى حجم) اعلى بوضوح (0. 619 نانو غرام/مليليتر) مقارنة مع (0. 288 نانوغرام / مليليتر) ذوي الحجم الاول (اقل حجم). (r=0.145, p=0.34).9. واخيرا,تبين الدراسة الحالية عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في متوسط تركيز مصل الدم الحاوي كلا من الكلكتين - 4 والمستقبل شبيه التول - 2 للمرضى المصابين بسرطان الاقنية (الموضعي) والاخرون المصابين بالسرطان الارتشاحي (p =0.12, 0.64 على التوالي.( | Thirty patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study, their ages ranged between (27 - 76) years; with the mean age was 50+ 11.8 years. Also, 30 patients with benign fibroadenoma as case control group their ages ranged between (19 - 52) years; with the mean age was 33.1+ 10.2 years. Those patients were diagnosed clinically, radiologically and cytologically and histopathologically by specialists, and they were among patients who attending the National Center For Early Detection Of Cancer - Medical City Complex / Ministry of Health, during the period from October 2011 to February 2012. Twenty apparently healthy subjects as a control group were included in the present study for comparison. Major findings of current study were the following : - 1. There was a statistical significant difference in the serum level of galectin - 4 between breast cancer patients and healthy control group (p > 0.001) and even between case control and healthy control groups (p>0.001), however , there was no statistical differences between patients and case control groups (p=0.92). Since no statistical significant differences in serum galectin - 4 median values between breast cancer patients (malignant tumors) and case control groups (benign tumors), therefore one can deal with breast tumor cases in general regarding serum galectin - 4.2. Also, The current study has been demonstrated that there was a statistical significant difference in the serum level of Toll like receptor - 2 between breast cancer patients and healthy control group (p > 0.001) and even between case control and healthy control groups (p >0.001), however, there was no statistical differences between patients and case control groups (p =0.44). Since no statistical significant differences in serum Toll like receptor - 2 median values between breast cancer patient (malignant tumors) and case control groups (benign tumors), therefore one can deal with breast tumor cases in general regarding serum Toll like receptor - 2 .3. The predictive value of the tested galectin - 4 to detect the validity of this parameter was studied since it had the highest accuracy (98.8) with sensitivity 100% within the cut off value (0.44ng/ml); therefore, testing positive at this cut - off value will establish a possible diagnosis of tumor with (95.2%) confidence in a clinical setting where the primary diagnosis of tumor had equal odds probability (50% pretest probability), and with (99.4% )confidence in a clinical setting where the primary diagnosis (based on history and examination) of tumor had a high probability (90% pretest probability).4. The predictive value of the tested Toll like receptor - 2 to detected the validity of this parameter was studied since it had the highest accuracy (97.5) with sensitivity 100% within the cut off value (0.14ng/ml); therefore, testing positive at this cut - off value will establish a possible diagnosis of tumor with (90.9%) confidence in a clinical setting where the primary diagnosis of tumor had equal odds probability (50% pretest probability), and with (98.9% )confidence in a clinical setting where the primary diagnosis (based on history and examination ) of tumor had a high probability (90% pretest probability).5. The median concentration of serum galectin - 4 was obviously higher (0.895 ng/ml) among those patients with average to long duration of disease (3months +) in comparison to those with very recent disease (> 3 months) and whose median concentration of galectin - 4 was (0.552 ng/ml). The difference observed failed to reach the level of statistical significance (p value= 0.12); however, there was a statistic significant weak positive linear correlation between disease duration and human galectin - 4 (r=0.268, p=0.039).6. The median concentration of serum Toll like receptor - 2 was obviously higher (0.619 ng/ml) among those patients with average to long duration of disease (1years +) in comparison to those with very recent disease ( > 3 months) and whose median concentration of Toll like receptor - 2 was (0.343 ng/ml). The difference observed failed to reach the level of statistical significance (p value= 0.049); however, there was a statistically non significant weak positive linear correlation between disease duration and serum Toll like receptor - 2 (r=0.16, p=0.22).7. Concerning tumor size categories, the median concentration of serum galectin - 4 was obviously higher (0. 895 ng/ ml) among those patients who were within the fourth (highest) quartile in comparison to those within the first (lowest) quartile (0 .567 ng /ml). There was a weak positive and statistically not significant linear correlation between tumor size and serum galectin - 4 concentration (r=0.046, p=0.76).8. Concerning tumor size categories, The median concentration of serum Toll like receptor - 2 was obviously higher (0.619 ng/ ml) among those patients who were within the fourth (highest) quartile in comparison to those within the first (lowest) quartile (0.288 ng /ml). There was a weak positive and statistically not significant linear correlation between tumor size and Toll like receptor - 2 concentration (r=0.145, p=0.34).9. For both (Galectin - 4 and Toll like receptor - 2) there were no statistical differences in serum median concentration between ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrative carcinoma (p =0.12, 0.64 respectively)

دراسة استعادية لنتائج تنظير القصبات والنتائج المختبرية في عينة من المرضى يعانون من نفث دموي == Bronchoscopic findings and Final diagnosis in sample of patients presented with Haemoptysis

اسم المؤلف: رعد مطر شمران
اسم المشرف: قاسم محمد سلطان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الصدرية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر نفث الدم من الاعراض المثيرة للقلق بين مرضى الجهاز التنفسي . ومع ذلك ، فانه من الاعراض غير المحددة ويمكن ان يحدث في كثير من الحالات السريرية المختلفة .ان تقشع كمية من الدم وان كانت قليلة نسبيا يمكن ان يكون مؤشرا لمرض خطير مثل سرطان القصبات الهوائية .تنظير القصبات ذي الالياف البصرية التشخيصي هو الاجراء الاستقصائي المختار الموصى به في الوقت الحالي.ان التقنيات القياسية المستخدمة عالميا في اقسام الجهاز التنفسي تشمل خزعة الشعب الهوائية ، غسل القصبات الهوائية ، غسيل الشعب الهوائية بواسطة فرشاة وغسيل الشعبة الهوائية السنخية .الهدف : اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد نتائج تنظير القصبات وانواع الامراض في عينة من المرضى يعانون من نفث الدم .المرضى والطرق : شملت هذه الدراسة مجموعة من 53 مريضا يعانون من نفث الدم خضعوا لعملية تنظير القصبات المرنة وتم ارسال العينات الى الفحوصات الخلوية ، الامراض النسيجية ، والميكروبيولوجية.جميع هذه الحالات تم تشخيصها خلال الفترة من 1 اكتوبر 2010 الى 30 يونيو 2013. تم تحليل بيانات الحالات المسجلة من ( المركز الوطني للكشف المبكر عن اورام ) خلال الفترة المذكورة احصائيا بطريقة الدراسة الاستعاديةالنتائج : تضمنت هذه الدراسة 53 مريض يعانون من نفث الدم ، وكانت اعمار المرضى المسجلين تتراوح بين 19 - 87 عاما مع متوسط عمري 56.8 ± 15 سنة. كانت نسبة الذكور الى الاناث في هذه الدراسة 1 : 2,1. لوحظ بان نتائج تنظير القصبات من المرضى الخاضعين للدراسة طبيعية في (11.3 ٪ )و افرازات دموية في ( 41.6 ٪ ) وتضيق او انسداد في القصبات الهوائية ( 22.6 ٪ ) واحتقان او التهاب في الشعب الهوائية ( 22.6٪) وكتلة في ( 20.8 ٪ ) وافرازات قيحية كثيفة في (17 ٪ ) وافة داخل الشعب الهوائية في (13.2 ٪ ) وضغط خارجي على القصبات الهوائية في (7.6 ٪ ) وافرازات مخاطية في (7.6 ٪ ) والتليف الفحمي في ( 3.8 ٪ ) وانفراج جؤجؤ الرغامي في مريض واحد ( 1.9 ٪ ).كما كانت النتائج المجهرية لمرضى نفث الدم سرطان القصبات الهوائية في ( 54.7 ٪ ) والسل في( 7.5٪ ) ، وعدوى بكتيرية في (13.2 ٪ ) والعدوى الفطرية في ( 3.77 ٪ ) وتوسع القصبات في ( 5.66 ٪ ) وعدم وجود نتائج في (15.1 ٪ ).الاستنتاج : كانت نتائج تنظير القصبات الاكثر شيوعا هي افرازات دموية وانسداد الشعب الهوائية والكتلة.كانت النتائج المختبرية الاكثر شيوعا هي الاورام الخبيثة والعدوى البكتيرية السل وتوسع القصبات والعدوى الفطرية. | Haemoptysis is considered as an alarming symptom among the respiratory patients. However, it is a non - specific symptom and can occur in many different clinical conditions. Currently, diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy is recommended as the investigative procedure of choice.Objective : To determine the prevalence of bronchoscopic findings and the types of diseases in a sample of patients presented with haemoptysis.Patients and Methods : A total of 53 patients with haemoptysis were underwent a flexible bronchoscope were targeted by this study . All of their sample were sent for cytological , histopathological, and microbiological investigations.All of these patients diagnosed during a period from 1st of October 2010 to the 30th of June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed based on the data of the ( National Centre of early detection of Tumors)Results : A fifty three patients with hemoptysis were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 56.8±15.7 years and the range was 19 - 87 years. Male to female ratio in this study was 2.1 : 1.The bronchscopic findings of studied patients were bloody discharge in (41.6%) , bronchial narrowing and\or obstruction in (22.6%) , bronchial congestion and\or inflammation in (22.6%) , mass in (20.8%) , thick purulent discharge in (17%) , endo - bronchial growth in (13.2%) , normal in (11.3%), external compression of bronchus in (7.6%) , mucous discharge in (7.6%) , anthrocho fibrosis in (3.8%) and splaying of carina in one (1.9%) .Microscopic findings for hemoptysis patients revealed CA bronchus in (54.7%), no findings in (15.1%), bacterial infection in (13.2%), TB in (7.5%), bronchiectasis in (5.66%) , and fungal infection in (3.77%). Conclusion : The commonest bronchoscopic findings were bloody discharge, bronchial obstruction, and mass.The most common laboratory findings were malignancy, bacterial infection, TB, bronchiectasis, and fungal infection.

LEFT VENTICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION BY TISSUE DOPPLER IN PATIENT WITH TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS

اسم المؤلف: HAMZA O.JELED
اسم المشرف: علي محمد حسين ال ياسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Cardiovascular complications of diabetes are the main cause of mortality & morbidity in diabetic population. Asymptomatic Left venticular dysfunction is a common problem in this type of patients and require specific evaluation. Objectives : This study is designed to determine the frequency of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes using conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging, and to evaluate the effect of different factors on this frequency. Methods : This study is a cross sectional study. It included 50 type 2 diabetics with negative cardiac history and 50 age and sex matched healthy control individuals. The sample of this study had been randomly selected from the patients attending the out patients clinic or admitted to the medical wards of Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from the 1st of January, 2012 to the 30th of June, 2012. Conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging had been performed on each patient. Results : This study revealed that diastolic dysfunction present in 16 patients (32% of the sample). Furthermore, none of the 3 patients who were younger than 40 year - old had diastolic dysfunction, compared to 7 out of 11 patients aging 60 year or older. It had been found that 11 out of 31 male patients and 5 out of 19 female patients had diastolic dysfunction, comprising 68.75% and 31.25% of those with diastolic dysfunction respectively. About 68.75% of the sample had diabetes for 5 years or more. this study showed that 13 out of 16 diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction had un controlled diabetes in form of HbA1c level of 7% or more with a mean HbA1c level of 8.2+2.4%,compared to a mean of about 6.8+3.1% which had been observed in the group of diabetics with normal diastolic function this study showed that none of the 2 patients who were average in their weight had abnormal diastolic function ,compared to 2 out of 3 patients who had morbid obesity it had been found that the mean body mass index was 29.7+2.4 kg /m in the group of patients with diastolic dysfunction while it was 26.2+3.1 kg/m in the group of patients with normal diastolic function. Conclusion : Diastolic dysfunction is relatively frequent problem in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics. There is direct relationship between the age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c level and body mass index and the risk of having diastolic dysfunction

التغيب المرضي بين العمال في الشركة العامة للصناعات القطنية، بغداد، العراق 2013 == Sickness Absenteeism Among the Workers of State Company of Cotton Industries, Baghdad, Iraq - 3102

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن عمران ضاحي
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم الديوان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الوبائيات التطبيقية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : In Iraq, several workers pay attention to sickness absence.However, in the 1990s, the manufacturing sector had been severely hurt by the UN sanctions and has shrunk considerably as a result. Widespread violence and civil war affect Iraqi industry, research, administration of industry and medical services. Therefore, this work was carried out to throw a light on sickness absence in State Company for cotton industries in Baghdad.Methods : A total 200 workers was included in this study. They were selected randomly (systemic random sample). The sample size was determined by the time spent to review one record. Review of worker’s records in the administrative department in the state company for cotton industries during the years 2008 to 2012. A cross - sectional study is carried out. Documents of sickness absence in the administrative records from 1st Jan to 31 Dec each year were reviewed. Chi square was used to examine the association of sickness absence (dependent variable) with age, sex, duration of job and education (independent variables). Regression was used to study the trend of sickness absence during the studied years. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.Result : The rate of sickness absence was 81%. No significant difference in sickness absence between male and female workers. Age, education and duration of employment had no significant effect on sickness absence.Sickness absence was increasing with years. Production was not affected by sickness absence.Conclusion : surprisingly high rate of sickness absence was noticed with no effect of sex, age, education and duration of employment on sickness absence which in turn had no effect on production

Role of serum erythropoietin level in patients with absolute erythrocytosis

اسم المؤلف: حامد دخيل الله حبيب
اسم المشرف: Salim R. Hamudi
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الدم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية : ان زيادة الكريات الحمر المطلقة تشير الى الزيادة المطلقة في كتلة كريات الدم الحمر في كل الجسم ,والتي تظهر عادة على شكل زيادة في تركيز خضاب الدم (الهيموغلوبين) مع \او زيادة الكريات الحمر المضغوطة .الارثروبويتين هو عامل النمو الاساسي للكريات الحمر ويعتبر عاملا ضروريا لنمو الكريات الحمر البدائية الى كريات ناضجة .ان مستوى الارثروبويتين يعطي مؤشرا عن نوع المرض وعن الفحوصات المختبرية اللازمة لتاكيد سبب المرض .ان سبب زيادة الكريات الحمر المطلقة يمكن ان يكون اولي (وجود مشكلة داخل نخاع العظم ,كثرة الكريات الحمر الحقيقية ) او يكون سببا ثانويا حيث يكون السبب خارج نخاع العظم ويؤدي الى زيادة تكوين الكريات الحمر. وفي حالات معينة ,لا يتم معرفة العامل المسبب للمرض (زيادة الكريات الحمر مجهولة السبب) .الهدف من الدراسة : اعدت هذه الدراسة لغرض تحديد العلامات المختبرية والعامة للانواع الثلاثة لزيادة الكريات الحمر المطلقة ,وكذلك معرفة اهمية مستوى الارثروبويتين في الدم في تحديد السبب الحقيقي لزيادة الكريات الحمرالمطلقة بالاضافة الى معرفة الفرق في مستوى الارثروبويتين قبل وبعد العلاج .المرضى ,المواد وطريقة العمل : في هذه الدراسة ,تم تقييم (82) مريضا مصابا بزيادة الكريات الحمر المطلقة (47 مريضا بكثرة الكريات الحمر الحقيقية ,20 مريضا بسبب ثانوي و15 مريضا مجهولي السبب).قام المرضى بمراجعة مركز امراض الدم في مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي من شهر ايلول 2012 الى شباط 2013 .تم اختيار المرضى بشكل عشوائي بالنسبة للعمر والجنس .تضمنت الدراسة (65 ذكرا و17 انثى) تراوحت اعمارهم بين 19 - 77 سنة.المستوى المعتمد لكريات الحمر المظغوطة هو اكثر او يساوي 52% او نسبة الهيموغلوبين اكثر من 18.5 غم\دل للذكور واكثر او يساوي 48% واكثر من 16.5 غم\دل.تم اجراء الفحوصات التالية لكل المرضى : فحص الدم الكامل بواسطة الجهاز الوتوماتيكي ,فلم الدم وقياس مستوى الارثروبويتين في الدم .تم فحص نخاع العظم لبعض الحالات التي تستدعي ذلك .النتائج : ان معدل الكريات الحمر المظغوطة للعينة المدروسة 55.96% وان معدل الارثروبويتين في الدم 23.41 .ان نسبة الذكور الى الاناث هي3.82 : 1 .الاعراض الرئيسية هي الصداع 91.36% ,نسبة المدخنين 56.09% ,نسبة تضخم الطحال 62.96% ,وقد تبين وجود اختلاف من الناحية الاحصائية بين الانواع الثلاثة بالنسبة ل(العمر ,الهيموغلوبين ,الكريات الحمر المظغوطة ,الكريات البيض الصفيحات الدموية ,الارثروبويتين وفلم الدم) .اضافة الى الاختلاف الاحصائي بين الحالات المعالجة وغير المعالجة للمرضى المصابين بزيادة الكريات الحمر الاولي .ان مستوى الارثروبويتين المحدد للمرضى المصابين هو 4.9 للعينة المدروسة .الاستنتاج : 1. هناك اختلاف احصائي واضح بين الانواع الثلاثة بالنسبة الى (العمر ,تضخم الطحال ,الهيموغلوبين ,كريات الحمر المظغوطة ,الكريات البيض ,الصفائح ,الارثروبويتين ,فلم الدم ونخاع العظم ) .2. ان نسبة الارثروبويتين في الدم تعتبر عاملا مهما وفحصا بسيطا لتحديد العامل المسبب لارتفاع نسبة الكريات الحمر المظغوطة .3. هناك اختلاف احصائي واضح بين الحالات المعالجة وغير المعالجة بالنسبة لمعدل الكريات الحمر المظغوطة والارثروبويتين . | Background : The true polycythaemia (Absolute erythrocytosis) refers to an absolute increase in total body red cell mass, which usually manifests itself as a raised hemoglobin concentration and /or packed cell volume. Erythropoietin (Epo) is a hemopoietic growth factor that is essential in terminal maturation of erythrocyte precursor to mature erythrocytes. The Epo level provides some guidance as to the direction in which to proceed and the order and the extent of investigation necessary in an individual patient. Causes of an absolute erythrocytosis can be primary where there is an intrinsic problem in the bone marrow, called polycythemia rubra vera, and secondary where there an event outside the bone marrow driving erythropoiesis. Patients who cannot be assigned to either polycythemia rubra vera or secondary polycythemia are grouped together under the category of idiopathic erythrocytosis. Aim of study : This study was done to identify the hematological parameters of absolute erythrocytosis and to determine the role of the serum Epo level in the diagnosis of absolute erythrocytosis and erythropoietin significance in pre and post treated PRV.Patients, material and method : This study had evaluated 82 patients with absolute erythrocytosis (47 PRV, 20 SPC and 15 with IP) were referred to the national Center of hematology in AL - Mustansiria from September 2012 to Fabruary 2013. The patients were selected according to sequential visit to the center regarding age and gender. The study included 65 male and 17 female, with age range from 19 to 77 years. Criteria of patient inclusion are packed cell volume ≥ 52% and/or hemoglobin more than 18.5 g/dl for male and packed cell volume ≥ 48% and/or hemoglobin more than 16.5 g/dl for female were considered. Complete blood count, blood film and serum Epo were done for all patients, while bone marrow examinations were done only to the indicated patients.Results : Mean packed cell volume of the studied samples is 55.96 % and mean serum erythropoietin level is 23.41mIU/l. The male to female ratio of is 3.82 : 1. Main complaints of the patients are headache found in 91.36% and history of smoking in 56.09 %. Splenomegaly present in 62.96% with significant difference among three groups of polycythemia. There is a statistically significant difference among three groups regarding age, packed cell volume ,WBC count, platelets count, hemoglobin level, serum erythopoeitin level and blood film findings of myeloproliferative disorder. There is a statistical significance in mean of erythropoietin between treated and untreated cases of polycythemia rubra vera and proper cutoff point of serum erythropoietin level to be used for differentiation is near the 4.9 mIU/L. Conclusions : • There was a significant difference among three groups of patients with AE regarding (age, splenomegaly, PCV level, platelet count, Hb level, blood film findings, BM and Epolevel).• The serum erythropoietin level was a simple, cheap and reliable test for diagnosis and differentiation between absolute erythrocytosis causes.• There was a significant difference between treated and untreated cases of polycythemia rubra vera regarding packed cell volume and serum erythrop

دراسة الفطريات المسببة التهابات الجروح بين المرضى العراقيين في مدينة بغداد == Mycological study of wound infections among Iraqi patients in Baghdad city

اسم المؤلف: انعام خليفة جاسم سلمان
اسم المشرف: جاسم محمد كرحوت | توفيق وليد توفيق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Two hundred fifty swabs were collected from patients admitted to Burn Unit , Surgical and Plastic Surgery at Burn Specialist Hospital ,Al - Kindy Teaching Hospital , Al - Wasety Specialized Hospital , Sheik Zaed Emergency Hospital and Baghdad Teaching Hospital and they divided in to 150 swabs from burned patients and 100 swabs from other types of infected wounds ( surgical ,fractures ,car accident , gun shot and other types of trauma) during the period from November 2011 till October 2012 . The handling and diagnoses of these swabs were carried out at Teaching Laboratories ,Central Health Laboratory and Ibn - Albalady Hospital.Three major types of wounds were seen including burn , surgical and different kinds of trauma . All isolates obtained in this study identified depending on the microscopical appearance ,colonial morphology of fungi and by using RapID™ Yeast Plus System and with some other tests ,the confirmation of these results was done by using Vitek 2 Compact System.Burn wounds were having the largest number (60%) of studied wound infections and in positive fungal cultures 92(61.33 % of total burn wound), there was 89 isolates(49.17%)of yeasts out of the total fungal isolates which isolated from all kinds of wounds 181isolates , 14 isolates(7.7%)of mold out of the total fungal isolates , the most common fungal pathogen isolated from burn wound was Candida spp. 49 isolates (27%) followed by Cryptococcus spp. 24 isolates(13.25%)and Aspergillus spp. 9 isolates(4.97%).The incidence of wound infections was high in burn patients, and dry heat 133(88.6) was the most common causes of burn wounds , burn wound was higher in females 122(81.33%) than males 28(18.66%), females were admitted to burn hospital with a history of attempted suicide 30(96.8%) moreSummaryIIthan males 1(3.2%) , and there was a significant difference between them ,the difference was also significant in the prevalence of wound infections among males and females , burn injuries occurred in relation to age represented a higher percentage (60.6%) among ages (20 - 29) years old , while the lowest occurrence (33.3%) in ages less than one year , fungal burn infections represented a (100%) in ages less than one year , while (33.3%) was seen in ages between (1 - 9) years old burned patients .The largest number of burn patients was 39(26%)with TBSA(30 - 39%) , the TBSA>30% was mostly infected with fungal elements(82%) ,and reach 10 fungal isolations(100%) with TBSA more than 70 % TBSA. Mortality rate in positive fungal infections was with TBSA 30 - 39 %(50%) and reach (100%) in 50 - 59 % TBSA . Infections was higher in burned patients 31(33.7%) in the second week post injury and the lower incidence in the fourth week 5(5.4%) ,the number of single isolates was 59(32.6%)and mixed isolates 46(25.4%) .While other wounds showed positive fungal cultures 75 ( 75%) , as 62 (34.25%) isolates of them were yeasts from all kinds of wounds 181isolates , and 14 (7.73%) isolates of them were mold , the most common fungal pathogen isolated from these wound was Candida spp. 40 isolates (22.09%) followed by Cryptococcus spp. 9 isolates(4.97%) and Aspergillus spp. 7 isolates(3.86%).In other wounds the infection rate was higher in males 66(66%) than females 34 ( 34% ) , as there was a significant difference between males and females in relation to age when represent a high percentage seen among age group( 1 - 9) years old ( 20 % ) , while the lowest percentage ( 3 % ) was seen in age group less than 1year , the fungal infections occurred in relation to age represent a high percentage (100%) in patients less than one year and in ageSummaryIIIgroup ( 60 - 69) years old , while the lowest infection rate (33.3%) was seen in ages between (20 - 29) years old in patients suffering from other wounds.A high percentage of patients showed infection in the second week post injury 17 ( 23 % ) and the lowest percentage of infection seen in other wounds 2 patients ( 2.7 % ) was in the fourth and eight weeks after injury ,the number of single isolates was 56(30.9%)and mixed isolates 20(11.0%) .Sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method ,six antifungal discs were used ( Amphotericin - B , Nystatin , Clotremazole , Ketoconazole , Fluconazole and Flucytosine ) , in this study Amphotericin - B was the most antifungal effective against most fungal isolates while , Fluconazole and Flucytosine were the less effective against these isolates

البروتين الرابط للرتينول4 ونسبتة للرتينول الحرفي مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني البدناء == Serum retinol binding protein 4 and its ratio to serum retinol in obese type 2 diabetic patients

اسم المؤلف: انس هاشم صادق الحسيني
اسم المشرف: عمر فاروق عبد الرشيد | محمود شاكر خضير
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, the chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long - term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system.Objective : To study the relationship between retinol binding protein - 4 (RBP - 4) / retinol ratio with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Subjects and methods : A case - control study was performed at Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Al - Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq from March 2012 to June 2012. Forty five patients and thirty four healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The patients and controls were taken with cluster random sampling method. The present study includes measurements of hbA1c levels by ion - exchange HPLC method. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood urea and serum creatinine levels were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Fasting serum insulin, retinol binding protein - 4 ( RBP - 4), retinol levels were measured by enzyme - linked immune sorbent assay in 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean ± SE,MEAN AGE = 52.14 ± 1.01 years).The results were compared with 34 aged matched apparently healthy control subjects (mean age 48.79 ± 1.17 years) divided according to body mass index (BMI) into two groups : 1. Controls with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 : normal control group (n = 9, mean age = 49.22 ± 1.88 years).2. Controls with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 : obese control group (n = 25, mean age = 48.38 ± 1.45 years) .Results : The results showed significant elevation in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, serum triglyceride TG, serum very low density lipoprotein VLDL, atherogenic index of plasma AIP, fasting insulin resistance index, fasting glucose insulin ratio, Homeostatic model assessment of β - cells (β - cells function) HOMA - β and serum retinol binding protein 4 in the diabetic patients as compared with both control subjects.High density lipoprotein HDL, insulin and Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HOMA - IR presented significant increase in T2DM when compared to normal control group but not significant difference when compared to obeseInsulin levels and insulin resistance expressed in HOMA - IR showed significant elevation in T2DM as compared to normal control group but not significant when compared to obese control group.Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein showed no significant difference between patients and both control groups.Insulin sensitivity index ISI was significantly decreased in T2DM patients as compared to both control groups.Conclusion : It was concluded that serum retinol / retinol binding protein 4 ratio may be considered as indication

الخلع الجزئي الحاملي - المحوري عند عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي == Atlanto - Axial Subluxation In A Sample Of Iraqi Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: اوس خلف جلوب
اسم المشرف: ميس رياض البير
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

دقة التشخيص من نقاط الفارادو في التهاب الزائدة الدودية الحاد == Diagnostic Accuracy of Alvarado Score in Acute Appendicitis

اسم المؤلف: اياد غازي مصلح
اسم المشرف: حارث الخطيب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الجراحة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير معامل كتلة الجسم على معلمات دراسة التوصيل العصبي للعصبين الوسطي والزندي لدى الاشحاص الاصحاء == Effect Of Body Mass Index On Nerve Conduction Study Parameters Of Median And Ulnar Nerves In Apparently Healthy Subjects

اسم المؤلف: هبة حسن بشير النعيمي
اسم المشرف: عفراء محمد الامين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير اوميغا 3 على دهون وسكرية الدم في مرضى السكري نوع 2 == Effect Of Omega - 3 On Lipid Profile And Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetic Patients

اسم المؤلف: عمر عبد الاله فاضل
اسم المشرف: وحدة بشير اليوزبكي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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دور مضادات الاكسدة في علاج تصلب الاعصاب المتعدد == The Role Of Antioxidants In The Management Of Multiple Sclerosis

اسم المؤلف: مينا احمد محمد وحيد
اسم المشرف: وحدة بشير اليوزبكي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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دور فيتامين ب 12 وبعض المتغيرات الفسلجية في المرضى المصابين بضعف السمع == The Role Of Vitamin B12 And Other Physiological Parameters In Hearing Impairment

اسم المؤلف: علياء فاروق صنع الله العمري
اسم المشرف: فضيلة شهوان الدوسكي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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تكرار التشوه الانثنائي في المرضى المصابين بسوفان مفصل الركبة == Frequency Of Flexion Deformity In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

اسم المؤلف: ريان محمد مرعي الطائي
اسم المشرف: وميض رمزي العمري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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دور الالدستيرون والاندوثيلين - 1 في مقدمة الارتعاج == The Roles Of Aldosterone & Endothelin - 1 In Preeclampsia

اسم المؤلف: شيماء عبد الهادي جاسم
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود سليمان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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تاثير موانع الحمل الهرمونية على بعض معايير تخثر الدم == Effect Of Hormonal Contraceptives On Some Coagulation Parameters

اسم المؤلف: محمد جاسم محمد العبيدي
اسم المشرف: وحدة بشير اليوزبكي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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تاثير الاملوديبين ? كانديسارتان ومزيجهما في الاصابة بنقص التروية الدماغية واعادة الارواء في الجرذان == Effect Of Amlodipine, Candesartan And Their Combination In Rat Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion I/R Injury

اسم المؤلف: زهراء كاظم الحسني
اسم المشرف: نجاح رايش هادي الموسوي | وضاح محبوبة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
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