اسم المؤلف:
لقاء صادق علي
اسم المشرف:
سراب خليل حميد العزاوي
المستخلص:
بدا في الاونة الاخيرة اعتبار الطريقة التواصلية لتدريس اللغه الانكليزية كلغة اجنبية او لغه ثانية من اكثر اساليب التدريس فاعلية واوسعها انتشارا. تؤكد احدث طرق التدريس وتقنياته على اهمية استخدام هذه الطريقة في وضع احدث المقررات الدراسية والمواد التعليمية. ان اساليب التدريس والانظمة الرسمية التي تعنى بتدريس اللغة في العراق لا تختلف عما هو سائد في اماكن اخرى من العالم , ذللك بانها بدات باتباع الطريقة التواصلية في تدريس اللغة , التي يعد فيها المتعلم ركيزة مهمة واساسية. وكنتيجة لذلك فقد اخذت الطريقة التواصلية لتدريس اللغة طريقها في العراق , من خلال اعداد مقرر دراسي جديد لتدريس اللغة الانكليزية ''Iraq Opportunities'' .شرعت الدراسة الحالية ببحث هذا الموضوع عن طريق تحديدها للمفردات النحوية لمنهاج "Iraq Opportunities" والقيام بتقييم تجريبي للتطور الحاصل في اداء المتعلمين لهذه المفردات بعد اكمالهم لفصل دراسي منه. ولادراك الهدفين اعلاه, فقد وضعت فرضيتان : 1. ان المكونات النحوية لمنهاج "Iraq Opportunities " مقدمة باسلوب تواصلي .2. ان مثل هذا التقديم يسهم في تطوير الكفاءة النحوية لمتعلمي هذا المنهاج. ولهذا الغرض, وتبعا لاختبار استطلاعي, تم اختيارعينة عشوائية من ثلاثين طالبة لكل من المراحل الثانية والثالثة والرابعة من مدرسة ثانوية دجلة للبنات \ محافظة بغداد ليشكلوا عينة الاختبار النهائي الخاص بالدراسة بالاضافة الى تحديد اختبار ذو فرضين : الاول هو فرض التمييز والثاني يتعلق بالمهارات اللغوية الكتابية. تكونت اساليب جمع المعلومات المستخدمة من اسلوب تمييز الخطا واسلوب تمييز الخطا مع التصحيح, بحيث يكون البحث مقطعيا مستعرضا . ولغرض تحليل النتائج تم استخدام ثلاث وسائل احصائية هي : الاختبار التائي , anova ,chi - sequare حيث ساعدت في عرض وتفسير نتائج الاختباربنسخه الثلاثة وايضا في المقارنة بين فرضي الاختبار. 23تم الاعتماد على كتاب Leech and Svartvik's A Communicative Grammar of English (1994) وBrown's Approach (1987) لتحليل المفردات النحوية وتصنيف الاجابات الخاطئة للعينة, كل بحسب مصدره الممكن على التوالي. تبعا للنتائج, تم التوصل الى استنتاجين رئيسيين قدما بدورهما دليلا واضحا يعزز ويؤكد صحة الفرضية الاولى ويدحض الفرضية الثانية للدراسة, وكما يلي : 1. ان المفردات النحوية للمنهاج مقدمة بحسب الطريقة التواصلية لتدريس اللغة.2. عدم وجود تطور في اداء متعلمي المنهاج فيما يخص جوانبه النحوية. ان تحليل البيانات قد افضى الى نتائج اخرى, من ابرزها : ا) ان الاداء العام للعينة كان جيدا بالرغم من عدم وجود تطورفي ادائهم من مرحلة لاخرى بالنسبة للمفردات النحوية.ب) اظهرت نتائج الاختبار ان القدرة الاستيعابية للعينة افضل بكثير من قدرتهم الخاصة بالمهارات اللغوية الكتابية حيث ان ادائهم في فرض التمييز كان افضل بكثير من ادائهم في فرض المهارات اللغوية الكتابية. ج) ان مصدر ( Intralingual) قد حقق النسبة الاعلى من بين مصادرالاخطاء الثلاثة الاخرى. | Today, communicative language teaching (CLT) is viewed as the most effective and widely used approach in EFL/ESL teaching. The most modern methods and techniques emphasize it in designing language textbooks and teaching materials. In Iraq, the modalities and approaches regarding teaching the foreign language are not different from the current and widely used language teaching approaches elsewhere in following the same approach, with the learner at the centre. As a result, CLT has got its share in the EFL teaching process through the new English language teaching textbooks, namely ''Iraq Opportunities''. However, to exist is something, and to succeed is another. Thus, how far this communicative component has been successful in presenting the grammatical aspects if the language is yet to be seen. The present study undertakes to tackle this topic by identifying the grammatical components of the course of ''Iraq Opportunities'' and empirically exploring and assessing the developmental performance of the learners in these components after going through nearly all the course of their study. To achieve these aims, the following two hypotheses are posited : 1. the grammatical components of the course of Iraq Opportunities are communicatively presented; and that 2. such presentation develops the learners' grammatical competence of this course. In order to investigate the aforementioned hypotheses, following a pilot test, a random sample of thirty students in each of the second, third and fourth grades in Dejla secondary school in Baghdad Governorate areviiiix chosen as subjects for the research, and a two - task test, recognition and production, is designed. The elicitation techniques used are : error recognition and recognition and correction. With these two techniques the research is carried out cross - sectionally. For the analysis of results, relevant statistical techniques, namely, t - test, Anova, and Chi - squared, are used. Leech and Svartvic's ''A Communicative Grammar of English'' (1994) and Brown's model of error analysis (1987) have been followed for the analysis of the grammatical components, and the classification of the subjects' erroneous responses in terms of their possible sources respectively. The analysis has come up with two main conclusions that are found to offer significant statistical evidence validating the first hypothesis and refuting the second one. These are : 1. the grammar in ''Iraq Opportunities'' is communicatively presented. And, that there is2. no significant development in the learners' performance concerning the grammatical aspects of the course. Analysis of the data has yielded other results, some of which are : a) subjects performed well in the test in spite of the fact that they show no significant development in their performance from one grade to another. b) results of the test show that the subjects' receptive knowledge is better than their productive knowledge as they prove to show better performance in the recognition task than their performance in the production one. c) the intralingual source of errors is found to be the highest one among the other three sources.
اسم المؤلف:
ثائر احمد حسون العمار
اسم المشرف:
فهيمة كريم رزيج المشهداني
المستخلص:
Iraq has been subjected to cases of devastating terrorism, especially after the American invasion in 9/4/2003, coupled with the collapse in political power and stopping the rule of law and the prevalence of chaos and decay in all systems. All this led to the entry into force of the terrorist organizations in the country and infiltration within some quarters of the community of groups corrupt and adopted by these networks and worked to organize and use it to hit the political system, social and even religious arguments and claims has not been the reality of rational any link and worked on targeting social components and tearing the social fabric and national cohesion, as well as to recruit suicide bombers from various Arab countries to implement their plans sordid inside Iraq, where targeted lives of individuals and their daily activities in the aspects of all in different levels, and this risk is reflected clearly to the fact that the perpetrators of these acts are not repeating any attention to the size of innocent lives that are lost, in addition to the amount of funds that destroy, as it terrorist attacks increased and the diversity of those car bombs to improvised explosive devices and explosive belts down to the assassinations, which affected the various security agencies, and competencies of doctors, professors and scientists manner weapons Occlusive, and after it was all legal studies and criminal policies are moving towards one end of the parties to the crime, a criminal.Today the researcher finds essential examining ways important event of criminal and successor event not i.e. (the victim) a result of increased terrorist operations in Iraq, and the martyrs and the disabled they leave, as well as the families of the victimized of women and children, and therefore based our study on welfare that offer them care is social development in any country serves as a safety valve for all segments of society and working to cover the needs of the hundreds of thousands. The fact that the care is a right guaranteed by the Constitution to all members of society in times peace and war and in different circumstances where it is one of the clamps of life in contemporary society, especially after the escalation of terrorist acts where the damage crime more virulent and more impact on individuals, and here shows the journal Social Welfare and clear to cover these needs providing material aid and moral and caring for victims and their families to relieve them, and stand on their needs. The issue of social welfare in Iraq now presents itself in the following circumstances more than ever before and became a concern of citizens in terms of the efficiency of the fact that all members of society are at risk because they are victims of any time, any place in the school and at work, in the street and even at home as a result wave of extremism and blind terrorism that hit all spectrums of the people and work to inflame sectarian strife among its members for a period is considerable, and therefore, the need is urgent and necessary to study the forms and types and methods of social care provided to victims of terrorism. In order to comprehend the themes of thesis we divided this study into two main sections : Theoretical and field sections. Section deals with the theoretical four chapters are : First Chapter I : Contains two sections. The first section deals with the problem of the study and the importance and objective, while the second part deals with the identification of concepts and terminology for the study. The second chapter : contains two sections. The first section two previous studies (Iraqi, Arab, foreign), while the second part contains the theory in the interpretation of social care for the victims of terrorism. The third chapter : contains two sections. The first topic the historic introduction to the social care across time in the evolution of religions, and the second section has dealt with models of social welfare globally, regionally and finally valuable Iraq. The fourth Chapter was in two sections : the two first topic : dealing with international variables and terrorism in the world, with particular reference to Iraq, and the second topic : addressing social legislation for victims of terrorism in Iraq.As for the door field has included three chapters : Chapter V : who dealt with the researcher first : the curriculum, and secondly : study tools, and thirdly : Tab field data, IV : hypotheses, and V : Fields of study, and VI : statistic Means.Chapter VI : includes the preliminary data on the respondents.Chapter VII : includes the basic data on the victims themselves and care - governmental organizations and the role of civil society and civil in the care of the victims of terrorism as well as the role of government institutions in the provision of care.The study concluded with a summary of this thesis, as well as the findings and recommendations with a comprehensive view of the supplements for the study.
