اسم المؤلف:
طارق رشيد خميس حرامي الكرخي
اسم المشرف:
عبد الستار حامد عبد الرحمن الدباغ
المستخلص:
We have traced the subject of "pledge of allegiance" in the Islamic thought, and tackled in details for the theologians and Moslem philosopher. Also, we traced the social contract for most important western philosophers who have clear touches in thatconcern, and we concluded the following : 1. the Moslem theories , especially the theologians, were restricted to reaching to a connection between making the political contract and signing it on social basis, but also the aim was finding authority that protect man and maintain his possessions in return everybody should weave his rights in the Islamic society after the era of message and companions.2. the Moslem philosophy have put important procedures in the field of linking the political authority and human society, launching from the fact that man is social being i.e.he is social in nature and just cannot live without the help of others to live and add freedom. However, all these theories remained in progress and have not seen light ofapplication; once they applied they would have drawn newlife to society.3. The Western theories, represented in the most remarkablethree thinkers Jacque Jean Russo, John Luke and Hopistake the social contract as basis to establish the state in freeagreement between individuals.4. Russo depended on his theory on the basis that the contractwas made on a contract named the First Contract whenpeople where in "natural state". When they moved to thestate of society, the contract was made between them andthose representing him. Their will met in a person who wasthe representative of general will i.e.'the sum of all wills. Inthat weave of all rights, the sum is authority that has theright to putting the ruler aside whenever they desired.5. While the theory of John Luke was based on the fact thatpeople in the natural state need are free and happy in theirfreedom, because they behave freely whenever they desire.However, when there were taboos for them whether they donot want or cannot do, their interests were conflicted andthey needed contracting to maintain the right of each for theaggressions and violence of others.6. For Hopis, he depicted society as huge entity thatterminates all. those conflicting with it, and that state isrepresented in the King whom Hopis granted all thevalidities and made him do whatsoever. That king is notresponsible before people, but he is charged before Godonly. He did not leave to people the right to disobey theKing unless when the matter relates to life, whenever kingspassed that right, people have the right to revolt and rise up.While the rest rights, as far Hopis is concerned, have beensubmitted to the king by people, under the plea of divineauthority theory.7. Not all Islamic theories that have been applied on Earthapproaches the theory of "Social Contract" whether thedocument called "the Paper of Madina" posed by theProphet (Peace be on him), which has been the base of thestate on one hand and a social contract on the other of firstrank. That the society was governed by traditions andconventions that the Prophet did not attempt to revoke buthe maintained them, and also maintained the rights of Jewsas well as Moslems. Had the Islamic nation returned to thepure fountains of message era, they would have witnessedthe Prophet (Peace on him) was not only pretending but inreality with social root, that made loyalty is for doctrine andnot for tribe and blood shedding, however the polytheist aretheir kinships. Thus, Islamic state in'the era of the Prophetwas prosperous state in which you can be proud. Herecommended all the occupied in the field of Islamicthought to concentrate their work on the state of Prophet,because the more researcher searches, the more things hewould discover as it has been a divine state not secular one.God best knows the souls His creatures that He does notpose a thing not suited them. If nature, as the Westernphilosophers claim, as chaotic and scattered, then God hasarranged it and made it subject to rules.8. Also, I invite the researchers to trace the doubts thataroused against the issue of the state of Prophet (Peace onHim) and - try to refute them. The more we moved awayfrom our great tradition, we have do not have but resortingto almighty God. As Omar (God be Blessed with him) said"we are a nation whom God graced with Islam, if we askedfrom other than God we will be humiliated". Now, we arein lowness for being away from the essence of our greatreligion. We ask God to inspire us to the right way andreturn us to the road or rightful ness from the dark tunnel weare in.Finally, thanks for almighty God the creature of the universe andpeace be upon his prophet Mohammed and his sacred family andcompanions. -
