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مدينة ريدان : دراسة تاريخية في احوالها العامة == A Historical Study of The Public Affairs In The City of Raydan

اسم المؤلف: سلامة عبد الرضا حسين
اسم المشرف: ايمان شمخي جابر المرعي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Kings , nobles and tribes of old Yemen looked upon the famous city of Raydan as very important and they struggled for a long time to be kings of Saba and owners of Raydan. Accordingly , who could control that land and had the two titles would have very great power. Yemeni researchers who tackled the subject of Raydan were not so specializedand they did not talk about the ancient Raydan because it was originaly part of the old strong kingdom of Saba and had alliance and treaties with the Sabaeen. It was also noticed that this city had tow names : Raydan and Dhafar like , for example , Sanaa ( another Yemeni city ) which was also called Azal.Raydan had an important strategic and economic location because it controlled the most important trade routes and ports ; the most active among which were those on the eastern coast of the Red Sea.Consequently , it was the focus of greed and struggle among internal and external powers to control its territories and get its economic resources. Raydan was also agriculturally distinguished by its gradated plains like hanging gardens.The researcher chose this subject because of the importance of the city in the past and the little study about it and to show its role among other ancient cities , to highlight the stages through which it changed its boarders according to its changing political power , and finally to identify the origin of the name Raydan.The study is made up of four chapters with two sections for each one ( except the third chapter which contains three sections ). In chapter one ( Geographical - Historical Approach ) , the first section deals with the geography of Raydan as far as its name , location and neighbouring cities are concerned. It also describes the nature and location of Raydan in relation to Yemen. Its geographical relief was made of mountains , and valleys. Its climate was that of the whole region. Section tow deals with the history of political history and role in the Sabaa - Hemyar struggle that started at the beginning of the first century when Raydan was weak and divided.Chapter two is devoted to the social affairs in Raydan. The first section ( Social and Administrative Affairs ) is about the population in the old Yemeni society which consisted of the tribes that constituted the people. Besides , the society was divided into two classes : The higher and the lower and the other categories were all between those two.The section also discussed Al - Athwa' and Al - Aqyal within the administrative system of the Yemeni society because it was a social status as well. Section tow sheds light on the structure of the family in old Yemen concerning issues of marriage , divorce , children , the house , furniture , ornamentation , habits and customs including greeting ,hospitality , names , circumcision , medication by plants , crying and lamentation and interest in sorcery and tomb building.Chapter three ( Economic Affairs ) consists of three sections. Section one ( Trade ) discusses land and sea trade routes , the most important old ports , exports and imports , and taxes in Raydan. Section two ( Agriculture ) talks about crops and animals. Section three (Industry ) talks about industries of minerals , textile and some other ones.In chapter four ( Religion ) , section one ( Paganism ) talks bout worship of natural phenomena and of idols.Section two ( Monotheism ) talks about doctrine of monotheism , Judaism and Christianity.The most important conclusions of the study are : 1. Raydan ( Dhafar ) witnessed a struggle between the Raydanian and Al - Ahbash. That struggle was not religious as some tried to show. Rather , it was economic and political in the first place.It was provocated by Bezentia that supported Al - Ahbash to save its economic interests in the area and to maintain its influence and control over the trade route that led to India through the Red Sea (Galzam ).2. Raydan was the first Yemeni city that witnessed massacre of the Christians because it was the centre of Christianity. Christians of Yemen were not the only who were killed and tortured in Yemen.All foreign Christians were also killed and tortured. Due to that , the Christians stood beside Thi Nawas and supported him in his position as a sign to express their nationality.3. All those events led to the fall of state of Hemyar and destruction of Raydan by Al - Ahbash who made use of the weakness and conflicts in the country of the independence of every prince in his area to gain his personal interests , and of the weakness of the central power and the economic detorieration that inflicted the state at the end of the fifth century because of the political disputes and the foreign intervention by Al - hbash and the Bezentians in all affairs of the country.
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الحياة الاقتصادية في عمان قبل الاسلام : دراسة تاريخية == The Economic Life In Oman Before Islam Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: وسام خليل ابراهيم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historical studies specially on the Arabs before Islam is of a paramount importance in the history of nations in terms of knowing the history of those nations in various aspects.For the importance of the study of the history of Oman which extends int
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المرويات الشيعية في دراسة تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام حتى نهاية القرن التاسع الهجري == Shiite Narratives in Studying the History of the Pre - Islamic Arabs Till the End of the Ninth Century AH

اسم المؤلف: عـلاء حـسـن عـلـوان المحمداوي
اسم المشرف: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Shiites were interested early in the heritage of the Imams of the prophet Mohammed's House PBUH , and what was raised in the fields of human knowledge, their writings came to include multiple aspects of knowledge, and those aspects of attention to history in all stages, whether it preceded them or those who experienced it, so it became a huge heritage, but unfortunately the paths of the ruling power at that time were against this important scientific heritage and among which that included in the information of this heritage, is the history of the Arabs before Islam according to a vision reflected by the thought of the Imams of the prophet Mohammed's House, or those who adopted their blogging knowledge. This is why my study is entitled (Shiite Narratives in Studying the History of the Pre - Islamic Arabs Till the End of the Ninth Century AH) according to a knowledge - based proposition that do not often go along with what is mentioned by the other sources because of the different structural visions of the formulation of the historical narrative, in addition, it was not preceded by a study entitled this trend, to be the first pioneer of study the history of the Arabs before Islam through Shiite narratives till the end of the ninth century AH.In my study I tried to study the origins of things before Islam and their impact in the Arab society then, so that the movement can be understood before and after Islam. In my research, I rely on a relationship - related approach in the conclusion. Due to the study capacity and multiple joints, it was necessary to divide it into only five chapters and they are : The first chapter dealt with the study of the social aspect where two subjects were included the first dealt with moral values with a sacred foundation such as generosity, covenant, hospitality and neighborhood, and the second topic, we dealt with genealogy with ideological dimension such as Arab and Hashemite descent, Persian , Nabataean and other descents. In the second chapter, we devoted it to study the religious aspect , it included a prelude to the religious names of Arabs before Islam with three sections, the first topic dealt with religious beliefs Such as monotheism, Prophet hood, reanimation and resurrection. The second topic dealt with the practices of the Arabs before Islam such as prayer, fasting and others .The third topic dealt with religions and worship such as monotheism, Magician and Judaism, Christianity and its Sabean religion and idolatry worshiping Hubbal, Allat, Aluzza, Assaf and Naelah.Chapter three deals with the political aspect of the Arabs before Islam and has been divided into two sections , the first topic came under the title of influences in the political event such as the impact of the future news in the political event, and the impact of the geographical location of the political event. The second topic deals with the tribal leadership and prescriptions and the leader and the position of the Arabs to combine the two leaderships.Chapter four is devoted to study the economic aspect and it was divided into three sections , the first section dealt with agricultural activity, the second dealt with the commercial activity and the third section dealt with industrial activity. The fifth chapter was devoted to study the scientific aspect of pre - Islam Arabs and it was divided into two sections : the first one is entitled the title of science with the otherworldly dimension, such as poetry, magic and priests.The second section is entitled sciences with applied dimension such as medicine, veterinary medicine, singing, music and others