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وسيلة لاستراتيجية الاندماج الامثل في انظمة متعددة المقاييس الحيوية == An Approach to Optimal Fusion Strategy in Multibiometric Systems

اسم المؤلف: نورة عمران علكم
اسم المشرف: عامر صديق الملاح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Identification system has been widely covered by many researchers using different methods to reach to the desired goal with the best and accurate method. Most Identification systems which depend on a Single biometric have many restrictions such as noisy information, non universality, spoof attack and inadmissible rate of error. These restrictions will be solved by deploying multimodal biometric systems that has been proposed in this thesis. The multimodal biometric systems utilize two or more individual modalities, such as Fingerprint, Iris, Retina and Face. In this thesis , two biometrics, Fingerprint and Iris, are used as multibiometrics. The system consists of three main parts : First is Identification by fingerprint , the second is Identification by the iris, the third is the Fusion between the fingerprint and iris in one of the levels. A matching score and decision levels has been selected in this thesis .Wavelet packets transform is used to reduce the image size without losing the important information and two activation function wavelet networks as a features extractor and for fusion, score level and decision level are employed after biometric results for each trait founded separately. The fingerprint and iris images that are used for testing the system have been obtained from the from CASIA website and palacky university for (35) person which consist of (350) images, (175) fingerprint images and (175) iris images. The Error rate is shown by the results after testing the system is 8.6%. Two researches are published from this thesis that titled (Fingerprint and Iris Fusion for Identification),(Iris Identification Using Two Activation Function Wavelet Networks).

تقييم دوال الفوضى الاحادية البعد في تشفير اشارة الكلام == Evaluation of One - Dimensional Chaotic Maps in Speech Encryption

اسم المؤلف: نورا زيدان خلف
اسم المشرف: سعد نجم باشخ السعد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تستخدم عدة انواع من الدوال الفوضى في تشفيرالمعلومات بدلا من التشفر التقليدي لامتلاكها ميزات مهمه.في هذه الرسالة تم تقييم ستة انواع من دوال الفوضى. ودوال الفوضى هي logistic map, tent map, circle map, Bernoulli map, ICMIC map وdyadic map.وتضمنت الرسالة : - اختبار توحيد العشوائية لجميع المتسلسلات المتولدة من دوال الفوضى. - تحويل المتسلسلات من النظام العشري الى نظام الثنائي باستخدام CCCBG(Cross Coupled Chaotic Bit Generation). - اختبار المتسلسلات الثنائية الناتجة باستخدام خمسة عشر اختبار صادره من المعهد التقني للمعايير والتكنولجيه NIST)).نتائج الاختبار لستة دوال الفوضى تشير ان logistic map, tent map, circle map, Bernoulli mapو map ICMIC نجحت خلال الاختبار بينما dyadic map لم تنجح. من خلال اختبار توحيد اظهرت النتائج ان tent map, circle mapو Bernoulli map هي موحدة بينما logistic map, ICMIC map وdyadic map غير موحده .تم تنفيذ الخوارزمية لتشفير الكلام باستخدام كل سلسله متولدة من دوال الفوضى. الخوارزمية المقترحة استخدمت سلسلة الدوال كمفتاح. تم الاستعانه بخمس انواع من المقاييس لتنفيذها على الكلام المشفرومقارنته مع الكلام الصريح. ان نظام التشفير يوفر كلام مشفر مع نسبة وضوح قليلة جدا, عندما استخدام دوال التي تمتلك العشوائية (نسبة الاشارة الى الضوضاء SNR ونسبة الاشارة الى الضوضاء المقطعي SNRseg ونسبة الاشارة الى الضوضاء المقطعي الطيفي SSNRseg تصل الى 28 - وقيمة معامل الارتباط تقترب من الصفر), بينما عندما استخدام الدوال التي لاتمتلك العشوائية (نسبة الاشارة الى الضوضاء SNR ونسبة الاشارة الى الضوضاء المقطعي SNRseg ونسبة الاشارة الى الضوضاء المقطعي الطيفي SSNRseg تصل الى 23 - وقيمة معامل الارتباط تقترب من الصفر) . نتائج الاختبار تشير ان العشوائية ليس لها تاثير على التشفير. نفذ العمل العملي لهذه الرسالة بلغة البرمجة الماتلاب. | Several types of chaotic maps have been used broadly in media encryption rather than the traditional encryption because of the important features the chaotic maps have. In the present thesis, an evaluation process has been done for six types of chaotic maps. The chaotic maps used are logistic map, tent map, circle map, Bernoulli map, ICMIC (Iterative Chaotic Map with Infinite Collapses) map and dyadic map. The sequences generated from each chaotic map are tested for uniformity and randomness. The relation between randomness, uniformity and highly security are studied. The fifteen tests of NIST (National Institute Standards and Technology) are implemented in binary randomness test while CCCBG (Cross Coupled Chaotic Bit Generation) is chosen for converting real numbers to binary. The results of testing six chaotic maps indicate that the logistic, circle, tent, ICMIC and Bernoulli are passed through NITS tests while dyadic is not. Circle map, tent map and Bernoulli map are a uniform distribution while Logistic map, ICMIC map and dyadic map are not uniform. Also, each sequence generated from the chaotic maps has been used for speech encryption. A proposed algorithm is proposed and implemented for this task using the chaotic sequences as a key. The encrypted speech is tested using five types of measurements. The results indicate that the encryption system provides encryption speech signal of very low residual intelligibility, when used chaotic have randomness (SNRseg and SSNRseg are very low up to - 28 and correlation closed to zero), while when used chaotic map do not have randomness (SNRseg and SSNRseg are very low up to - 23 and correlation closed to zero). The results show that the randomness does not have effect on speech encryption. The practical work of the thesis is implemented in Matlab programming language

نظام الوقت الحقيقي للتعرف على لوحة ترخيص المركبات العراقية لتتبعها == Real Time System to Recognition of Iraqi License Plate for Vehicle Tracking

اسم المؤلف: عماد محمد عبود
اسم المشرف: بشار مكي نعمة العيساوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: النمو السريع للسكان واحتياجات الانسان لاستخدام المركبات اخذ يزداد في الوقت الحالي. مراقبة هذة المركبات من الناحية الامنية ومن وجهة النظر المرورية تعد مشكلة كبيرة يجب ان يفكر الباحثين في حلها من خلال الاستغلال الامثل للتطور التكنولوجي السريع في مجال معالجة الصور لغرض التعرف على لوحة ترخيص المركبات. الكشف التلقائي عن لوحة المركبة والتعرف عليها يعد مفتاح التقنية التي تعتمد عليها معظم تطبيقات مديريات المرور, مثل البحث عن السيارات المسروقة, مراقبة حركة المرور على الطريق, رصد سيارة محددة, التعرف التلقائي على مالك المركبة وبعض المعلومات عن المركبة, مراقبة وقوف السيارات, مراقبة عبور الحدود, مراقبة دخول الحدود, الحد الاقصى للسرعة وغيرها من التطبيقات الامنية.تهدف رسالة الماجستير هذه الى بناء وتطوير نظام مقترح للتعرف على لوحات ترخيص السيارات العراقية, والتي تعتمد على تقنيات معالجة الصور ووتميز الانماط، وكذلك يحقق النظام المقترح منظومة تتبع امني من خلال بناء منظومة تحديد المواقع الجغرافية (GPS) , يقوم نظام تحديد المواقع المقترح بقراءة واستقبال الاشارات والمعلومات من الاقمار الاصطناعية المتوفرة ضمن منطقة تواجد الكاميرات الملحقة مع النظام بالاعتماد على جهاز GPS.تم استخدام تقنيات التعرف البصري (OCR) او الـ (Optical Character Recognition) لتميز رقم المركبة من صورة اللوحة ليتم استخدام ذلك الرقم وتدقيقه في قاعدة بيانات المركبات المطلوبة. خصائص لوحة المركبات العراقية الحديثة التي يشيع تسميتها ب (الالماني) درست في هذا العمل، وتم بذل جهد كبير ومعقد لتحديد الخصائص الفنية والعتبة المناسبة لتلك اللوحات. في هذا العمل (217) صورة اخذت ضمن ظروف بيئية مختلفة (نهار - ليل - ظل - غبار) وغيرها تم التطرق اليها في البحث.في هذه الرسالة تم اضافة انجازا مهما لمواجهة مشكلة الوقت الحقيقي وكيفية التقاط الصورة للمركبة في الوقت المناسب، ذلك الانجاز كان باستخدام تقنية ال(Embedded system) بالاعتماد على (ARDUINO Microcontroller .النتائج والاختبارات للنظام المقترح بكافة تفاصيله ومراحله نوقشت بعمق واظهرت النتائج نسب عالية للتمييز والتتبع وصلت الى (85%) لمرحلة تحديد اللوحة و(94%) لمرحلة استخراج الاحرف والتميز بطريقة العزوم المقترحة كانت (92%) مع التدريب و(78%) بدون تدريب ، الطريقة الثانية للتميز MCA كانت (89%) مع التنحيف و(74%) بدون التنحيف. نسبة السيارات التي تم تميزها بصورة صحيحة في النظام المقترح بلغت (80%)، ونفذ النظام المقترح خلال وقت قياسي يحقق اهداف انظمة الوقت الحقيقي بمعدل (3) ثانية لكافة مراحل النظام المقترح. | Rapid population growth and human needs for the use of vehicles increasingly at the present time. Monitoring of these vehicles from a security standpoint and from the point of view of traffic is a big problem that must be solved by researchers, through optimal use of rapid technological development in the field of image processing and computer vision for the purpose of recognizing the license plate(LP) of vehicles. The auto - detection of the LP and its recognition is the key technical, which most applications traffic directorates rely on it such as searching for stolen vehicles, monitor the traffic on the road, vehicle - specific monitoring, and automatic identification of the owner of the vehicle and some information about the vehicle, parking control, control of the border crossing, the border control entry, the speed limit and other security applications. This work aims at developing recognize Iraqi vehicle LP system, which relies on image processing and pattern recognition technology ,it also achieves a tracking system security based on a geographical positioning system (GPS); The proposed tracking system reads and receives signals and information from satellites which are available within the interested area based on GPS devices. The technology of Optical Character Recognition(OCR) has been used to recognize the identity of LP from LP image so as to use identity to audited in vehicles required database. The characteristics of the recent Iraqi vehicles LP that are commonly called (German) version studied in this work, and then determine technical prosperities and thresholds for this LP. In this work a (217) image was taken under different environmental conditions ; during the day and night and with the existence of shadow and dust and others conditions have been addressed in the research. In this thesis added an important achievement has been worked out to face real - time problem and to capture the image of the vehicle in the appropriate time ; That achievement includes using an embedded system based on ARDUINO Microcontroller.The results and the tests of all the details of the proposed system and the stages were discussed in depth and the results showed high accuracy of recognition and the tracking reached (85%) of localization stage, (94%) of the segmentation stage and the recognition stage by using moments were (92%) with training and (78%) without training. The second method of recognition is MCA achieved (89%) with thinning and (74%) without thinning. Ratio of vehicles that have been correctly recognition them by the LPR proposed system were (80%). The proposed system was implemented in a real time, which achieve the objectives of real - time systems at the average (3) second of all stages of the proposed LPR system.

طريقه هجينه بالاعتماد على مقطع العين الاساسيه لتحديد الشخص من خلال الوجه == Hybrid Approach Based on Master Eye Block for Face Identification

اسم المؤلف: سمر اميل يوسف
اسم المشرف: ضياء عبد الحسين جمعة الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

مصنف رسائل البريد الالكتروني غير المرغوب بها باعتماد طريقة نيف بيزين == A Spam Email Classifier Based on Naive Bayesian Appr

اسم المؤلف: سعدية فهد جبار
اسم المشرف: مها ادهم البياتي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: من المعروف ان البريد الالكتروني غدا مهما للعديد من اشكال التواصل الجماعي الذي شاع استخدامه من قبل الملايين من الناس, الافراد, والمؤسسات. في الوقت ذاته, فانه اصبح يشكل مصدرا للتهديدات. احد اكثر هذه التهديدات شيوعا تلك المعروفة بـ "رسالة الدعاية" او ما يسمى بـ "بريد الدعايات الغير مرغوب به" او "البريد الدعائي". ومع السباق غير المتوقف لمنشئ البريد الدعائي مع مطوري المرشحات لهذا البريد, يضل هذا البريد اخذا بالتغيير والتطور بشكل مستمر ما يجعله مشكلة خطيرة على الانترنت وتهديدا يصعب اكتشافه.يقدم هذا العمل اقتراحا لمنهج في تصنيف البريد الدعائي يعتمد اسلوب "التعلم الخاضع للاشراف". يعرض العمل مصنف Naive Bayesian (NB) قادر على تعريف رسالة البريد الالكتروني فيما اذا كانت رسالة دعاية ام رسالة شرعية مستندا بذلك على محتوى هذه الرسالة ( بمعنى اخر متن الرسالة). يتم تمثيل كل بريد الكتروني كـ "حقيبة للكلمات" (الخصائص) المكونة لمتن الرسالة في ذلك البريد. ولمواكبة اخر ما طور منشئ الرسالة الدعائية من التقنيات, كانت الحاجة الى اعتماد مجموعة بيانات لرسائل البريد الالكتروني متينة ومحدثة وهي مجموعة CSDMC2010 لرسائل الدعاية (والمحدثة مؤخرا في 2014) والتي تضم عددا من ملفات “.eml” لرسائل البريد الالكتروني الخام. لتحقيق اداء افضل, فقد تم استكمال بيئة NB بقائمة من 149 خاصية تم اقتراحها لتضم تلك الخصائص المستخدمة عموما من اغلب رسائل البريد الدعائية.تم تدريب مصنف NB المقترح على مجموعة من 3800 رسالة بريد الكترونية واختباره على مجموعة من 500 رسالة اخرى . بعض الاعدادات كانت ضرورية للشطب من المحتويات العاطلة في متن الرسالة ليتم بذلك الابقاء فقط على تلك التي تساعد في الوجيه لتصنيف كفؤ. تم تطبيق طريقة "حقيبة الكلمات" لانتزاع الخصائص لكل من رسائل البريد قيد التطبيق وانتاج رسائل يكون كل منها عبارة عن قائمة من الخصائص. لتقليص حجم الفضاء لتلك الخصائص, فقد تم اختبار كل من طريقتي IG وWF من طرق "اختيار الخصائص" وبشكل واعد على رسائل البريد في مرحلتي الدريب والاختبار.تم اجراء عدة تجارب لتقييم اداء المصنف المقترح وذلك باعتماد بعض المعايير, ولتحري تاثير حجم فضاء الخصائص على نسبة التصنيف فقد تم اعتماد ثلاثة نسب من الفضاء الكلي للخصائص : 25% , 50% , و75%. اظهرت النتائج بان نسبة 75% وباستخدام طريقة IG سجلت اقصاها من نسبة تصنيف وهي 91%. تم اجراء عدة تجارب لتقييم اداء المصنف المقترح ولتحري تاثير حجم فضاء الخصائص على نسبة التصنيف. ولتتبع الحالات التي صنفت خطا مع خوارزية NB تم اقتراح بعض الاحصائيات الخاصة (Extension of Naïve Bayesian ). اظهرت النتائج التجريبية بان هذا المد رفع دقة التصنيف الى100% . | Email is obviously important for many types of group communication that has become most widely used by millions of people, individuals and organizations. At the same time it has become a prone to threats. The most popular such threats what is called a spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email or junk email. With the non - stopping race of spammers against relative filter developers, spam have been continually changing over time, hence become serious problem on the internet and increasingly difficult threat to detect. This work proposes a spam classification approach using a supervised learning. It presents a Naive Bayesian (NB) classifier capable of identifying email messages as being spam or legitimate, based on the content of these messages (i.e. body). Each email is represented as a bag of its body’s words (features). To catch up with the spammers latest techniques, a robust, yet up - to - date dataset CSDMC2010 spam corpus (last updated 2014) : a set of “.eml” files of raw email messages. To best perform, NB’s environment was integrated with a list of 149 features (words and symbols) proposed to include those commonly used by most spam emails. The proposed NB classifier was trained on a set of 3800 email messages and tested on a set of 500 emails additional ones, also . Certain preprocessing was needed to drop out any redundant data, hence keeping those only parts of an email body that give useful information which helps guiding efficient classification. Bag of words method of feature construction was applied individually on emails under consideration, to produce each email as a list of features. To further reduce dimensionality of the feature space, information gain (IG) and word frequency (WF) methods of feature selection were rewardingly tested against these emails. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed classifier, on the bases of certain criteria, and to investigate the impact the size of feature space on the classification rate. Three proportions of the total feature space were considered : 25%, 50%, and 75%. Results have shown that, a proportion of 75%, using IG method, scored the most of 91%. To tolerate left over of misclassification by NB algorithm, certain statistics were suggested to extend NB algorithm with. Experimental results showed that this extension has lifted up accuracy to 100%.

تصميم وتطبيق نظام قواعد بيانات موزعة لادارة المعلومات الصحية وبناء نظام لاستيراد البيانات == Design and implementation of distributed databases system for management health information And build a system to import data

اسم المؤلف: محمد قاسم ياسين
اسم المشرف: طالب عبد الصمد عبيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استدعت زيادة المعلومات في المجالات الحياتية كافة الحاجة الى استخدام الادارة الالكترونية وتحويل جميع المعلومات الورقية الى معلومات محوسبة تمتاز بسهولة استرجاعها والاستفادة منها في عمليات اتخاذ القرار. نحتاج للاستفادة من المعلومات المحوسبة في اي مكان وزمان الى طريقة تمكننا من ترتيبها وفهرستها. ظهرت مجموعة من التقنيات لخزن المعلومات المحوسبة واسترجاع منها نظم الملفات ونتيجة التطور الحاصل في معدات الحاسوب والبرمجيات ظهرت انظمة ادارة قواعد البيانات المركزية، وانظمة قواعد البيانات الموزعة واحتلت الاخيرة اغلب تطبيقات قواعد البيانات لما تقدمه من تقنيات مختلفة في تخصيص البيانات والاستفاده منها في اماكن مختلفة. تعد الصحة الالكترونية احد انماط الادارة الالكترونية والسجلات الصحية الالكترونية احدى اشكال الصحة الالكترونية التي تعتمد عليها عملية تقديم الرعاية الصحية داخل القطاع الصحي. تم في النظام المقترح تصميم وتطبيق قواعد بيانات موزعة لغرض ادارة معلومات المراجعين المرضى خلال زياراتهم للدوائر الصحية (المراكز الصحية والمستشفيات)، من خلال استخدام تقنيات التجزئة والتكرار في توزيع البيانات بما يحقق استقلالية وسيطرة للوصول للبيانات.احتوى النظام قاعدة بيانات للمراكز الصحية (وتجزئتها وتكرارها حسب قطاعات المناطق) وقاعدة بيانات للمستشفيات يرتبطان معا لتكامل البيانات وجعل كافة المعلومات امام المستخدم.يكون الوصول الى البيانات من خلال الشبكة المحلية او من خلال الانترنيت باستخدام نظام اسماء النطاقات الديناميكية (DDNS) Dynamic Domains Name System او الرقم العام Public - IP.بسبب الحاجة الى الاستفادة من البيانات المتواجدة في الانظمة القديمة والتي تختلف في نظام الادارة او هيكل البيانات, تم بناء برنامج تطبيقي لنقل البيانات بين قواعد البيانات المتماثلة وغير المتماثلة على حد سواء. يحتوي البرنامج التطبيقي على مجموعة من اجراءات المعالجة تستخدم لنقل البيانات من قاعدة بيانات الى اخرى قد تختلف في نظام ادارة قاعدة البيانات او هيكل الجداول او الانواع البيانية للحقول وامتاز نظام ادارة معلومات المرضى على الامكانيات الاتية : - السماح بعمليات الاضافة والحذف والتعديل والبحث. - متابعة اماكن تواجد المريض من لحظة دخوله الى المستشفى حتى خروجه. - امكانية الوصول الى البيانات من خلال الشبكة المحلية او من خلال الانترنيت. - امكانية تصدير معلومات مراجعة المريض الى ملف اكسل. - متابعة انتشار الامراض خلال فترات من الزمن من خلال مخططات البيانات Data Charts. - استخدام بريد الكتروني داخلي بين المستخدمين. - استيراد البيانات من قواعد بيانات مختلفة بنظام ادارة قاعدة البيانات او الهيكل البياني والتنظيمي للجداول. - احتوائه على قسم خاص لاضافة الصلاحيات للمستخدمين بالاعتماد على الوظائف المخوله لهم. - تنبيه مدير النظام ان هناك محاولات للوصول الى النظام برمز مرور خاطئ

معادلة تجريبية لتخمين سرعة ترسيب الجسيمات لجو مدينة بغداد == EMPIRICAL RELATION TO ESTIMATE PARTICLE DEPOSITION VELOCITY OVER BAGHDAD CITY

اسم المؤلف: هبة سعد حسن
اسم المشرف: منعم حكيم خلف الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو انشاء وتصميم نموذج رياضي لحساب سرعة ترسيب الجسيمات فوق مدينة بغداد وبستخدام قياسات لسرعة الرياح ودرجة الحرارة بالقرب من سطح الارض وعلى ارتفاع 20 متر. لقد بينت النتائج ان سرعة الترسيب تتناسب طرديا مع انصاف اقطار الجسيمات الكبيرة والتي هي اكبر من 1.5 مايكرومتر بسبب تاثير الجاذبية عليها, اما بالنسبة للجسيمات الصغيرة التي اقطارها اقل من 0.1 مايكرومتر تتناسب سرعة ترسيبها عكسيا مع انصاف اقطار هذه الجسيمات لكون تاثير الجاذبية عليها معدوم. اما بالنسبة للجسيمات التي تترواح انصاف اقطارها من 0.1 الى 1.5 مايكرومتر يحصل فيها ثبوت بسبب الوصول الى السرعة الحدية. وكذالك يمكن ان نستنتج ان اعلى قيمة لسرعة الترسيب تحدث في حالة الظروف المستقره واقل قيمة تكون في الظروف الغير مستقرة وفي الوسط حالة التعادل وهذا ينطبق مع الطبيعة الفيزيائية لميكانيكية الاستقرار في الغلاف الجوي وكذالك يمكن ان نستنتج من خلال الحسابات ان هنالك علاقة طردية مابين سرعة الترسيب والسرعة الاحتكاكية ولكنها تختلف باختلاف احجام الجسمات لكل حالات الاستقراريه ففي المديات الحجمية من 0.01 الى 0.3 مايكرومتر هنالك زيادة تناقصية لسرعة الترسيب مع زيادة السرعة الاحتكاكية حتى الثبوت عند المديات الحجمية من 0.3 الى 1 مايكرومتر بحيث يكون هنالك عدم تاثير لزيادة السرعة الاحتكاكية على سرعة الترسيب وبعد هذا المدى الحجمي والذي هوا 1 مايكرومتر هنالك علاقة طردية تزايدية لسرعة الترسيب مع زيادة السرعة الاحتكاكية حتى المدى الحجمي 30 مايكرومتر. اما بالنسبة لطول الخشونه فان تاثيرها يظهر فقط في حالة الاستقرار وعدم الاستقرار الجوي وهذا التاثير يكون قليل على سرعة الترسيب وتقريبا متساوي في كلا الحالتين حيث ان الزيادة في طول الخشونه تؤدي الى الزيادة في سرعة الترسيب. اما العلاقة مابين سرعة الترسيب وسرعة الرياح فهي علاقة عكسية زيادة سرعة الرياح سوف تعرقل من نزول الجسيمات وبالتالي تقلليل سرعة الترسيب وهذا التاثير يظهر فقط على الجسيمات الكبيرة الاكبر من 5 مايكرومتر. واخيرا تاثير درجة الحرارة الذي يدخل للموديل عن طريق الحركة البروانية فانه يكون قليل جدا ويهمل هذا التغير حيث وضع في الموديل تغير في درجة الحرارة من صفر الى 50 درجة سليزية ولم يحث سوى تغيير طفيف جدا وهذا لكل حالات الاستقرارية المتعادلة والمستقرة والغير مستقرة | AbstractThe aim of this research to make and design mathematical model and empirical relation for calculate deposition velocity of particles above Baghdad city by using data of wind speed and temperatures near the earth surface at the high 20 m. Result indicate deposition velocity have a direct relation with the large particles which have half diameters more than 1.5 micrometers because the effect of gravity on it, for the small particles the half diameters less than 0.1 micrometers have inverse relation with deposition velocity because the effect of gravity on it is neglected, As for particles has a half diameters from 0.1 to 1.5 micrometers there will be fix state because the reach to terminal velocity. also we will discover that high value deposition velocity will be happen in the case of stability, and the low value in the case of instability, and in the middle will be neutral and this similar to the physics natural of the mechanical saturation in the atmosphere. also will be cover from the calculation there is a direct relation between deposition velocity and friction velocity but they are different with the particles volume for all case of stability, in the volume range from 0.01 to 0. 3 micrometers there is decreasing in deposition velocity with increasing of friction velocity until fixation at the volume range from 0. 3 to 1 micrometers until there is no effect for the increase friction velocity on the deposition velocity, after this volume range 1 micrometers there is direct increase deposition velocity with increase friction velocity until range volume 30 micrometers . As for Roughness length the effect appears only in the case of stabile and unstable and this effect will be less on the deposition velocity and nearly equal in both case, because the increase in roughness length lead to increase deposition velocity. The relation between deposition velocity and wind speed the inverse relation, the increase of wind speed will prevent particles fall are lead to minimize deposition velocity and this effect appears only on the particles size more than 5 micrometers. Finally the effect of temperature appears in the model from the browin motion will be very latter and neglected this change, inter in this model change of temperature from 0 to 5 C0 there was a very later change and that for all case of stability ( stable, unstable and neutral).

دراسة تاثير العواصف الغبارية على توهين واستقطاب الموجات المايكروية == Study The Effect of Dust Storms on The Attenuation and Polarization of Microwaves

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى محمد رشيد
اسم المشرف: ضياء عزيز بلال
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: العواصف الغبارية ظواهر طقسية متكررة الحدوث في العراق والمناطق المجاورة. ان هذه العواصف يمكن ان تسبب توهين الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية المنتقلة خلال الجسيمات المنتشرة من خلال الاستطارة والامتصاص. اضافة لذلك، ان جسيمات الغبار هي غير كروية في شكلها وانما بيضوية، وتسبب توهين تفاضلي وفرق طور تفاضلي لاستقطاب الاشارة المنتقلة وبالتالي تغيير نوع استقطابها. والهدف من هذا البحث هو استخدام نماذج التوهين لتقدير التوهين وتغيير نوع الاستقطاب للموجات الدقيقة. لقد تم افتراض حزم التردد المستخدمة في منظومات الاتصالات والاقمار الاصطناعية والرادارات. بينت حسابات التوهين الكلي بواسطة جسيمات الغبار بان مدى الرؤية (كمؤشر لشدة العاصفة الغبارية) ونصف قطر جسيم الغبار يلعبان دورا مهما في توهين اشارة الموجات الدقيقة المنتقلة خلال العاصفة الغبارية. يتناسب التوهين عكسيا مع مدى الرؤية ويزداد بزيادة نصف قطر الجسيم. وان الجسيمات الصغيرة جدا للغبار يكون تاثيرها على الموجات الدقيقة مهملا تقريبا. كما دلت النتائج بان التوهين يزداد مع زيادة التردد.وقد اوضحت نتائج نموذج الاستقطاب الخطي بان التوهين التفاضلي وفرق الطور التفاضلي بواسطة جسيمات الغبار يزدادان بزيادة تردد الاشارة، وبالتالي فان حزم الترددات العالية تتعرض الى تغيير استقطاب عالي. وهذا يؤدي الى تفسير خاطئ للقياسات المقاسة بواسطة الاجهزة التي تستخدم مثل هذه الترددات. ان القيم العالية للرطوبة النسبية لجسيمات الغبار تسبب توهي تفاضلي عالي. اما فرق الطور التفاضلي فهو يتاثر بشكل بسيط بواسطة الرطوبة النسبية.وقد دلت حسابات تغيير استقطاب بواسطة جسيمات الغبار للموجات المستقطبة دائريا بان العواصف الغبارية الشديدة (مدى رؤية اقل من 1 متر) يمكن ان تسبب توهين عالي جدا ولكن هذا التوهين يتناقص مع ازدياد مدى الرؤية لجميع الترددات قيد البحث. ان معدل انخفاض التوهين مع زيادة مدى الرؤية يعتمد على التردد. كما بينت النتائج بان تمايز الاستقطاب المتعامد (XPD) يزداد بحدة مع زيادة مدى الرؤية عند قيم مدى رؤية اقل من 200 متر ومن ثم يزداد بشكل بطيء. كما ان XPD يزداد مع زيادة كل من التردد وطول المسار. كما وضحت النتائج بان تاثير الرطوبة على XPD لا يعتمد على التردد. | Dust storms are frequent weather phenomena in Iraq and surrounded regions. These storms can attenuate an electromagnetic wave propagating through the dispersed dust particles by scattering and absorption processes. In addition, dust particles are not spherical in shape, but spheroids; they cause differential attenuation and phase shift to polarized to a propagating signal and consequently depolarizing it. The aim of this research is to used attenuation models to estimate the attenuation and depolarization of microwave singles. The frequency bands that are employed by communication systems, satellites, and radars were considered. The calculations of the total attenuation by dust particles showed that the visibility as an indicator of the severity of the dust storms, and the radius of the dust particles play an important role in attenuating the microwave signal passing through the storms. The attenuation is inversely proportional with visibility and increases with increasing the radius of the dust particles. Very small particles has almost negligible effects on the microwave signals. The results also indicated that the attenuation increases with increasing the frequency of the signal. The results of the linear polarization model illustrated that the differential attenuation and differential phase shift by dust particles increase with increasing the frequency of the signal. Therefore, high frequency band are highly depolarized. This can led to misinterpretation of measurements carried by instruments employing such frequencies. High values of relative humidity of the dust particles cause higher differential attenuation. The differential phase shift is slightly affected by the relative humidity.Depolarization calculations of circularly polarized waves by dust particles indicated that severe dust storms (visibly about 1 m) can cause very large attenuation and this attenuation decreases with increasing the visibility for all frequency band under consideration. The rate of the attenuation decreasing with visibility depends on the frequency. The results also showed that large propagation path and humid particles can corrupt the signal. The results showed that cross polarization discrimination (XPD) increases sharply with increasing the visibility at visibilities less that 200 m and then gradually increases with visibility. The XPD also decreases with increasing the frequency and the path length. The results also suggested that the effect of the humidity on the XPD is independent on the frequency

تحليل بيانات مركبات الاشعاع الشمسي على السطوح المائلة والعمودية ولاتجاهات مختلفة في مدينة بغداد == Analysis of Solar Radiation Components Data on Tilted and vertical surfaces with Different Orientations in Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: مروة مزهر حسن الرحال
اسم المشرف: سعدي عبد الرزاق عبد الوهاب
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم تحليل ودراسة المجموع الشهري للقيم الساعية لمركبات الاشعاع الشمسي الكلي والمباشر والمنتشر وكذلك المنعكس لمدينة بغداد ولسنة 2005 والساقطة على السطوح الافقية والمائلة وكذلك العمودية، حيث اظهرت نتائج البحث ان قيم هذه المركبات تختلف من شهر لاخر حيث كانت اعلى القيم قي اشهر منتصف السنة (حزيران وتموز) عند زاوية سمت 225 درجة وزاوية ميل 20 درجة، اما اقل القيم فكانت في اشهر بداية السنة ونهايتها (كانون الثاني وكانون الاول) عند زاوية سمت 0 درجة وزاوية ميل 40 درجة، وبشكل عام فان القيم الاعلى لهذه المركبات تكون عند زاوية ميل السطح 20 درجة واقل القيم عند زاوية ميل السطح 40 درجة لجميع اشهر السنة وتكون الحالة معكوسة عند زوايا سمت 135، 180، 225 درجة فقد تم الحصول على اعلى القيم عند زاوية ميل 40 درجة واقلها عند زاوية ميل 20 درجة في اشهر بداية السنة (كانون الثاني وتموز واذار) وللاشهرالاخيرة من السنة (ايلول واب وتشرين الاول)، اما بالنسبة لمركبات الاشعاع الشمسي الساقط على الاسطح العمودية فقد تبين ان قيم هذه المركبات تبدا بالزيادة منذ بداية السنة وتصل الى اعلى القيم عند منتصفها اي في شهري (حزيران وتموز) ومن ثم تبدا بالتناقص الى نهاية السنة ماعدا عند زوايا السمت 135، 180، 225 درجة فان هذه القيم تاخذ سلوكا مغايرا تماما حيث تبدا بالتناقص من بداية السنة ويعود سبب ذلك الى اختلاف قيم الزوايا المستخدمة . واخيرا تم مقارنة قيم الاشعاع الشمسي المنعكس لاربع محطات تمثل مدينة الموصل، بغداد، الرطبة والبصرة ولقيم البيدو مختلفة وقد وجدا بان اعلى قيمة للاشعاع الشمسي المنعكس كانت لمدينة الرطبة حيث كلما ازدادت قيمة الالبيدو ازدادت قيم الاشعاع المنعكس معها. | It is includes the analysis and the study of Total monthly values hourly of solar radiation components direct, diffuse and reflected for the city of Baghdad for the year 2005 and falling on the horizontal, inclined and vertical surfaces, research's results showed that the value of these components differ from month to another, where the maximum value of this component found in the middle of the year in months( June and July) were the azimuth angle 225 degree and the tilt angle of the surfaces 20 degree, while the minimum values of these component found at the beginning of the year and the end of the year(January and December) when the azimuth angle 0 degree and tilt angle surfaces 40 degree, In General the maximum values were found when the surfaces tilt angle 20 degree and the minimum values found at surfaces angle 40 degree during all the month’s of the year, the case may be reversed for this values Identified when the azimuth angle 135, 180, 225 degree during the first months of the year (January, February, March) and the last months of the year (September, October, November) when the higher values at 40 degree and the lesser values at 20 degree at surfaces tilt angle and that because of the different Angles value in used. As for the components of solar radiation fallen on vertical surfaces, it was found that the value of this components starts to increase from the beginning of the year and reaches to the highest degrees in the middle of the year (June and July), then it decreased till reaching the end of the year except at an Azimuth angle of 135, 180 and 225 degree, these values behave totally different behavior, where it starts to decrease as the beginning of the year.

تاثير درجات الحرارة والامطار على انتاجية محصولي الحنطة والشعير لمحافظات مختارة من العراق == The effect of temperature and rainfall on crop productivity of wheat and barley in some governorates of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عقيل داود سلمان الحلفي
اسم المشرف: بدور ياسين حمود العامري | احمد صالح محميد
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

مقارنة لخمس طرق عددية لتقدير معاملات دالة ويبل لتطبيقات طاقة الرياح في العراق == Comparison of five numerical methods for estimating weibull parameters of wind energy applications in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عباس سايخان علي جان
اسم المشرف: اماني ابراهيم التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: منذ بداية الثورة الصناعية في العالم والتي ادت بالنهاية الى التوجه بشكل واسع الى استعمال المحروقات (الفحم، النفط ، الغاز الطبيعي ومشتقاته) والتي تعد المصدر الرئيس في نفث كميات كبيرة من الغازات الملوثة كاول وثاني اوكسيد الكاربون واكاسيد النتروجين حيث تساهم جميعها في ارتفاع درجة حرارة الارض وهذا ما يعرف بظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري Global Warning))، ان تفاقم مشكلة التلوث البيئي والدراسات التي اثبتت النبوض المحتمل لمصادر الطاقة الاحفورية فرضت ايجاد حل بديل في السنوات الاخيرة لطاقة بديلة ومتجددة اطول عمرا واقل ضررا بالبيئة فكانت الطاقات المتجددة (المائية, الشمسية,الرياحية ,باطن الارض , الكتل الحيوية) ,لذلك ركز هذا العمل على قطاع مهم في مجال الطاقات المتجددة وهي طاقة الرياح,استخدمت بيانات سرعة الرياح الساعية - السنوية لثلاث سنوات(2010,2011,2012) وعلى ارتفاع 10mمن المركز الاوربي للتنبؤات الطقسية المتوسطة المدى The European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) وباستخدام النموذج (ERA) لاثنين وعشرون منطقة موزعة في جميع اجزاء العراق تقريبا كما تم حساب سرعة الرياح على ارتفاع (50m,30m) باستخدام قانون القوةواستخراج الصفات الاحصائية لمتوسط سرعة الرياح ولجميع مناطق الدراسة . ولغرض حساب كثافة طاقة الرياح تم استخدام دالة توزيع ويبل وحساب معلمتي توزيع ويبل )معلمة الشكل kومعلمة القياسc (بخمس طرق وهي طريقة الامكان الاعظم Maximum Likelihood Method ,طريقة مخطط الاحتماليةProbability Plot Method ,طريقة العزم المعدله Modified Moment Method,طريقة عامل نمط الطاقة Energy Pattern Factor Method,طريقة مخطط هازارد Hazard Plot Method. ثم اختبار هذه الطرق حسابيا باستخدام (Pearson Product Moment) واستخراج معامل الارتباط(Correlation Coefficient) وبيانيا وقد اظهرت نتائج الاختبار ان طريقة عامل نمط الطاقةEPF افضلها تليها طريقة الامكان الاعظم ولقد حسبت كثافة طاقة الرياح (Wind Power Density) بوحدات(w⁄m2 ) باستخدام معلمتي ويبل بطريقة EPF وعلى ثلاثة ارتفاعات وتمثيلها بخرائط باستخدام تقنية GIS والتي تم فيها تحديد المناطق الواعدة التي ينصح بوضع مزارع الرياح فيها لاستغلالها في توليد الطاقة الكهربائية وهي(حويجة, بيجي, بغداد, حديثة, عانة, الرطبة, نجف, كوت, ناصرية, عمارة, بصرة, فاو). اضافة الى حساب الشدة السنوية للطاقة بوحدات(kwh⁄m2 ). | From the beginning of industrial Revolution That directed by using the fule widely like (oil, coke, natural gases and derivate material) That considered The main source of inject atmosphere by large amount of pollution gases and carbon dioxide and also nitrogen oxide which played big role increase earth and its atmosphere temperature which known as Global warning the problem of environment pollution became effected and the research improved There is probability of decreasing for the energy That took from The fuel or material That get out from the earth and composed to find alternative solution for future years to present another source of energy with longer age and less damaging for environment like engross That takes from (hydro, solar, wind, inside earth, vital masses ) Therefore, this work focused on the important portion in renewable energy source , That came from wind energy and using hourly wind speed data for years (2010,2011,2012) on elevation(10m) That took from The European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) That used The model (ERA) For (22) regions distributed on nearly all parts of Iraq with calculated wind speed on level from (30,50)m by using force low which help to account statistic feature for average of wind speed on the all region That took in our work for purpose to calculate the intensity of wind energy by using weibull distribution function with calculate distribution parameters (shape and scale parameter) by using five ways for maximum likelihood method which are probability plot method, Modified Moment method, Energy pattern Factor method, Hazard plot method. pearson product moment and finally (correlation coefficient) which Diagrammatic The results showed The way of Energy pattern factor method The best while maximum likelihood method was second one which calculate wind power Density with units (w⁄m^2 ) as function for weibull two correlations by Energy pattern Factor method on Three elevations Through Drawing maps by using (GIS) Technique which able limit The important regions which advised to using Them as wind farms to product electric power energy That were (Hawija, Baiji, Baghdad, Hadithah, Anah, Rutba, Najaf, Kut, Nasiriya, Amara, Basrah, Fao) in addition calculate The annul intensity for energy with units (kwh⁄m^2 ).

دراسة استخدام بطارية الانتشار في معالجة نضوب بخار الماء في التنوية الغيمية == Study the Use of Diffusion Battery in Treatment the Depletion of Water Vapor in the Cloud Nuclei

اسم المؤلف: رقية احمد خلف
اسم المشرف: رشيد حمود صالح النعيمي | اسامة طارق احمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت هذه الدراسة بشيء من التحليل المشاكل المترابطة بين جسيمات الهباء الجوي (Aerosols) والتنوية الغيمية Cloud Nucleation)) والاجهزة البحثية المستخدمة في دراستها بهدف تقديم مقترح لتقليل تاثير احد اهم تلك المشاكل "مشكلة النضوب".ان الجسيمات الجوية قسم منها ينتج من عوامل طبيعية والاخر يضخ الى الجو صناعيا من فعاليات الانسان المختلفة . وان زمن بقائها في الجو يعتمد على طيفها الحجمي ٬ واما خواصها الفيزيائية والكيميائية فمعقدة جدا .ان قطيرات الغيوم لا تتكون بصورة طبيعية بتحول بخار الماء بعملية التكثيف الى سائل بدون جسيمات جوية تدعى "النويات الغيمية" . هذه النويات تمثل جزءا من الطيف الحجمي الكلي للهباء الجوي الذي جميعه له القدرة على ان يدخل في عملية التكثيف اذا توفر فوق اشباع مناسب حيث ينشط قسم منه باقل كمية من بخار الماء والقسم الاخر يتطلب فوق اشباع كبير جدا وما بين الحالتين يتوزع في باقي الطيف . ولان فوق الاشباع الطبيعي في الجو قليل جدا فان الجزء الذي يمكن اعتباره نويات تكثيف غيمية (اي يتطلب فوق اشباع قليل ) محدود جدا .ان الاجهزة البحثية التي تتناول دراسة التنوية الغيمية كثيرة وجميعها تعاني من مشاكل يصعب وصف السيطرة عليها ولكن يمكن اعتبار جهاز الجريان المستمر (Cotinous Flow Diffusion Chamber) هو الافضل والاكثر استخداما في الوقت الحاضر ومع ذلك فان فيه مشكلة تدعى "النضوب Depletion" . ان المعطيات النظرية مدعومة بالاختبارات العملية وتشير الى ان مشكلة النضوب تزداد تاثيراتها بزيادة عدد النويات الصغيرة في العينة حيث تعمل على استنزاف بخار الماء المتاح وتضعف عملية التكثيف فتعيق نمو القطيرات الى الحجوم المطلوبة . هذه مشكلة لا يمكن تجاوزها دون التخلص من النويات صغيرة الحجم لذلك تم التفكير في اقتراح استخدام ما يدعى "بطارية الانتشار Diffusion Battery" التي لها استخدامات كثيرة في علوم البيئة والطب لقدرتها على فصل الجسيمات الصغيرة .ان استخدام جهاز بطارية الانتشار في عملية التنوية الغيمية يقلل من اعداد الجسيمات الصغيرة الى حد كبير بعملية الانتشار البراوني دون ان يؤثر ذلك على الجسيمات ذات الاحجام الكبيرة مما يساعد على عدم استنزاف بخار الماء في عملية التنوية الغيمية في اجهزة الجريان المستمر وبذلك يتم تجاوز مشكلة النضوب التي تحدد عمل هذه الاجهزة . | This study included everything from the analysis of the problems associated with the aerosol particles and cloud nuclei research and devices used in the study in order to submit a proposal to reduce the impact of one of the most important problems, "the problem of depletion."That the air particles of which are produced from natural factors and the other is pumped into the atmosphere from industrial activities of various human. And survival time in the air depends on the spectrum of volumetric and physical and chemical properties are very complex.That drops the clouds do not normally consist of water vapor condensation process of turning to liquid without air particles called "cloud nuclei." These nuclei are part of the spectrum of the total volume of aerosols which Society has the ability to be included in the condensation process, if available supersaturated appropriate where the active section of it the least amount of water vapor and the other section requires over a very large saturation and between the two cases is distributed in the rest of the spectrum. Because above normal saturation in the atmosphere is very little the part that can be regarded as cloud condensation nuclei (which requires supersaturated few) is very limited.The research deals with the study of devices that many cloud nuclei, all suffer from the problems of difficult to control, but can be considered a continuous flow device is the best and most widely used at the present time, however, the problem is called the "depletion". The data supported the theory and practical tests indicate that the problem of depletion increases their effects by increasing the number of small nuclei in the sample, where she works on the water vapor available drain and weaken the condensation process hindering the growth of the droplet to the sizes required. This problem cannot be overcome without getting rid of small - sized nuclei so was the proposal to use "diffusion battery," which has many uses in the environment and medicine for its ability to separate the small particles.The use of a diffusion battery cloud nuclei process reduces the number of small particles to a large extent the process of Al - Brownian diffusion without affecting the large sizes of particles which helps to lack of water vapor drain in the process cloud nuclei in the continuous flow devices and thus exceeded depletion problem define these devices work.

خصائص التحليل الطيفي لدرجة حرارة الهواء في محطات مختارة من العراق == Spectral Analysis of Air Temperature Characteristics for Selected Stations in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: امل جعفر سالم العزاوي
اسم المشرف: منعم حكيم خلف الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذه الرسالة تم تحليل السلاسل الزمنية الشهرية والسنوية لمعدلات درجة حرارة الهواء ودرجة الحرارة العظمى ودرجة الحرارة الصغرى وللفترة (1941 - 2013) والبعض منها قبل سنة )1941 - 2014( اي لاكثر من 60 سنة واقل من 84 سنة لمحطات مختارة من العراق لتمثل اغلب مساحته، والتي تشمل المناطق الشمالية (الموصل) والوسطى (بغداد) والغربية (الرطبة) والجنوبية (البصرة)، ومن خلال تحليل السلاسل الزمنية السنوية اوضحت النتائج بشكل عام ان جميع المحطات كان الاتجاه العام للتغاير متذبذب اما محطة البصرة كان الاتجاه العام للتغاير فيها ذو سلوك خطي. ولوحظ من خلال النتائج ان سنة 2010 لها اعلى معدل سنوي لدرجة حرارة الهواء في عموم العراق. وعند مقارنة الاتجاه العام لتغايرات درجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى وجدت ان درجة الحرارة الصغرى اكثر تغاير من درجة الحرارة العظمى لجميع المحطات. وكذلك تم ايجاد الشذوذ القياسي الشهري والسنوي((Z) ) ̀ لمعدل درجة الحرارة ودرجة الحرارة العظمى ودرجة الحرارة الصغرى والنسبة المئوية لتكرارات هذا الشذوذ. وقد اظهرت النتائج ان محطة البصرة ذو شذوذ قياسي سنوي سالب وموجب قليل لمعدل درجة الحرارة ودرجة الحرارة العظمى اما الشذوذ السنوي الموجب فكان لدرجة الحرارة الصغرى، بينما الشذوذ القياسي السنوي الموجب العالي لمعدل درجة الحرارة كان واضحا في محطة بغداد والشذوذ القياسي السنوي السالب العالي كان في محطة الرطبة. اما النسبة المئوية لتكرارت الشذوذ الشهري والسنوي السالب والموجب فان محطة الموصل اظهرت تقريبا اعلى قيم لمعدلات درجة الحرارة ودرجة الحرارة العظمى ودرجة الحرارة الصغرى. واخيرا تم حساب طاقات الكثافة الطيفية لشذوذ المعدلات الشهرية والسنوية لمحطات الدراسة الاربعة باستخدام تحولات فورير، بعد معالجة البيانات احصائيا. واوضحت نتائج هذه الحسابات ان القيم العظمى لطاقات الكثافة الطيفية للشذوذ القياسي الشهري لدرجة الحرارة العظمى والصغرى كان في محطة الرطبة تليها محطة الموصل، ودلت نتائج حساب طاقات الكثافة الطيفية للشذوذ القياسي لمعدلات درجة حرارة الهواء السنوية ان القيم العظمى لها كانت في محطتي البصرة وبغداد. وبشكل عام فان الاشكال الطيفية تبدو اكثر وضوحا عند زيادة البيانات لان منحنيات الكثافات الطيفية عند المعدلات الشهرية اقرب للطيف المثالي من المعدلات السنوية | In this thesis, It was analyzed monthly and annual time series of the rates of air temperature and maximum temperature and the minimum temperature for the period (1941 - 2013) and some of them a year before (1941 - 2014) i.e. for more than 60 years and less than 84 years of selected stations from Iraq to represent most of the area, which includes the northern areas (Mosul) and Central (Baghdad) and Western (Rutba) and Southern (Basra), and during the annual time - series analysis of the results in general made it clear that all the stations was a general trend of contrasting wobbling either Basra station was the general trend of the variation in which a linear behavior. It was noted that the results during the year 2010 with the highest annual average air temperature in the whole of Iraq. When compared with the general trend of variations degrees maximum and minimum temperatures and found that the minimum temperature more variation than maximum temperature for all stations. And also found monthly and annual standardized anomaly ((Z) ) ̀ for the rate of temperature and maximum temperature and the minimum temperature and the percentage of frequency of this anomaly. The results showed that Basra station with a record abnormalities annual negative and positive a few of the rate of temperature and maximum temperature either annual anomalies positive was the minimum temperature, while the annual standardized anomaly higher positive rate of temperature was evident in Baghdad station and high negative annual standardized anomaly was in the station Rutba. The percentage of frequencies monthly and annual anomalies negative and positive the Mosul station showed almost higher values for the rates of temperature and maximum temperature and the minimum temperature. Finally, it was spectral density energies account for the anomaly of monthly and annual rates of the four stations studied using Fourier transformations, after processing the data statistically. The results of these calculations that the great values of the energies of spectral density for standardized anomaly of monthly maximum and minimum temperature was in the Rutba station followed by a Mosul station, the results indicate that the calculate the energies of spectral density of standardized anomaly of annual mean air temperature that the great values of these were in the Basra and Baghdad stations. In general, the spectral shapes seem more pronounced when increasing data because densities spectral curves when monthly averages nearest ideal spectrum of annual averages

مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة الناصرية وتاثيراتها البيئية == Sewage in the city of Nasiriyah and its impact on the environment

اسم المؤلف: زمن ماجد طعمة الزيرجاوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرزاق خيون خضير ال محيميد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تمثلت الدراسة بدراسة مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة الناصرية وتاثيراتها البيئية ، تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد خصائص مياه الصرف الصحي لمدينة الناصرية ، وتحديد المناطق المخدومة وغير المخدومة ومعرفة مدى كفاءة محطات المعالجة والتعرف على مصادرها المتنوعة والمتمثلة بالمنزلية والصناعية والصحية ، تعد هذه المصادر من اخطر الملوثات لاحتوائها على مواد سامة لذا يجب معالجة المياه الخارجة من هذه المصادر.ونظرا لان مياه الصرف الصحي تذهب الى نهر الفرات بعد المعالجة فقد تم تحليل عينات لمياه النهر لمدة عام كامل (2014) في موقعين قبل وبعد مصب الانبوب الذي يصرف المياه لنهر الفرات لمعرفة التغيرات الي تحصل في نوعية المياه وخواصها الفيزيائية والكيميائية , وبما ان مياه النهر تستعمل بري الاراضي الزراعية فقد تم تحليل نبات النعناع المروي بمياه نهر الفرات المتاثرة بمياه الصرف الصحي لمعرفة الاثار البيئية على النباتاذ اظهرت نتائج تحليل نبات النعناع تجاوز بعض تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة فيه مثل ( الكادميوم , النحاس , الكروم ).وتوصلت الدراسة الى ما يلي : لقد اثرت العوامل الجغرافية ( الطبيعية والبشرية ) على مياه الصرف الصحي بشكل ايجابي وسلبي فالسطح في منطقة الدراسة ولد صعوبات في تصريف مياه الصرف الصحي واثر ذلك على تكاليف انشاء مشاريع الصرف الصحي. اما خصائص المناخ (الاشعاع الشمسي ، درجة الحرارة ، الرياح ، الرطوبة ، الامطار ، التبخر) اثر كل منها فالاشعاع الشمسي له اثر في تغير تركيز الملوثات وتحويلها من صورة الى اخرى ، اما درجة الحرارة فانه له اثر في تحديد كمية الصرف,وكان تاثير الرياح في تحديد مواقع المحطات ، اما الامطار فكان لها تاثير ايجابي واخر سلبي. اما العوامل البشرية ( حجم المدينة ، حجم السكان ) فانها اثرت على معدلات استهلاك افرد للمياه لان اتساع حجم المدينة ناتج عن زيادة اعداد السكان وزيادة الانشطة مما يزيد من كميات الصرف الصحي. تتباين انواع مياه الصرف الصحي في كمية ما تطلقه من مياه الصرف وتقدر ما تطلقه من مياه الصرف المنزلي بحوالي (23000م3/ساعة) اما المياه الصناعية فتقدر بحوالي (575م3/ ساعة) ومياه الصرف الموئسات الصحية فتقدر بحوالي (789م3/ساعة). لوحظ من خلال التحليل الاحصائي وجود تباين مكانيا وزمانيا بين انواع مياه الصرف الصحي من الملوثات واظهرت النتائج ان الاس الهيدروجيني pH والتوصيلة الكهربائية EC والبوتاسيوم K والفوسفات PO4 لم تسجل بين المواقع الثلاث ( حي سومر ، مستشفى الحسين ، معمل النسيج ) اي فروق بين القيم اما العناصر الاخرى فانها سجلت اختلافات زمانية ومكانية بين المواقع.فعند دراسة العناصر الكيميائية والفيزيائية للمحطات سجلت محطة الهندية تجاوز الحدود المسموح بها من بعض العناصر وهي (T.s.s, TDS , BDS , COD , NO2 , SO4 CL , H2S , O&G). اما في محطة الصرف الصناعي لمعمل النسيج فقد تجاوزت كل من (SO4, O&GT.S.S , TDS , COD ) الحدود المسموح بها.واظهرت نتائج التحليل لمياه الصرف الصحي الخارجة من المؤسسات الصحية ( مركز القلب )، تجاوز بعض العناصر ، الحدود المسموح به والمتمثلة (O8G , SO4 , BOD , T.S.S). ان عدم كفاءة محطات المعالجة جاء من خلال عدة اسباب منها قلة الكادر ومحدودية طاقة محطات المعالجة اذ تبلغ الطاقة التصميمية لمحطة الهندية حوالي (17000م3/ يوم) لكنها تشغل حوالي (100,000) م3/يوم فضلا عن التجاوز وقلة الدعم وعدم الوعي البيئي اللازم من قبل المواطنين. توصلت الدراسة الى ان مياه الصرف الصحي ملوثة بالميكروبات والكائنات الدقيقة لكنها تتباين من حين لاخر ، حسب انواع الصرف الصحي في بيئة الدراسة | I have studed the sewage water in Nassiriah City and its environmental effects .the study aimed to determine the properties of sewage and identify those areas which covered by the services.The study also measured the effect of the water treatment stations and identify the varied resources;domestic, industrial and the health institutes .these resources considered as one of the most dangerous polluters as they contain a poisonousmartials .to study these effects, two samples used, 250m from the sewage outlet in Euphrates river and the other is sample of mint vegetable which effected by the sewage.The study led to;The Geographical elements (Natural and Human) ,had a dual effect on sewage ,Positive and negative effects, as the surface in area of study ,generated difficulties within sewage water draining and also effected the production cost.Each of the climate elements (sun, temperature, wind, moisture, rain and evaporation), had an individual effected; as for the sun, had the role of changing density of the polluters and transforming them into different items. While temperature controlling the quantity of drainage.as for the wind,it influenced the DELIMITATION of water treatment locations. Rain also has a dual effect on sewage.The effects of human elements (city size volume ,population , diversity of inhabitance) ,they effected the water consumptions percentage which increased the sewage water.Sewage water are different in regards to quantity of water ejected, disposed water domestically estimation is (23000m3) and the industrial is around (575m3),while health institutes is (789m3).We noticed, though out the statistics, a presence of timely and locative differences among the types of sewage water in regard to polluters, hydrogenous index PH, electric conduction EC, Potassium and Phosphate PO4.these polluters never recorded any values differences within the tree locations, SumerQ.,Al - Husain General Hospital and the Textile Factory).During the study of Chemical and physical elements of the water treatment stations, Al - Hindia station polluters exceed the limits of the presence of some elements like T.ss, T.D.S ,B.D.S , COD, NO2, SO4,CL,H2S,O8G.While in water treatment of the Textile factory, T.S.S , SO4 ,O8G,T.D.S , C.O.D , was over. Water analysis of Health Institutes (Cardiology Center)and over existence of some elements like ; T.S.S , SO4 ,O8G ,BOD.Insufficiency of water treatment stations came from factors like; shortage of staff and capacity limits - as built capacity of Al - Hindia station is 17000m3/day, while its processing around 100.000m3/day , besides shortage of support and littleness of the environmental awareness of people.The study comes to a conclusion that sewage water is rich with microbes and flesh - colored but it different once a while as per the types of sewage within the area of study and the numbers of those flesh - colored found in the domestic sewage are different from those in industrial and health institute sewage.

مظاهر البذخ والترف عنــد الخلفاء والامراء العباسيين (132 - 334هـ) == The appearances of luxury and extravagance in the Abbasid Caliphs and Amir's (132 - 334h)

اسم المؤلف: عدي سهر عباس
اسم المشرف: يوسف كاظم جغيل الشمري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Character was a tendency to nomadic Arabs and intolerance to the children of sex they addition Sriao influenced civilization, and if you bring indulged in bliss and tended to live and fertile Tonqgua in food, clothing, drink, seen from the means of bliss and pomp.Any individual in the community that can not criticize the life of luxury or tries to fighting against absolutely every man by nature Find all the amenities that bring him pleasure and dignity in life, and in return, the immersion of the individual in the life of bliss and well - being lead to the creation of many of the least of the problems to go away in fun impervious Bmsalyate above her indifferent Perhaps this was confirmed by an interview with the Holy Prophet Muhammad "God, what poverty was afraid you what God opens to you from the lower flower Vtaatnafsson which also compete by you as Ohlkthm."This study revolves around (the appearances of luxury and extravagance in the Abbasid Caliphs and Amir's (132 - 334h / 749 - 945M, such as studying its historical importance in the history of the second and fourth centuries AH, especially in the history of political civilization in general, and Islam.The luxury and extravagance for caliphs and emirs of the Abbasids of important topics and sensitive at the same time because of the look of holiness that society shows it to someone Caliph and employers state, came this research to give a clear picture of the lives of the caliphs and emirs of the Abbasids in their palaces and their communities the guest.It prompted me to write about the subject of the manifestations of luxury and extravagance when the Abbasid caliphs and emirs several reasons, including : 1. for not touched researchers to this aspect in detail from a historical perspective.2. is the subject of luxury and extravagance when the Abbasid caliphs and emirs important aspect as one of the manifestations of cultural life that reflects the nature of the official life of the Abbasid caliphs and princes.30The life that was Hristiha caliphs and employers state you phenomena replete with luxury and pomp of the need to be highlighted and illustrated. was motivated my interest in this topic search because it is one of the topics interesting and fun.This study has Antdmt introduction, smoothing, and three chapters and a summary of the results reached by the researcher, and a list of sources and references adopted in this research as follows : Boot : was simple and brief all aspects of luxury and extravagance in the Umayyad period included a definition of opulence and luxury language and idiomatically then the difference and similarities between them through simplicity in the realms of public life in HD Holy Prophet and the Caliphs Marja to some semblance of luxury and extravagance in the Umayyad period.The first chapter : it Smonah (manifestation of opulence and luxury in the palaces of caliphs and emirs of the Abbasids) dealt with various topics was the first of palaces and argued and his caliphs and princes Abbasids built palaces and decorated and the multiplicity of roles with the attempt caliphs and emirs build their palaces at more than one place in the Arab - Islamic state, Margen on slave in succession Palace and argued the meaning of slavery in the language and terminology and the consequent large number of maids and servants, in the palaces of the Caliphate and the spread of bad habits and funds many spent on them, as we approached the diversity and multiplicity of foods in their palaces, costs and expenses that were spent on them, was it addressed to the clothes worn before them and the variety of colors and forms.The second chapter : the Thbtnah entitled (councils caliphs and emirs of the Abbasids) and section Chapter to several paragraphs, including janitorial and the reasons for their development and function of the eyebrow and the role of the specifications that must be met him, Margen to Ndme the Abbasid caliphs, literature and the conditions to be provided Balndem and mattresses layers Alndme, as we dealt with it caliphs types of boards, and furniture that decorated by that area, and we addressed the boards of literature, singing and bestowal money on poets and bring them closer to them.The third chapter : has Smonah entitled (pistes, processions and events), we addressed the parks and places of entertainment and recreation, with a flood caliphs and emirs of the Abbasids, as we approached the caliphs games and argued him play ball and scepter and places and how to play and had to catch his share also in this chapter and the method of fishing and enjoy this, We addressed the processions and pomp that caliphs overwhelmed by the exit times, Margen to weddings and circumcision and the method of celebration and bestowal money and gifts to mark the occasion.

واســـط في العصر المغولي : دراسة في احوالها العامة (656 - 736هـ) == Wasit in the Mongol era A study in its general conditions(736 - 656H)

اسم المؤلف: فضاء محمد عبيس الجبوري
اسم المشرف: محمد ضايع حسون
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The city of Wasit was once a significant Arabic Muslim metropolis in the history of Iraq and it possesses clear contributions in Iraq's political, social, and ideological events throughout the Islamic eras primarily during the Abbasid era. As for the city's geographical location and the city's development both played a major role in acquiring such historical and cultural significance, as it supervised the management of a vast area including numerous villages and the hamlets which belong to them. Since the colonization of Wasit city and until the late Abbasid era several studies were approached about the ideological, political, and the social history of Wasit city , but we were not able to find a case study related to the city's general conditions in particular during the Mongol era. Which restricted the studies in focus on the ideological life where the other aspects of the city's life remained ambiguous , this might be a result due to the shortage of the city's relevant information in the references and for what the city's outskirts and their inhabitants suffered from the negligence policy and the vandalism adopted by the Mongol arbiters and their deputies throughout that time span. For this particular reason this study has been taken up in order to emphasize the city's political, administrative, ideological and social conditions during the Mongol occupation. Thus the superiority which the city enjoyed represents doubtlessly in itself the combined outcome of the political, social, ideological factors which the city witnessed throughout that period. Thus the city of Wasit declared its denial towards the Mongol occupation of Iraq and their invasion of Baghdad in year 1258 AD/ 656 H, and it uttered an actual resistance against the Mongol occupation regimes since the early days of the occupation, and there was an engagement between the inhabitants of Wasit and the Mongol forces led by the Mongol leader (Buqatimor) which the battle was described of having been fearsome and it resulted in the death of a considerable number of the city's inhabitants, although in making account of the violations such as killing, looting, and vandalism perpetrated by the Mongols owing to the policy they followed by governing the city affairs and looting its wealth, it remained in preservations of the political, administrative, economic and ideological supremacy. The political and the administrative status of Wasit during the Mongol (Ilkhanate) dominion were unstable, at times the city was linked to the city of Basrah as one administrative unit and other times it separates all according to the Mongol sultans and their goals and interests all over the country, despite that Wasit's inhabitants kept functioning actively in the political, administrative, and cultural events in spite of the measures applied by the Mongols and their deputies around the city in an effort to subordinate the people to their authority and this was illustrated by the orders given by the Mongol sultans of dispatching military campaigns to the city and its establishments where killing and looting were inevitable intentions unleashed upon the people. The researcher encountered a number of obstacles and some of them were referred to previously in relation to the shortage of the information and the scarcity of it particularly in which entails the general conditions in that era and especially the administrative and the social, therefore the research required an exhausting effort in collecting information and investigating it in addition to seeking numerous and various references in an effort to identify the role Wasit had politically and culturally throughout the Mongol era

مدينة مكناسة الزيتون دراسة في احوالها العامة خلال عصري الموحدين وبني مرين == City of Meknassa ez - Zeitoun during the Era of BeniMerin Dynasties and Muwahidin

اسم المؤلف: مروة عيدان وادي الاسدي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله عبد المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The issue of Meknassaez - Zeitoun City is one of the most important historical subjects neglected by researcher for many reasons. Prominent of these reasons is lack of available historical sources on this topic. This City was established during the reign of Idrisid Dynasty. The first reference to the City was made by Ibn Hazm at the end of Idrisie Era. Historians and geographers did not mention anything about the City until the enf of the Murabiteen (Al - moravid) Era.Sources have indicated that Al - moravid built walls around the City of Meknassaez - Zeitoun; they also set up a citadel to protect and defend the City from the attacks of Muwahidin; this citadel was called Takrart, and it is considered the first structure around which the City was developed and prospered after that in the eras of Muwahidin and BeniMerin. It is worth mentioning that this City was established by a one of the branches of Meknas Tribe who moved to that place in the mid of Hijri third century (corresponding to the nine century AD.) due to tribal conflicts between Meknass tribes. It was named Meknassaez - Zeitoun in order to be distinguished from MeknassaTaza which is the native land of Berber Meknassa Tribe. The city of Meknassaez - Zeitoun became an urban city after that, outshining other cities during the reign of Murabiteen. Later on, it became a full - blown city which had its political, social, economic, and intellectual features in the eras of Muwahideen and BeniMerin; it also became an important strategic and logistic place since it is located in the middle of commercial road between the City of Fes and Cella, the marine city which had been a center for the concentration of Muwahideen armies. This gave the city a special importance in the era of Al - Muwahideen and BeniMerin dynasties when it became a center for supplying armies with provisions and equipment. The afore - mentioned explains the important role of the Meknassaez - Zeitoun City through times, making it a subject worthy to be explored and studied. This study is to shed light on this important city which has a significant role in the history of Morocco, though its features started to dwindle due to its association with the City of Fes. It is well - known that the study of cities in any given period is not an easy task. A researcher should delve in historical sources which are few since only very few historians wrote about this city. This study faced some difficulties due to lack of studies on the subject of Meknassaez - Zeitoun in the era of Muwahideen and BeniMerin, and also due to lack of historical sources. Meknassaez - Zeitoun is only mentioned sporadically here and there. Besides, most of the sources do not mention some aspects of the city such as the establishment of the City and its founders. For these reason, it was a long and difficult way to walk through. I, however, decided to wade in this subject. I reviewed and read different sources and books which lightened the way for me until I reached to my destination. It is necessary to mention that this topic is not an easy one; rather, it is a very hard one, but the spirit of challenge was one of the reasons behind the completion of this study, despite all frustrations and pressure to leave writing on this subject, for the reasons afore - mentioned. The confidence of my honest supervisor Assistant Professor Mr. Mohammed Abdullah Al - Ma’mouri in my efforts enhanced this spirit of challenge, and we came out with an integrated and coherent academic study on this beautiful city.Chapters of the Study The nature of the study required to be divided into an introduction and three chapters, as well as a conclusion, annexes, Arabic and English references, and a summary abstract of the study in English. The introduction includes the topic and methodology of the study, and review of most important references of the study. Chapter one : this chapter is divided into three topics; the first one deals with the derivation of the name of the city, its location, rivers, villages and towns, as well as its description. Most of the information in this topic is derived from geographic sources. Topic two involves the political situation of the City since its foundation till the Muwahideen Reign. The last topic deals with the political situation of Meknassaez - Zeitoun during BeniMerin Reign. Chapter two : This chapter has the title “The social and economic life of Meknassaez - Zeitoun in the era of Muwahideen and BeniMerin dynasties”. It is divided into two topics; the first topic, social and religious life, sheds light on the population of thCe city comprising of Berber, Arabs, Andalusians, Romans, and Jews. These ethnicities had their own characteristics and social values. The topic also copes with the situation of women in theMeknassaez - Zeitoun society and its social institutions. It also deals with its most important ceremonies, customs, and behavior of individual and description of their houses. The second topic tackles the “Economic life” which explains the agricultural, commercial and industrial activities in the city. Chapter three : It is dedicated to the study of intellectual movement in Meknassaez - Zeitoun City. It is divided into four topics; the first topic deals with exploring educational institutions inMeknassaez - Zeitoun; the second one tackles the study of religious sciences which include reciting and interpretation of Quran, prophetic tradition, jurisprudence, and Sufism, along with most prominent scholars in each of these sciences whether a native of the City or those who resided in it and spread his knowledge in the City. Topic three involves linguistic sciences and their prominent scholars who excelled in this field whether a native of the City or those who resided in it and spread his knowledge in the City. The fourth topic deals with pure sciences. The conclusion of the study involves a general summary of the study and the main results of the study

مصطفى كامل حياته ودوره السياسي والفكري في مصر 1874 - 1908 == Mustafa Kamel political and intellectual life and its role in Egypt 1874 to 1908

اسم المؤلف: حامد كاظم حسن زرفي
اسم المشرف: مشتاق طالب حسين الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: DAI modern Egyptian history recently more attention by researchers and scholars in modern and contemporary history, as it began a remarkable tendency to study the national Egyptian figures who contributed in making the history of Egypt, I took many theses completed in the Iraqi academic institutions to study the life of national figures and their political impact on Egypt, which can be found on the Egyptian political history which Complementing these studies occurred optional tagged study (Mustafa Kamel political and intellectual life and its role in Egypt 1874 to 1908), one of the important figures, which played a pivotal role in the history of Egypt's political has Mustafa Kamel name coupled in a lot of political issues pertaining to Egypt at the local, regional and international level It encouraged me to that character study is the lack of academic study addressed in detail and show the national and political role played by Mustafa Kamel in Egypt's history of political and open the door for other researchers to study other national figures Addressed this figure Mustafa Kamel study national and his role during the events in Egypt since the second half of the nineteenth century to 1908, especially since the period of study bus political developments which was full of Mustafa big role in which it has seen a national movement in 1907 and the birth of the Egyptian political parties, which shares where Mustafa Kamel dramatically The study included an introduction and four chapters have been the first chapter devoted to the study of the emergence of Mustafa Kamel as divided into two sections address the topic first emergence of Mustafa Kamel and early political and intellectual work either second section examined the merits of cultural composition and was the second chapter entitled Mustafa Kamel and his call for national movement in Paris and consisted of three Investigation eat first section nature of his relationship with France, and manifestations of France's support for him, either the second topic was France's position on the national movement led by Mustafa Kamel during the reign of Khedive Abbas II, and was the third section titled position Englishmen of support France Mostafa Kamel National Movement The third chapter was titled intellectual and political position from some Egyptian issues have been Chapter divided into three Investigation, eating section first position of the Islamic University and eat the second topic position of reconciliation friendly (French - British) 1904 The third section took up his position on the incident Denshawai 1906 was the fourth chapter titled it was set up the National Democratic Party of Egypt in 1907 was divided into three sections, the first section dealt with the founding of the Egyptian National Democratic Party and the second topic addressed the National Party newspapers and devoted the third section and the latter to the National Party's position on other national parties, then the death of Mustafa Kamel in 1908.

دمشق دراسة في احوالها السياسية والحضارية 264 - 359 هـ == Damascus study in its Political and cultural conditions 264 - 359 h

اسم المؤلف: علي رحمن وحيد الموسوي
اسم المشرف: فراس سليم حياوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The city of Damascus, which is considered one of the oldest cities in the history,received an important place in the Arab - Islamic history because of the political and cultural role it played by virtue of its geographical location and its flourishing economy, whether in the era of the Umayyad ,who placed in special care as it was the capital of their state and the center of their rule, and even in later ages, the city has maintained its importance and its impact on the political and cultural life throughout the Abbasid era, despite the large number of wars and unrest and strife that has befallen the city, especially in the midst of the conflict that has arisen between the Abbasid Caliphate in Damascus and greedypeople like Ataiwlaunayn and Qaramita and Alakhcidiin and others . The importance of this topic , which was proposed by my supervisor Dr. Firas Salim Hayawi graciously, is that it reviews the history of the city of Damascus political and intellectual period (264 - 359h / 877 - 969m) . The cityhas witnessed many events filled with turmoil, wars and greedy invasions to seize the city like Qaramita, Muhammad ibn Ra'iq and Al Hamdanyen then the Fatimids, and highlighted the role of its people in resistance to these ambitions and their contribution to the direct conflict between the various parties to the conflict through their support for the party at the expense of the other party, in addition to that Damascus has witnessed in this period for the first time since the emergence of Islam exit from the direct authority of the caliphate and subject to the authority of a semi - autonomous power from succession.because of the weakness of the Abbasid state . as a result of the direct influence of the Turkish leaders on the successors . In spite of wars and turmoilwhich the city experienced, we found that the pace of the intellectual movement which did not subside or become lukewarm, but the city witnessed in this period, the emergence of many scientists in various science and knowledge fields, and the scientific institutions also prospered , moreover it was a meeting place for the scientists from different parts of the Muslim world at the time . This paper included preface and four chapters as well as the introduction and conclusion, the preface has included a study of the city in terms of geographical naming origin and date of construction and the importance of location and description, and its climate . The first chapter which is entitled (Damascus under the sovereignty Tulunid 264 - 292h / 877 - 904m) to cover the political life in Damascus in the reign Tulunid, including the reign of Ahmed Ibn Tulun and how he controlled the city, and his struggle with the Al Muafaq Al Abbasi, then Damascus during the reign of his son Khumarawaih and his war with the caliph Mu'tadid in Allah , and then his death in Damascus, this chapter also included Damascus in the era of the weak Tulunidprinces and out of their control, and in the end of the chapter we talked about Qaramita attacks on the city and its return to the Abbasid rule . The second chapter, which entitled (the political situation in Damascus from the period (292 - 359h / 904 - 969m) to study the political life in the city during this period, so that it covered the period of the Abbasid control and what movementsit witnessed until the year (323 AH / 934 AD), when Damascus becamea subsidiary of the emirate Alikhchidii in Egypt, which was founded by the formerWali Damascus Mohammed bin Tgj Alikhchid, then we reviewed the conflict on rounds of the city between Alakhcidiin and Muhammad ibn Ra'iq and Saif Al Dawlla Al - Hamdani, we discussed the role of its people in these confrontations, and then we talked about the return of Qaramita to attack Damascus, and how the Fatimid army enter it after bloody battles with its people . The third chapter is marked with (educational institutions) studied the most important educational institutions in Damascus likeketatib, mosques and the scientists houses and shops Al woracan, and its prominent role in the dissemination of education and prosperity, and it preceded by a talk about the most important factors that have helped to flourish intellectual movement in Damascus and the Islamic world at the time . While the fourth chapter devoted to the study of science in its various branches, which grew and flourished in Damascus at the time due to the efforts of a number of senior scientists in each branch of them, so we reviewed the religious sciences of modern jurisprudence and others that have had the largest part of the large number of Damascenes specialists scientists as well as entrants scientists to Damascus to spread religious sciences in it . and listen to its scientists, moreover we dealt with the most important human sciences and pure science which has witnessed the emergence of skilled scientists who had their activities and contributions to the prosperity of this science during the period of the study , And thus we decided to mention that some scientists Trajman repeated in a number of fields of science and knowledge because they encyclopedic scientists have diverse scientific activity, so it was necessary for us to mention their role in every field of scientific excel in it. One of the difficulties and obstacles faced by the researcher in this study, the scarcity of some sources, also what is available of it which was often characterized by the scarcity of information in regards to Damascus, as well as the inconsistency between the source and another in some recitation , making the researcher with a dilemma in how to extract information the closest to reality and the truth, in spite of all this we have tried to overcome these obstacles with the aid of sources and references, and available research to come out with as clearly as possible picture to the political and intellectual life of Damascus during the period of study, and perfect, but God alone.

عبدالله الموسوي الشيرازي 1892 - 1984م : دراسة تاريخية == Abdullah Al - Musawi Al - shirazi (1892 - 1984 A.D) A Historcal study

اسم المؤلف: كوثر رشيد عبيد عبد العباس الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: فلاح محمود خضر البياتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Undouptedly , The studies that deal with religious characters are so important in terms of its social and religious impact ,especially when the character under study has his own powerful effect , in both of Iran and Iraq , and in the whole Islamic world .Thus , Abdullah AL - shirazi is one of the most powerful characters and what has been translated of his opinions reflects the history of his era and gives an idea of his national movement in Iran and Iraq which is on important element for the Arabic - Islamic history. The study consists of on introduction , four sections , and a conclusion .The first section is entitled '' Abdullah AL - Shirazi , his environment and life'' , and it contained four subtitles .The first subtitle was entitled '' Shiraz city , the social , economic and administrative status 1892 - 1918 A.D'' .The second subtitle deals with'' the Scientific and Mental movement in Shiraz 1892 - 1918 A.D'' '.The third is dedicated to' 'The City of Shiraz under the Constitutional revolution in Iran 1905 - 1911 A.D'' , whereas the fourth deals with'' Abdullah AL - Shirazi , his birth growth and features''. The second section is entitled ''The Study of Abdullah AL - Shirazi in Najaf and his Scientific and Social efforts'' .This is also divided into four sub sections which are : ''His movement to Najaf and his study in it'' , ''His teachers in his study life'' , ''His efforts in publishing and teaching'' and ''His role in establishing scientific and social institutions''. The third section focused on ''The opinions of Abdullah AL - Shirazi regarding the political events in Iran 1926 - 1980 A.D'' which is covered in three subtitles : ''His opinions regarding the political events in Iran 1926 - 1936 A.D'' , ''His opinions regarding the political events in Iran 1936 - 1975 A.D'' and ''His opinions regarding the Islamic revolution in Iron 1975 - 1980 A.D''.The fourth section covers the opinions of sayid Abdullah AL - Shirazi regarding Arabic issues and it is divided into : ''His opinions regarding the Iraqi political and religious issues'' , ''His opinions regarding the Arabic - Zhionist quarrel'' and ''His opinions regarding the political events in Lebanon 1978 - 1982 A.D''.The researcher depended on many sources to obtain the original documents , especially those in Persian language from the university of Shiraz and the university of ferdausi in addition to the documentary center of Islamic revolution in Iran as well as the son and friends of sayid Abdullah Al - Shirazi , these sources helped in giving extra information about him.In addition , some of the Arabic sources helped in giving more details about AL - Shirazi , especially during his life in Iraq , his views concerning the current developments at that time , his departure from Iraq to Iran and his participation in the Islamic revolution in Iran 1979 until his death in 1984 A.D.The confidential documents enriched the thesis with different details that helped in studying the career of sayid Abdullah AL - Shirazi .Finally , I ask Allah to help and guide everyone to the best , and peace be upon you

امارة الري في العهد البويهي : دراسة في احوالها الادارية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية == Irrigation Emirate in El Bouihi Reign A Study in its Administrative , Economic & Social Conditions

اسم المؤلف: هديل عواد نعيم
اسم المشرف: سلام علي مزعل الجابري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the emirate of Al - rai in Buyids (Albuehyeen) era, and the study of administrative, economic and social their conditions. As it is that the emirate one of the three Emirates Albuehiyah formed the beginning of the fourth century AH/tenth century , after the three brothers, Ali and Mohammed Hassan , children Boueh from appearing on political events scene and were able Shortly control over vast areas of Iran and Iraq and the division What made him king among them was the emirate of , Persia and Shiraz its capital share of Big Brother Ali bin Boueh (Emad State) and the emirate of irrigation share of middle brother Hassan bin Boueh ( corner ( Rukn ) of State ) The younger brother Ahmed ( Moez State ) was the share of Iraq, which was able to control in the year 334 AH. The emirate of Al - rai got independence as the same with their counterparts of other Emirates Albuehiyah except for four years undergone where the authority of ( Adhad of State ) the price of Persia , who extend his influence and control over all Emirates Albuehiyah annexation of Iraq 367 AH and Al - rai 369 AH and Baghdad as capital and the case remained on What is it until his death in 372 AH. After that the emirate of Al - rai came back to independence and self - rule , which handed down the children after the parents It was the importance of those emirate in various aspects of political and ( Civilization ) cultural history in the Muslim cause in her study.Among the difficulties faced the researcher ( scholar ) in this study is the lack of information on many aspects and this is the result of the loss of some sources, specific in the Albuehi's history such a large section of the book tail Nations experiences (Rodhiraora) and most of the history book ( Sabi ) , as well as mostIIparts of the Book of Ministers ( Sabi ) , and this created some lack of information is what other sources could not filled.The material of the project had divided into four chapters : The first chapter devoted to the study of the origin Buyids (Albuehyeen) and political appearance and divided into three sections : the first which dealt with Buyids (Albuehyeen) and growing up, and the second was about the political appearance on the scene While the final section of chapter devoted to the study of the control of the irrigation Buyids ( Albuehyeen ) province with a geographical study of the province.The second chapter was to study the administrative conditions in the emirate of AL - rai and has divided into three sections also dealt by the emirate , the ministry and government offices respectively.While the third chapter is devoted to the study of economic conditions and we dealt with the first geographic region and the impact on economic activity and then we dealt with agriculture , industry , trade and in the final of the chapter of the study to assess the economic activity in the region.The fourth and final chapter of the study of social conditions and also divided into three sections. The first about the study of the society , while the second section about the classes of society while the last section about the study of the social aspects in the region.

مصر وبلاد الشام في عصر دولة المماليك البحرية من خلال كتب الرحالة والبلدانيين : دراسة في الحياة العامة (648 - 784هـ/1250 - 1382م) == Egypt and Sham in Mamluke Naval State Era Through Travelers and Statemen Books : A Study in the General Life ( 1382 - 1250 AD / 648 - 784 H )

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحكيم صالح عبد القادر
اسم المشرف: محمود فياض حمادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study includes five chapters with different number of pages for each due to the information each one has. Chapter one deals with shedding light on Mamluke and the reason why they are named as such and on their origins. It also deals with how they came to the Islamic world and to the Arab Homeland in general ad to Egypt in particular. Besides, this chapter focus on how they appeared in the political setting and how they saved the Islamic world from Mangol and how faced their army who destroyed everything they passed - by without mercilessly. It also covers the restoration of the Abbasside Caliph and moving it from Baghdad into Egypt after it was invaded by Mangol in 656 H. The second chapter covers the political and administrative sides during Mamluke era . It also covers the highest posts in Mamluke state , their salaries and sultan's gifts for them. Chapter three is dedicated to the economic and social sides like agriculture , industry , minerals , trade , scales , rivers , lakes , gulfs , bridges building and growing some of the plants. This chapter makes a mention for the existence of some minerals in these regions. It focuses on the social side in Egypt and Sham which demonstrates their clothes and chevrons which they were wearing when sultan was out or in Fridays or in Ceremonies. Chapter four is about the scientific and intellectual sides in the Mamluke naval state. It covers some of the science and scientists. It also makes a mention for the schools and the interest mamluke showed to encourage the scientists and scholars when they tended to gift them. Finally, chapter five encompasses the religious side . It covers how Mamluke were interested in building mosques and the pillars that were hanging the covering of the Kaaba. It also sheds light on the interest in pilgrims and how they were facilitating their caravans as led by one of the princes chosen by sultan for that mission in a great ceremony. It shows how sultan helped those pilgrims who were unable to afford pilgrimage expenses and costs and those who were handicapped to carry them to Hejaz with great protection.

غوستاف ستريزمان واثره في السياسة الالمانية 1878 - 1929 == Gustav Stresemann and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)

اسم المؤلف: لــؤي تـوفيق حسن
اسم المشرف: منتهى عذاب ذويب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studying historical figures and their impact on different fields is regarded as one of the important studies for understanding different historical events that lead to economic, social, political, and intellectual developments. On this basis, the topic of this study was "Gustav Streseman and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)" for shedding the light on this important figure in the modern and contemporary history of Germany. He saved no effort to get Germany out of its international isolation and building relations with European countries based on peace and respect ,especially with France regarding the interests of his country. This choice was also made by the encouragement of my respectful professor Dr. Muntaha Athaab and her support in studying European history.The study consisted of an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion that contained the most important findings of the study. The first chapter discussed the social and intellectual life of Streseman as well as his early political work. It talked about his birth and the family he descended from, his education in the different stages, his mentors. It also discussed his life in university and the emergence of his political tendency by entering the field of politics and joining the National Liberal Party, then, his election as a member in the Reichstag and the chairmanship of the economic committee until 1912.The second chapter discussed Streseman's role in the National Liberal Party and the Reichstag 1912 - 1918. It started by stating the role of Streseman in the party and heading the economic committee as well as winning second term in the Reichstag in 1914 and his second heading of the economic committee. It also discussed his attitude towards Germany's declaring of war against France in 1914. It also highlighted his role in the Reichstag in making amendments in the German constitution, and resolving the crisis of 1917.The third chapter investigated the role of Streseman in the Peoples Party, Reichstag and Chancellery between 1918 - 1923. It included his stand in the coup of Berlin in 1918 and his political stands in the Peoples Party 1919 - 1922. This chapter also illustrated his political role in heading the foreign affairs committee in the Reichstag until becoming the chancellor in 1923, as well as his chancellorship in August 1923 and his internal policy through the reformative decisions he made; his campaigns against the communists in different places in Germany; and his foreign policy with France in resolving the invasion of the Ruhr region.The fourth chapter focused on the role of Streseman in the foreign policy of his country in his foreign ministry 1923 - 1929 which is the year of his death as well as his role in the Peoples Party. The chapter highlighted his efforts in resolving the problem of compensations with France and the rejection of the Geneva Protocol project proposed by France to ensure its boarders with Germany. This chapter also discussed his political role and efforts in establishing Locarno Convention until his death in 1929. The study has reached the following conclusions : 1. The attention that Streseman had by his family, their adherence that he should continue his study made him a good reader and curious which led to excellency, admiration of his mentors, his high self - esteem, the passion to renew and change, and later, fame.2. The beginnings of his intellectual awareness were his observations of the disadvantages and advantages of religious men and their exploitation of people under the cover of religion. On this basis, he believed that the religious men should not interfere with politics. After he joined the university, the idea of entering the field of politics became to crystalize in his mind. After he became interested in politics and intellectuality, he began studying history very carefully, especially the history of Germany. After he studied the personality of Bismarck, he became interested in him and learned a lot from him. This was obvious in his policy (as will be shown in the study).3. Through his study of the history of Germany and the policy of Bismarck, Streseman realized the importance of economy for every country in the world. This is why he studied political economics in his masters and doctorate degrees as he believed in the necessity of developing and pushing the German economy forward to achieve development in all the aspects and resolve many social problems, especially the poor class. 4. Streseman also realized that developing economy needs political stability of his country and solving the problems with France like the problem of compensations and the invasion of the Rohr region. He started with important steps in this respect. The first step was to get Germany out of its isolation and building strong diplomatic relations with the other European countries, then starting to resolve the problems with France. Streseman preferred peace and resolving political disagreements by reasoning and dialogue between all the countries due to his sincerity in serving his country and reaching the level of developed European countries. This is what he achieved when he ran the foreign ministry.

الواقع الصحي والتعليمي في لواء ديالى للمدة 1958 - 1921

اسم المؤلف: نور فاضل حمزة
اسم المشرف: قحطان حميد كاظم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

محمد البشير الابراهيمي واثره الاصلاحي والسياسي في الجزائر 1889 - 1965 == Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and His Reforming and Political Impact in Algeria 1889 - 1965

اسم المؤلف: سولاف عبد الرحمن ناجي
اسم المشرف: هزبر حسن شالوخ
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In tracing the personality of Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and his reforming and political impact in Algeria (1889 - 1965), it is concluded that : His birth was during the circumstances accompanying the French colonization of Algeria which adopted killing and usurping Algerian lands as an effective weapon to restrict and lessen revolutions against it. Through his first years on, he has known the processes and policy of colonialism followed to Franchise Algeria and changing its identity. He felt that painful reality till he adapted himself to be as good as those challenges.Al - Ebrahimi has followed the same route adopted by other reformers which is in travelling and learning in the Arabian Orient for the sake of knowledge and getting rid of the French occupation. Thus, he went through the most important scientific centers like Egypt, al - Madinah al - Monawarah and Damascus. He, therefore, had lots of students who were fascinated by his spectacular personality and wide knowledge.The study delineated his status in carrying the message of humanity via his influence by Islamic modernists and thinkers as Jamal Eddin Al - Afghani and Mohammed Abda among others. His appearance was in concordance with the emergence of great scholars as his generation was the generation of paramount scholars for their clear approach was reformation, revival, rejecting colonialization and not standing in its side. This is proved in the incident when France wanted from certain parties to stand by its side in WWII, at that time, Al - Ebrahimi stood firmly against that notion, a fact that led to his imprisonment twice.His efforts with his companions were fruitful as exemplified in their establishing Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly in 1931 along with Bin Badis and he was appointed a deputy of the Assembly. In this role he was characterized by doing great missions in the Assembly seen in his travels among Algerian villages and cities in spite of French spies and Algerian traitors who were spying on his activities and those of his companions. Nevertheless, he was able to accomplish many educational and cultural enterprises set to develop Algerian youths' abilities to fetch a way for independence through his lessons and lectures in the disciplinary clubs.Al - Ebrahimi has walked in the reforming approach that characterized him and other reformers which is based on educating Algerians and revolting against the reality that was effected by colonialization and Methodism and things he was suffering from due to the French invasion and the Methodism that was moving hand in hand with colonialism. Thus, he emphasized the Algerian Islamic identity and Arabic language being the language of the Glorious Quran and Prophet's (peace be upon him) tradition so as to lead the society back to its Arabian origins and cleansing it of those policies and what has resulted from them on all levels and among all Algerian people.Moreover, he made use of Albasaer and other newspapers as a platform to spread the word of truth he sought to defend since he was in Algeria and continued to defend out of Algeria in Eastern Arab countries which became a cornerstone of defending the Algerian cause. He, and his companions in Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly, became the basis of Algerian renaissance as well as the front that is aiming at exposing the colonialist policy and standing against occupation. Therefore, the occupation authorities stood against the activities of the Assembly andending its reforming role, yet the Assembly and its men continued their activities via sticking to the principles and methods it was built upon.Furthermore, his nationalist notions that were characterized by the call to reformation were not regional focusing only on Algeria, his vision was based on serving all Arabic and Islamic causes he defended using his pen and tongue whether in his stay on Algeria or in the Arabian Orient, clarifying thus the Arabic flavor of North Africa. Therefore, his thoughts were nationalistic and comprehensive in order to achieve the dreams of Arab countries consuming his pen and thought in an attempt to bring back the glories of the Arab Islamic Civilization.His efforts extended to establish various associations (Lovers of and Rhetoric and Freedom, the High Committee Defending and Respecting Freedom, the High Committee for Helping Palestine, and others). These associations aimed at freeing Algeria and the Arab countries from colonial dominance. Through them, the Algerian and Arab youths became active for the sake of the Algerian cause.What has characterized his political work is that he was patient, i.e., believing in the part to reach the whole. Thus his demands were bringing back the ingredients of the fighting Algerian personality, enforcing the national identity and dedication for the sake of independence.The fruit of his efforts were apparent in opening wide horizons in the Arab Orient for academic scholarships sponsored by the Scholars Assembly to Arab and Islamic countries to be supervised by him and to travel from country to another to safeguard admissions in these countries and returning back home to improve and develop the scientific environment. This is due to his belief that renaissance lies within those people and what knowledge and sciences they would get is to serve thescientific and cultural movement with quick steps for the need of the Algerians.His travels inside and outside of Algeria made of him a reforming figure who is known among Algerians through his lectures and lessons to Algerians in villages and cities. This experiment afforded him the responsibility to lead Algeria towards the freedom revolution. Abroad, he became famous by means of meeting various scholars, thinkers and many political figures, a fact that labelled him well - known to a great extent.He spent all his life in strife and put his varied talents to serve his country, religion and nation. To this objective, he sacrificed man's dearest things of money, family, welfare and positions and endured a life full of tiredness, sickness, wakefulness and alienation.He was a faithful ambassador for his country for he spread the Algerian cause all over the world locations he visited in order to support it thanks to his pen and tongue. He also roamed Arab Orient countries for the sake of achieving a support for the Algerian cause identifying thus the struggle of Algerians against France which wanted to erase its personality and isolate it from its Arabian and Islamic environment.He was among the pioneer fighters who labored hard to support the Algerian revolution and seeing its fruit. He welcomed the revolution in its second day of emergence while in Egypt calling for the unity of Algerians and investing this revolution for the objective of achieving a more sublime goal, which is, freeing all Algerian lands from French occupation, exerting to this aim all efforts to make Algeria free as other Arab countries that got rid of colonial occupation to see Algeria as a whole fully independent and to dismiss the occupation and its supporters out of Algerian lands.
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