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تحليل الخطاب النقدي في الاساءة للنساء في امثال اميركية وبريطانية مختارة == A Critical Discourse Analysis of Women’s Degradation in Selected American and British Proverbs

اسم المؤلف: علي شمال كزار
اسم المشرف: بشرى نعمة راشد
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2024
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Text Linguistics
  • Critical Discourse Analysis
  • Discourse Analysis
  • proverbs
المستخلص: This study sets out to examine women’s degradation in terms of gender inequality in American and British proverbs. The connection between gender relations, language, and the culture of the American and the British community is the aim of this study. The ideology is the reason why this study has set out to investigate women’s degradation in English proverbs; by analyzing English women's proverbial discourse. Additionally, another vital reason is the lack of conducting a critical discourse analysis in the field of proverbs related to women. Moreover, in recent years, feminist critical discourse analysis tries to challenge and change the way women are degraded and subordinated across cultures in general and in the American and British cultures in particular. These negative stereotypes are considered as negative prejudices with regard to ambivalent sexism. Women’s inferiority can be seen in the English proverbs that see women as a burden to the man’s responsibilities in life. These ideas and meanings are seen as social practices which are extremely tied to the social and cultural context in which the type of discourse may occur. Therefore, this study aims at identifying women’s degradation in American and British proverbs by using a thematic classification of the proverbs relating to women. Furthermore, this study hypothesizes that English proverbs present women as a controlled group because of men’s dominance over them, which is highly reflected in all themes of the proverbs. Forty proverbs have been selected from multiple printed texts to be the data of the study: Twenty proverbs are selected for each culture. A mixed-method research is utilized to reach the best understanding of the results of the study. This study includes an eclectic model: Kerschen’s (1998) English women’s proverbial discourse, Fairclough’s (1995) power and dominance, Lazar’s (2014) FCDA, and Glick and Fisk’s (1996) ambivalent sexism. The overall results of the study show that women receive misogynistic treatment in both cultures. Text and discourse practice are equal since they are concerned with the text and context of every proverb. Gender as ideological structure is shown as the higher item because both cultures degrade women due to the natural distribution of social roles between males and females. Competitive gender differentiation is the higher component in ambivalent sexism that shows women as not full competent as men, which justifies males’ structural control over women. Finally, women are negatively perceived in the entire discourse of the data, though critical discourse analysis and feminist movement have offered women an emancipatory perspective.
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تحليل تحاوري لمفهوم الازواج المتجاورة في روايات مختارة لاجاثا كرستي == A Conversational Analysis of Adjacency Pairs in Agatha Christie’s Selected Novels

اسم المؤلف: هديل مؤيد عبد القادر محمود
اسم المشرف: بيداء عباس غبن الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2024
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • adjacency pairs
  • second pair part
  • first pair part
  • conversational analysis
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study examines how adjacency pairs (APs) are key in conversation analysis, especially in Agatha Christie's detective novels. APs, comprised of a first pair part (FPP) and a second pair part (SPP), help us understand dialogue structures and meanings. The study aims to identify and categorize common AP patterns in Christie's works, determine the most dominant pattern, and investigate how she uses a specific AP pattern to impart a unique touch to her novels. It also identifies which second pair parts are preferred or dispreferred, and which one is more common in her novels. Based on these aims, the study proposes these hypotheses: First, common types of adjacency pairs in Agatha Christie's novels are (Questions - Answers), (Announcements - Acknowledgments), and (Requests - Acceptance). Second, the (Question – Answer /Clarification) pattern is the most dominant. Third, the (Announcement - Acknowledgment/Denial) pattern is used in unexpected ways to identify the criminal. Finally, preferred second parts are more common than dispreferred ones in these novels. To test these hypotheses, two of Christie's detective novels, “The Murder of Roger Ackroyd” and “The Clocks”, are analyzed using models from Coulthard (1985), Clark (1996), Schegloff (2007), and Paltridge (2012). The analysis uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study concludes that the adjacency pair (Announcement – Acknowledgement) serves a crucial function, particularly when the inspector confronts the criminal. It is used the opposite of what it is. The inspector strategically collects information, announces it to the suspect, and seeks acceptance. Moreover, (Question-Answer) interactions VII underscore the significance of inquiry and response in driving the plot forward, showcasing Christie's adept use of dialogue to unravel mysteries. Writers can enhance their narratives by using adjacency pairs effectively, as Agatha Christie does with (Question-Answer), (Announcement – Acknowledgement/Decline), and (Request-Acceptance/Refusal). Screenwriters can improve adaptations of Christie's works by understanding the importance of adjacency pairs in dialogue. These insights can be used as case studies in literature or linguistics courses to illustrate effective linguistic devices. Aspiring authors can use these pairs to enhance storytelling, build tension, reveal plot points, and shape characters. Editors in mystery genres should consider these pairs to improve narrative coherence. Police officers can use specific adjacency pairs to get confessions from criminals. Finally, the study offers recommendations for further research.
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دراسة تداولية لدلالات المعنى الموقفية في خطابات سياسية امريكية وبريطانية مختارة == A Pragmatic Study of Modality Markers in Selected American and British Political Speeches

اسم المؤلف: ندى حمزة عباس
اسم المشرف: بيداء عباس غبن
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2024
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • دلالات المعنى الموقفية
  • دراسة تداولية
  • خطابات سياسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد دلالات المعنى الموقفية تعبيرات لغوية تلعب دورا حيويا في تشكيل المعنى والتفاعل من خلال نقل درجات من اليقين، والالتزام، والاحتمالية. تحلل هذه الدراسة دلالات المعنى الموقفية في الخطب السياسية الامريكية والبريطانية، مع التركيز على معانيها بدلا من اشكالها، وتستكشف تاثير السياق والثقافة على استخدام دلالات المعنى الموقفية من قبل اعضاء البرلمان والكونغرس. تتكون العينة المختارة من ثلاث خطب لاعضاء الكونغرس الامريكي وثلاث خطب لاعضاء البرلمان البريطاني، تم القاؤها في عامي ٢٠٢٢ و ٢٠٢٣ التي تم تحليلها بواسطة نماذج منتقاة من Acheoah (2015), Palmer (2001) و Bybee et al. (1994). قد تم افتراض ان دلالات المعنى الموقفية تعزز الصورة المجتمعية للسياسيين من خلال التعبير عن مستويات متفاوتة من اليقين وتستخدم بحذر لتجنب المخاطر التي قد تضر بسمعتهم. علاوة على ذلك، فان اختيارات معينة من دلالات المعنى الموقفية تعبر عن التضامن، والاستعداد للتفاوض، او الابتعاد الاستراتيجي عن قيمة الصدق للتصريحات، مع التزام المتحدثين البريطانيين بالقواعد اللغوية اكثر من نظرائهم الامريكيين. تعتمد الدراسة على منهج مختلط يجمع بين التحليل الكمي لقياس التكرار والتحليل النوعي لفحص المتغيرات السياقية. تكشف النتائج ان كلا من المجموعتين تستخدم دلالات معنى الالتزام بشكل متكرر للتعبير عن الالتزام وبناء الثقة. ومع ذلك، فان المتحدثين البريطانيين يركزون على دلالات معنى الاحتمالية للاشارة الى الالتزام بالحقيقة، في حين يعتمد المتحدثون الامريكيون على اليقين المستنتج لاظهار الثقة والمنطق. كما بينت الدراسة تحولات في دلالات المعنى الموقفية في السياقات الغامضة، مما يبرز الفروق الثقافية: من المتوقع ان يضيف المستمعون البريطانيون معنى الى الاقوال، في حين يستنتج المستمعون الامريكيون نوايا المتحدث. توضح هذه النتائج ان دلالات المعنى الموقفية تتاثر ثقافيا ويتم اختيارها بعناية من قبل السياسيين لاظهار الثقة والالتزام والصورة المجتمعية الايجابية.
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تحليل خطابي نقدي للعنف الاسري في التقارير الصحفية : دراسة تقابلية == A Critical Discourse Analysis of Domestic Violence in Press Reports: Contrastive Study

اسم المؤلف: سجى فالح حسن ذياب
اسم المشرف: منال جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2024
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Critical Discourse Analysis
  • Contrastive Study
  • Domestic Violence
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study explores domestic violence as a significant factor contributing to family instability, analyzing how it is represented in the media discourse of two distinct cultural contexts: English-speaking and Arabic-speaking societies. Specifically, the study examines press reports from the BBC (English) and Al-Arabiya (Arabic), offering a critical discourse analysis of their coverage. The primary focus lies in investigating the linguistic strategies each media outlet employs and how these strategies both reflect and shape societal perceptions of domestic violence. Additionally, the study examines the role of social and ideological beliefs in influencing the media's portrayal of domestic violence, particularly in relation to power dynamics and the potential justification or condemnation of abusive behavior. A further objective is to assess how the media's ideological positioning impacts the construction and dissemination of information regarding domestic violence to the audience. The study hypothesizes that English and Arabic media utilize distinct linguistic techniques, such as variations in lexicon and transitivity structures, which in turn influence public opinion differently. These linguistic choices are believed to be shaped by each society’s cultural and ideological framework. It is also hypothesized that English media tends to address domestic violence more assertively than Arabic media, given differences in societal openness and gender-related discourses. To test these hypotheses, an eclectic analytical model is adopted, combining Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework (1989, 1995), Fowler’s concept of language use and cultural imprint (1991), and Halliday’s transitivity and modality systems (2004). This model allows for a comprehensive analysis of selected press reports from both languages. A mixed-method approach is applied, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative techniques to ensure a nuanced understanding of the data. The findings reveal that in both cultural contexts, women are depicted as victims of oppression, but the underlying causes differ. In Arabic media, the oppression is predominantly linked to entrenched customs and traditions, while in English media, it is attributed more to historical gender inequalities and social dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis identifies clear differences in the linguistic strategies used. English reports tend to emphasize verbs and adjectives, constructing a dynamic and emotive narrative. In contrast, Arabic reports focus more on nouns and personal pronouns, contributing to a more static and culturally anchored portrayal. Both media types highlight physical abuse; however, Arabic reports give particular attention to verbal processes and cultural norms. Differences in modality usage are also significant: English reports frequently employ epistemic modality to express certainty and probability, whereas Arabic reports rely more on evidential and deontic modalities, reflecting differing cultural approaches to expressing authority, obligation, and judgment. Interestingly, the study finds that Arabic media offers more extensive coverage of domestic violence than English media. This is linked to specific cultural and legal factors, including concerns about privacy, family reputation, and community image. Despite these challenges, Arabic media appears more engaged with the topic, possibly due to heightened societal awareness. The study concludes with pedagogical implications, recommendations for media practitioners, and suggestions for further research into cross-cultural representations of domestic violence.
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دراسة لغوية للافعال الادائية في مختارات من برامج حوارية == A Linguistic Study of Performative Verbs in Selected Talk Shows

اسم المؤلف: ميرا عماد محمد علي ياسين
اسم المشرف: بيداء عباس غبن الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2024
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Performative Verbs
  • Talk Shows
  • Speech Acts
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ABSTRACT The current study employs a linguistic comparative approach to explore the interplay between performative verbs, pragmatic features, and syntactic structure in American and British talk shows. As John Langshaw Austin theorized (1962), performative verbs are linguistic expressions that describe an action and perform the action they describe. The problem of the study is that Both American and British cultures share English as a medium of communication, but there are still cultural differences. The study aims to determine how cultural differences in the use of performative verbs influence the dynamics and effectiveness of American and British talk show interviews. By examining the types and functions of performative verbs across cultural contexts, the study will explore how language choices shape the interaction between interviewer and interviewee. The present study aims to identify performative verbs and their types and functions, how the interviewer and interviewee use them to interact with power and culture relations, how to manipulate these verbs to gain and set power during the interview, determine the types of sentence structures, investigate the co-occurrence adverbs with performative verbs. The study proposes hypotheses based on previous aims: 1) Interviewers and interviewees will prioritize performative verbs that drive persuasion and construct power dynamics. 2) Interviewers use authoritative verbs more during introductions, and interviewees utilize justification during self-presentation. 3) Interviewers utilize more emotional verbs to connect with the audience. 4) These verbs will be used in specific sentence structures. 5) Specific adverbs will co-occur with performative verbs. Based on the analysis results, the validity is verified by hypotheses (1-2-3-4-5). Two talk shows have been selected as data for studying American and British talk shows: “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert,” and "The Graham Norton Show.” The study includes an eclectic model: Searle's (1976) speech act and Quirk et al.'s (1985) model of sentence types and adverbs functions. Mixed methods approach will be employed to achieve the aims and hypotheses of the thesis. The study concludes that American talk shows use reporting and describing performative verbs more than other types as they provide factual data and develop an objective point of view. While British talk shows convey information by reporting performative verbs, they are less concerned with personal opinions or assertiveness. The study reveals that culture determines the type of performative verbs preferred and how the options are conveyed. American talk shows are agreeable and persuasion-focused, while British talk shows are forceful and informative-looking. Adverbs co-occur with these verbs to strengthen or weaken their power. Finally, recommendations and suggestions for further studies have been proposed.
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