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التعددية السياسية في الفكر السياسي الاسلامي المعاصر

اسم المؤلف: مـعـد صالح حــسن العبيدي
اسم المشرف: مها عبد اللطيف حسن الحديثي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: There are many Quranic verses put us in front absolute truth should be considered by every mindful beings is the omni existence of the Allah, and the diversity of his creatures. We should admit that multipality and diversity beside the difference is a theological act that induced by Allah wisdom and indicated to it by Islamic doctrine from its essential sources : The Quran and prophetic tradition, Islamic doctrine urges us to positive diversity which guides to the acquaintance and cooperation in addition to intimacy, mean while it’s preventing the negative diversity and difference which lead the nation to fighting and mutual killing, and the last one is the worst according to Islamic doctrine and for the necessity of development which witnessed in all humaninty fields, some of Islamic thinkers and intellectuals, in plus to some Muslim pioneers, presented their opinions and ideas which related to the topic of diversity and differences in all it’s aspects, weather it is religious or cultural or even ethnic or political that enrich wildly the modern Islamic political thought, specially after the wide spreading of “Diversity” as term and a concept linked to western liberal political thought innorated by western thinkers like : Jean Jack rousseay and Jean luck. Islamic political thinkers endeavour to extract their pretext and evidences from Islamic doctrine sources for the purpose of coexistence with political diversity according to up mentioned rules so the thinkers divided in to groups, some of them refuse it definity and other who support it with some disciplinasy conditions, mean while the others who support it definitely in Islamic Society and every one of of them has its own pretext and justifications that addressed to enhance his position of this subject whether they are with or no. Despite nemurous supporters for the political diversity of Islamic society in context with Islamic doctrinal rules and its traditions but we should realize that all controversy about this topic among all political currents not considering more than the oritical intellictural debut if it’s not transferred to be applied as political act on reality wether it was in the past or in recent century, there is no Islamic society applying Islamic gouverning system complety according to religious teachings so that the interesting people in political systems affairs could emit their judgment at validity on political diversity in a such society or not. So all which exposed by a Islamic scientists and juriprudents and followed pioneers of modern Islamic political thoughts of their opinions in this concern not consider to be more than a vow for purportedly. Islamic society does not exist on the ground of reality in our recent century. In concerning with Iraqi Islamic political parties indicate in their intellectual programs the topic of political diversity of Islamic society but they are not come out of General outline which was drawing by modern Islamic political thought.

التنافس الصيني - الياباني في اقليم اسيا - الباسفيك == The Competition Of Chinese - Japanese In The Asia - Pacific

اسم المؤلف: حيدر زهير جاسم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: قحطان كاظم محمد الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • مفهوم التنافس
  • مفهوم النزاع
  • مفهوم الصراع اقليم اسيا - الباسفيك
  • قضايا التنافس
  • المتغيرات الذاتية
  • المتغيرات الموضوعية
  • محاور الشراكة الصينية - اليابانية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Asia - Pacific regions, very important, especially in the strategic, economic, cultural, as it plays a prominent role in building the international system in different historical stages and contributed to the formulation of strategies and course of world wars, as it contains the largest number of super and major powers that formed the present Prestige previous international balances as well as in the present and the future such as the United States of America, as well as the emerging major powers have steadily evolving hoped to play active roles, such as Japan, China, Russia and the two Koreas, as well as the Asian Tigers. States such as the roles of regional and international interests of their response to the growing capabilities, but acknowledges that some of them more or less to impose a kind of control over the region through effective strategy with a view to the leadership of the region and reading the main variables and determine the form of strategic interaction of the actors under the pretexts or arguments The most prominent of different security and stability to maintain a balance in the region. The importance of the international capabilities of limbs on the one hand, and the intrusion of the principles, values and goals with own goals and strategies of great powers and international actors outside the territory of the other hand, makes interest in the study of the region and its future and the imperative need for an international rather than regional only. The volume of overlapping international and regional goals of the parties concerned given the importance of another subject, as it unleashes for the minds who follow the jurisprudence of the interactions in the future of this region and orientation, particularly given limbs and the capacity of a wide range of this. In light of this fact, the competition is one of the forms of interactions territories, and because in large part designed for the type of influence in shaping the region, the capacity of most countries are the most room to guide interactions with the region, including two hundred regional and international orientation. Therefore, both China and Japan are the most influential in the region after the United States and to their history and their capabilities as well as the desire to exercise effective regional role. During the study found that Chinese competition - Japan Asia Pacific region over several stages, which reflected the nature of the environment, international and regional mechanisms, which contained the interactions of economic, political, security, which also revealed the nature of regional and international forces and transformations from the strategic national interests and their associated Regional policies fueled competition among them, Chinese relations - Japanese as one of the most important relations in international politics as the parties have important political, economic and strategic value to put us a clear example of the traditional ruling changing contexts of their relations and international and regional trends and what their interactions once in a while, in line with International changes, as well as enjoyed by the contents of these relations and major components of great importance stems from the importance of the Asia - Pacific, one of the largest regions in the world and contains natural resources, big markets, as well as high growth rates achieved by their countries and become the focus of world attention , It was due to enter the province in a wave of regional and international competition by the major powers and the majority as (United States and the European Union, China, Japan and Russia) these countries rush to accounted for the economic interests in the region, particularly China and Japan toward the States of the region for the benefit of the largest can get from the province. In addition to the substantive variables (regional and international), the self - variables (internal) of China and Japan has fueled competition between them, for China has contributed to both the development and the reforms conducted in all the aspects that made it grow steadily and World economy heading towards the revitalization of the economy contributing to growth of the Asia - Pacific, Through several means including : the payment of foreign companies to increase their investments in China, taking advantage of the facilities granted, and cheap labor, and promote trade and economic cooperation between China and countries of the region and stimulate its signing of important agreements and the formation of forums and new economic ties, as well as activating the role of Regional And work, with the aim of the regulation of economic activity in the region. For Japan, the self - interest and strive for a regional role to the move feared by the Chinese in the region and pushed it to find ways and mechanisms to deal with the nations of the region to counterbalance the Chinese terms, the policy of economic aid to win its states, restored diplomatic relations with those countries that suffered from Japanese military occupation Different time periods, and seek hard for the markets, natural resources and energy sources which abound in the Asian region.

اليمين الامريكي المحافظ ودوره في رسم الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة لمرحلة ما بعد الحرب الباردة == The Americans New - Conservative And His Role In Drawing The Inclusive Of Americans Strategy Deyond Post Cold War

اسم المؤلف: امنة علي سعيد
اسم المشرف: منعم صاحي حسين العمار
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الفكرالاستراتيجي الامريكي
  • اليمين المحافظ، المحافظون الجدد
  • المؤسسات الامريكية الرسمية
  • الهيمنة، الشرق الاوسط، العراق
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The American strategy depend,after 11spt.attack 2001,en important principle,to ,to understand and deal with the period of post - cold war word that characterized with huge risk (according to u.s.a)so the American thinkers,under the influences of neo - conservative,make new strategy that enables the American empire to organize a world which external enemies can to attack the most closer places to heart of the united states of America and it considerd overwhelmingly strikes to most symbol of pride for united states of America..As well as these risks formed a new challenges.over nationalism For this premise,the traditional strategies,like defense,containtment and deterrence strategies,are not sufficient after this period (era),so a new concept is devised this concept as amajor motivation (engine) to American foreign policy after 11 spt. Attack.This strategy represented by many of trends which represent emergence to role of cultural and intellectual valuation as wellas a supporter to movement of American foreign policy.because the intellectual directions are the foundation of American strategy. Out of these trends,the American neo - conservatives trend,which historical development to this trend raise many of historical and organizational contradictions alike. While some whom believes that is most important,to description the birth and existence of this trend,is that there no precise determination to links and foundations of strength neo - conservatives trend,farther than philosophical background and key governmental positions to some persons(of this trend)in Bush administration. While the others stress on practical historical argument include that key individuals of neo - conservatives trend in Bush administration are not new on American political scene where republican administrations since Nixon,Ford,Regn reaching to Bush administration. So the neo - conservative is the same old - conservative but the important her that the neo - conservative came in new period not determenated with considerations of cold war and it.diplomatic dictionary so what this group say and plan in closed (locked)room in private meeting now became more pronounced,especially after an absence of soviet union. However,the revolving door policy in American political life explain the truth of rotation specific set of power shifting from governmental positions to the managing of big companies or research center and return back to government when the apportunities of available to its performance and suit with the intellectual and political vision to this trend.is a same time still represent the interest of companies and research centers that come from. Bush administration in its strategy and its policy,represent organic alliance coalition between,what used to described,of American political scientists,as the (Iron triangle)to interest of the three parties,military - industrial complex,oil complex and financial consultant complex,and his base is the military - industerial complex,which stand behind huge military spending(expenditer)that reach it direct balance to half trillion dollars annually according to pentagon on 22|12|2003 However,the 11sept..attack of 2001 played vital role in emergence and vitality of this trend in addition to make decisive shift in American history.lt changes the pace and scope of American perception to international political situation and put in new effective political military direction aimed to deal with new reality (situation)in new direction effective and comprehensive. The 11|spt. Attacks produced new political view in American administration as a starting point in changing the rules of international environment.The change expectable here change in rule of international relations management and the systems of same states and the units that constitute mempership in international system.ln order to dedicated American unipolarity (only American pole) and control of the international system and generalized the principle of liberity which represent as standard to its policy from the moment of its involvement in international relations affairs.and considered it a gateway for reform of international system. Here the American new conservative has received uninterrupted support to his ideas and visions which had long linked with what international system should be which produced important motiviations for united states as an one pole in the world responsible on reform the international system which seems more than ever(any time),according to this trend, need to efforts of united states of America and trusted with its policy particularly in war against terrorism. So ,the war declared by united states of America after 11\spt..attacks 2001,represent as abeginning of new international period era not historical for united states of America only but it justified the struggles of along war different previous conflict during cold war.This war the mechanisms of conflict,possibilities and form of enmies are ditternt and vary in potentials and abilities and it awar include all forms of terrorism.which threatens American interest and then the interest of the interenational community. This idea have provide to new conservatives in addition to promotion of his idea give him growing ability to integrated his project in American comprehensive strategy that met with American interest and protection of American national security requirements of each threat. Even if the threat still,the American comprehensive strategy seems to be as impodied to what trend believed. So,how the situation reach at this point?This what have our study answer.