البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

المستخلص: ABSTRACT The current study is concerned with a pragmatic study of attack and defense acts that are used by Presidents Donald Trump and Joe Biden in the American Presidential Debate in 2020. The attack is an attempt to harm or defeat someone, and it means that the speaker or attacker does not like or disagree with the other opponent. On the contrary, defense means a person responds to an attack of his or her opponent. After an attack, the president either negates or fact-checks claims made by his opponents or tries to set the record straight. Such reactions of presidents to attacks are sometimes referred to as defending, and they are designed to refute accusations made by rivals. The debate is being watched and heard by the audience so that presidents employ their attacks to persuade both the audience and the opponent of their beliefs, opinions, and attitudes. Presidents also use defense to know the reaction of the audience, whether they are satisfied with their words and policies or not. This study aims to fill the gap and reduce its negative consequences. Attack and defense acts are important phenomena and they have negative effects as well as positive effects. The study is expected to answer the following questions: What are the pragmatic aspects of attack and defense used in the political debates of American presidents Joe Biden and Donald Trump? What are the reasons behind attack in the political debates? How do attack and defense acts of both presidents convey, directly or indirectly? What are the most frequent strategies of attack and defense utilized by the two presidents to formulate their speeches? The study aims to identify the usage of attack and defense acts in the American Presidential Debate in 2020 and focuses on the pragmatic analysis of attack and defense concerning illocutionary acts and impoliteness strategies. It also aims to identify the negative impact of an attack and the positive impact of defense and whether the presidents are succeeded in their defense against the attacker or not. In light of the above mentioned aims, the study hypothesizes that: first, both presidents utilize attack and defense acts as helpful tools to achieve specific purposes. Second, direct speech acts are more frequently used in the acts of both presidents than indirect speech ones. Third, President Trump uses attack and defense acts more than Biden. Fourth, the strategies of impoliteness used more frequently by Donald Trump than Joe Biden. Lastly, Trump is more prepared and disciplined than Biden during the debate. To achieve the aims of the study and verify the validity of the hypotheses, an eclectic model is adopted based on two models consisting of Searle’s (1975) "speech acts" and Culpeper’s (2005-2011) "impoliteness strategies". Before analyzing the data, the difference between attack-defense acts, the debates, and previous studies presented under the title theoretical framework. Then, a quantitative and qualitative research analysis with an overview of the collected data and biography of Trump and Biden are presented under the title methodology. The results of the study reveal that there are pragmatic aspects of language that can affect the usage of attack and defense acts in political debates of Trump and Biden like eye contact, facial expressions, and body language. The analysis also shows the acts of attack and defense which are identified to express the function of acts performed by both presidents. It has been noticed that both presidents Trump and Biden perform their acts directly to convey their beliefs, attitudes, and opinions towards each other's policy. Also, they use direct language to represent the factual, supportive and informative nature of the attacker or defender. Furthermore, the results of the analysis reveal that Donald Trump is the real master of impoliteness, but Biden, even when challenged with Trump's attacks directed at his family, frequently smiles, laughs, and shakes his head while closing his eyes. Both of them impose their presence and influence on the audience who watch them and attract their attention to the issues that they discuss during the debate.

الملخص:

المصادر:

تحليل الجنس الادبي للاغلفة الخارجية الخلفية للكتب العلمية والادبية == A GENRE ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE BOOKS BLURBS

اسم المؤلف: مريم كريم سعيد عزيز

اسم المشرف: محمود عباس داوود

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة الانكليزية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Books blurbs are considered as an individual genre, which has its own communicative purposes and linguistic features. More specifically, books blurbs are identified as a hybrid genre that belongs to a colony of promotional (advertising) genre. The main purpose of such a genre is not only to provide the prospective reader with information about what the book is about but it evaluates the quality of the book to make it more attractive to buy The current study aims to investigate the ways in which science books blurbs differ from or similar to literature books blurbs. It also aims to investigate the generic structure of books blurbs in terms of moves. Furthermore, this study explores the linguistics and what kinds of lexogrammar features are used in science and literature books blurbs. To meet these aims, this study focuses on fourteen science blurbs in different disciplines involving (Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Medicine, Biology, Computer Science and Agriculture) and fourteen literature books blurbs in four different disciplines involving (Novel, Drama, Poetry and literary criticism). These blurbs are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The data are analyzed by adopting Gea-Valor (2005) classifications of generic structure in terms of moves and linguistic features to identify the communicative purposes of books blurbs genre. In addition, Halliday’s transitivity system (2004) is adopted to analyze lexogrammar features for the purpose of identifying the communicative conventions of books blurbs genre. It has been hypothesized that science and literature books blurbs have a typical scheme of generic (rhetorical) structure and purposes. In addition, Blurbs are more promotional in nature than informational. Furthermore, science books II blurbs are longer; employ more familiar language when they are compared with literature books blurbs. The major findings revealed that, the variability between science and literature books blurbs is not highly marked, this imposes the controlled dynamism and flexibility in the integrity of books blurbs genre. Books blurbs are structured into different moves; each move performs a particular function. Different linguistic strategies are employed in science and literature books blurbs but imperative constructions are rarely used in science blurbs, it has been found only in computer science discipline while they are absent in literature blurbs. The texts of science books blurbs are longer than literature books blurbs. Science and literature books blurbs have the same tendencies in applying transitivity systems. Simple present and active voice are the dominant structures in both disciplines.

الاستراتيجيات التي يتبعها طلبة الجامعات العراقية متعلمو اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية في التفسير التداولي للافتراض المسبق == STRATEGIES FOLLOWED BY IRAQI EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE PRAMATIC INTERPRETATION OF PRESUPPOSITION

اسم المؤلف: هبة ابراهيم محمد المرسومي

اسم المشرف: عباس لطفي حسين

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

التضمين في النصوص الدينية الانكليزية والعربية == IMPLICITNESS IN ENGLISH AND ARABIC RELIGIOUS TEXTS

اسم المؤلف: زينب جليل ابراهيم علي خان

اسم المشرف: عباس لطفي حسين

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

اختبار الذاكرة الصوتية للنغمة والمقاطع المشددة للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة اجنبية == EXAMINING THE PHONOLOGICAL MEMORY OF TONE AND STRESSED SYLLABLES FOR IRAQI EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

اسم المؤلف: مهند خيري صبري

اسم المشرف: رافدة منصور الحلو

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

التنغيم في افلام ماساوية قديمة وحديثة مختارة : دراسة مقارنة == Intonation in Old and Modern Selected Tragic Movies: A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله عدي حسين

اسم المشرف: رافدة منصور محمد

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تحليل اجتماعي ادراكي لتمثيل المسلمين في صحف بريطانية مختارة == A Socio - Cognitive Analysis of Muslim Representation in Selected British Newspapers

اسم المؤلف: صبرا حسن غانم

اسم المشرف: احمد قدوري عبد

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

الانماط البلاغية والتراكيب الحجاجية في المقالات الجدلية للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية == Rhetorical Patterns and Argument Structures in Iraqi EFL University Students’ Argumentative Essays

اسم المؤلف: دعاء علي طاهر

اسم المشرف: سوسن عبد المنعم قاسم

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تحليل خطابي متعدد الوسائط لملصقات طبية مختارة في اللغتين العربية والانكليزية == A Multimodal discourse Analysis of Health Awareness in English and Arabic selected Medical Posters

اسم المؤلف: تقي كاظم فالح

اسم المشرف: سوسن عبد المنعم قاسم

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة تداولية لاسلوبي التادب والفظاظة في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي : حسابات النكات العرقية على التويتر انموذجا == A Pragmatic Analysis of (Im)politeness in Racial Humor on Social Media: The Case of Twitter Racial Joke Accounts

اسم المؤلف: تغريد عبد السلام عباس

اسم المشرف: استقلال حسن جعفر

الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية

السنة: 2022

الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى: