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نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 293

سياسات الدعم الحكومي في العراق بين مبررات التوسع ومتطلبات الاصلاح == The Policies of Subsidization in Iraq between expansion justifications and Reform Requirements

اسم المؤلف: حسن علي محمد ابراهيم العرباوي
اسم المشرف: حيدر نعمة بخيت
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

اشكاليات تطبيق عقد الاجارة في المصرفية الاسلامية == The Problematics of applying the Ijara Contract in the Islamic Banking

اسم المؤلف: خالد مزعل عليوي الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: حسن لطيف الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

التحليل الاقتصادي لنمط الاستهلاك في العراق == Economic Analysis Of The Consumption Pattern In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عباس عصفور لفتة
اسم المشرف: صادق علي طعان الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

مسار التنمية الاقتصادية في العراق المشاكل وسبل النهوض == The Path of Economic Development in Iraq : Problems and Methods of Advancement

اسم المؤلف: فاضل نعمه طاهـر الصريفي
اسم المشرف: كامل عـلاوي كاظـم الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

علم اصول الفقه الوظيفي واقعه وافاقه عند الشيعة الامامية == The Principles of Functional Jurisprudence for the Imamate Shiite

اسم المؤلف: جبار محارب عبد الله الفريجي
اسم المشرف: بلاسم عزيز شبيب
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الشريعة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

اشكاليات توظيف النص القراني لدى الحركات المتطرفة المعاصرة : دراسة تحليلية

اسم المؤلف: حسن كاظم هاشم الزاملي
اسم المشرف: محمد حسين علي الصغير
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الشريعة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر القواعد الفقهية في فقه القضاء والسياسات == The impact of general rules in the jurisprudence of the verdicts and policies

اسم المؤلف: ايات عبد الوهاب عبد الرزاق
اسم المشرف: محمد علي هاشم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الشريعة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

التجديد الفقهي عند الشيخ محمد مهدي شمس الدين : دراسة تحليلية == Renewal of jurisprudence when Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Shams Al - din Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: عدنان عبد خضير الزرفي
اسم المشرف: عبد الزهرة لفته الجبوري
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الشريعة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

صلاحية الدولة في تشريع الضرائب والرسوم : دراسة مقارنة مع الانظمة الوضعية == State Authorities of LegislatingTaxes and Duties A Compared with regimes positivism study

اسم المؤلف: زهراء جواد كاظم
اسم المشرف: حيدر محمد علي السهلاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الشريعة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

مبدا الحرية في الاقتصاد الاسلامي دراسة مقارنة بالانظمة الاقتصادية الوضعية

اسم المؤلف: هدى عباس محسن
اسم المشرف: محمد علي هاشم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الشريعة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

التسامح الديني : دراسة تحليلية == Jurisprudence Religious Tolerance (An analytical study)

اسم المؤلف: مسلم محسن عبود السوداني
اسم المشرف: وليد فرج الله الاسدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم الاسلامية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

نظرية الهيمنة في القران الكريم : دراسة تحليلية == Domination Theory in the Holy Qur'an An Analytic Study

اسم المؤلف: طلال فائق مجبل الكمالي
اسم المشرف: محمد حسين الصغير
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم الاسلامية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

مسالك الشروحات الحديثية وتوجهها الدلالي عند علماء الجمهور == Hadith Explanations Doctrines and their Semantic Direction the Great Majority

اسم المؤلف: ذكرى انعام غائب
اسم المشرف: حسين سامي شير علي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم الاسلامية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

التاصيل الفقهي لقانون هياة النزاهة العراقي رقم (30) لسنة 2011 م : دراسة مقارنة

اسم المؤلف: حسن مزيد ادريس الموسوي
اسم المشرف: شهرزاد عبد الكريم توفيق النعيمي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم الاسلامية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

التجويد واثره في المتلقي : دراسة في الاداء القراني == Intonation and its Effect on the Receiver A study in the Qur'an Performance

اسم المؤلف: احمد جاسم محمد
اسم المشرف: قاسم كتاب عطا الله
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

جهل المقلد بالاحكام الشرعية والاثار المترتبة عليه في الفقه الامامي

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة ابراهيم صالح
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير كاظم زاهد
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول الفقه
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

النص القراني في التعددية الدينية : دراسة في متطلبات الحوار الديني المعاصر == Effect of Qur'anic Text on the Religious Multiplicity A Study in the Contemporary Religious Dialogue Requirements

اسم المؤلف: نور مهدي كاظم الساعدي
اسم المشرف: ستار جبر حمود الاعرجي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم الاسلامية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • التعددية الدينية
  • الحوار الديني
  • النص القراني
الصفحات الاولى:

تنقية جزئية وتوصيف Biosurfactant من بكتريا Bacillus subtilis وتاثيرها على نمو بعض عزلات البكتريا والفطريات

اسم المؤلف: غـفـران فـلـيـح عـبد الـحـسـن عـزيـز الجـبـوري
اسم المشرف: فاطمة عبد الحسين مجبل التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم الحصول على 102عزلة من العزلات البكتيرية من 40 عينة من عينات الترب الملوثة بالنفط من مختلف المناطق ورشة عمل السيارات، محطات وقود السيارات، مصافي النفط ولخمسة مناطق مختلفة في العراق . خضعت كل هذه العزلات الى الفحص المجهري والخصائص الزرعية ووجد ان 80 عزلة منها تنتمي الى جنس Bacillus ، هذه العزلات خضعت ايضا لاختبارات بايوكيميائية وشخصت بناءا على دراسة rDNA 16S من قبل مجموعتين من البرايمرات (andB16SF B16SR) و(1492R and 27 F) اذ وجد ان 51 عزلة منها تعود الى Bacillus subtilis . تم فحص جميع هذه العزلات من حيث قدرتها على انتاج biosurfactant عن طريق فحص النشاط انحلال الدم على وسط دم الاغنام حيث وجد ان جميع العزلات كانت من النوع تحلل الدم بيتا حيث تم فحصها اعتمادا على قياس الشد السطحي بعد زراعتها في Jacques medium اظهرت النتائج ان 46 عزلة من 51 عزلة كانت منتجة biosurfactant , وقد تم اختيار ثمانية منها تميزت بانتاجها لهذا المركب وهي (S1,S2,S3 S4,S5,S6,S7,S8) حيث كانت العزلة B. subtilis S4 هي الاكفا في الانتاج لذلك اختيرت في الدراسات اللاحقة . تم استخلاص Biosurfactant الخام من العزلات المختارة بواسطة وتنقيته جزئيا باستخدام طريقة Ion exchange chromatography باستخدام DEAE - Cellulose تلاها طريقة Gel filtration chromatography باستخدام Sepharose - 6B . تمت دراسة خصائص المركبات المنقاة واظهرت النتائج ان الوزن الجزيئي biosurfactant التي تنتجهاB.subtilis S4 تراوح بين (1036 - 1058دالتون) من خلال جهاز HPLC - TOF - MS . اظهرت النتائج ان الحد الاقصى لانتاج biosurfactant من العزلة تم بطريقة استخدام زيت الزيتون (3٪) وكبريتات الامونيوم (0.3٪) وKH2PO4 (1.5) غم / لتر، وبدرجة حرارة 30 مº والاس الهايدروجيني (7) وفترة الحضانة لمدة 72 ساعة. وقد تحققت اعلى نسبة للـ biosurfactant بعد مكملات الظروف المثلى الى 0.3 غرام / لتر من الوسط الزرعي . تم اختبارالنشاط البكتيري والفطري للعزلات الثمانية ضد بعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض، وهي Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans , Candida tropicalis , Candida krusei , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergillus niger وكانت العزلة الاكثر فعالية هي B.subtilis S4 التي اظهرت وجود نشاط ضد كل مسببات الامراض ماعدا S.pneumonia ,P.aeruginosa ,C.krusei . كما بينت النتائج ان مستخلص العزلة B.subtilis S4 اظهر اعلى تثبيط نموعند التركيز 1500 مايكروغرام / مل وصل الى 24 ملم ضد E.coli، 23 ملم ضد K.aerogenes، 21 ملم ضد S.aureus، 15 ملم ضدC.albicans، 14 ملم ضد P.mirabilis، 11 ملم ضد C.tropicalis، وتثبيط نمو الفطريات، حيث وصل معدل النمو الشعاعي الى 31.9 ملم ضد A.niger و9.7 ملم ضد R.oryzae عند التركيز 2 ملغم / مل. كذلك اظهرت النتائج ان سمية المستخلص B.subtilis خارج الجسم الحي على ذكور الجرذان البيض بلغت حوالي 922 ملغم / كغم وتشير اذ ان الاعطاء اليومي biosurfactant لم تظهراي حالة وفاة في اي جرعة ، ولم تلاحظ اي تغييرات غير عادية في السلوك اوتاثيرات سمية خلال فترة 28 يوما من العلاج. واثبت التحاليل انه ليس هناك اي تاثير سلبي على معايير الدم الفسلجية وهذا يؤكد صحة هذه المستحضرات الحيوية للاستخدام . | About 102 bacterial isolates were obtained from 40 oil contaminated soil samples from various automobile work shop ,cars fuel stations ,oil refineries of five different areas in Iraq. Microscopic examination and cultural characteristics for all isolated were investigated , 80 isolates were found to be related to the genus Bacillus , Bacillus isolates were subjected to the biochemical tests and molecular identification based on the 16S rDNA by two sets of primers (B16SF and B16SR) , (27F and 1492R) of these 80 isolates revealed that 51 of the identified isolates belonged to Bacillus subtilis.All these isolates were screened for their ability for biosurfactant production through blood haemolysis activity on sheep blood agar indicated that all isolates were β - hemolysis while screening depended on measuring the lowering surface tension of cell free supernatant after cultivation in jacques medium which referred that 46 of 51 isolates were biosurfactant producers. Eight isolates were selected for the best biosurfactant producer isolatesCrude biosurfactants produced by the selected isolates were extracted by acid precipitation followed by partially purified with dichloromethane followed by purification and characteristics, the results showed that the molecular weight of biosurfactant produced by B.subtilis S4 ranging between 1036 - 1058 Da . Optimum conditions for biosurfactants production from B. subtilis S4 were determined. Results showed that maximum biosurfactant production from this isolate was achieved by using 3% olive oil , 0.3 % ammonium sulfate and 1.5 g / l Potassium dihydrogen phosphate ,at pH7,30 ºC and incubation period for 72 hrs. Maximum biosurfactant production was achieved after the supplementation of the optimum conditions was 0.3 g/l of culture medium .All of the eight isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity against twelve pathogenic microorganisms : Staphylococcus aureus ,Streptococcus pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella aerogenes,Candida albicans,C.tropicalis,C. krusei , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum.The most effective isolates were B.subtilis S4 which showed antimicrobial activity against some tested pathogens except S.pneumonia ,P. aeruginosa ,C.krusei and P.notatum.The results indicated that S4 culture extract showed high growth inhibition zone in concentration 1500 µg /ml reached to 24 , 23, 21, 15, 14 and 11 mm against E.coli , K.aerogenes , S.aureus , C.albicans, P.mirabilis,C.tropicalis respectively and high reduction in of radial growth of the fungi reached to 31.9 and 9.7 mm in A.niger and R.oryzae respectively at 2 mg /ml concentration .Study in vivo potential toxicity of B.subtilis lipopeptide biosurfactant towards male rat was evaluated. An LD50 value was determined to be about 922 mg / kg. Results show that daily administration of biosurfactant did not show any death cases at any dose. Also, no unusual changes in behavior and no intoxication were observed during the 28 days period of treatment. Analysis proved that there were no significant adverse effect on hematological parameters and this confirms the validity of those biopharmaceuticals on body of mammals.

حول النواة المشارك - ارتن للزمرة (Q2m D3) عندما m عدد زوجي == On Artin Cokernel of The Group (Q2m ? D3) When m is an Even Number

اسم المؤلف: زينة مكي كاظم كريم الشمري
اسم المشرف: نصر مرسول محمود البكاء
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The main purpose of this thesis, is determination of the cyclic decomposition of the abelian factor group AC(G) = R (G)/T(G) where G = Q2m×D3 and m is an even number,(the group of all Z - valued characters of G over the group of induced unit characters from all cyclic subgroups of G).We have found that the cyclic, decomposition AC(Q2m×D3) depends on the elementary divisor of m as follows.1. if m = 2 h , h is any positive integer, then : AC( Q2m×D3) = 4 We have also found the general form of Artin's characters table of Ar(Q2m×D3) when m is an even number.We have used the Matlab program to calculate some results of this thesis .

استخلاص نقطة الغيمة بالازدواج مع طريقة طيفية لاستخلاص وتقدير النيكل (??) والكوبلت (??) والبزموث (?I?) في نماذج مختلفة باستعمال مشتقي ازو مناسبين == Cloud point extraction coupled with spectroscopic method for separation, extraction and determination of Nickel( ?? ) , Cobalt( ?? ) and Bismuth ( I?? ) in different samples by use of suitable Azo - derivatives

اسم المؤلف: احمد صادق عبد هاشم الحمادي
اسم المشرف: شوكت كاظم جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Cloud point extraction methodology was used for separation, preconcentration and extraction cations for Bismuth(III) , Nickel(II) , Cobalt(II) as ion association complexes by two new laboratory prepared azo derivatives as complexing agents which are MIBSHA and AADAD as well as these new organic complexing agents studied spectrophotometricaly by UV - Vis spectroscopy and IR specrtrophotometry to confirm their structures and for the separation, preconcentration and extraction of the elements in this study which was performed as follows : 1 - Bismuth(III) Studies : At the beginning an experiment was conducted to determine the wave length of ion association complex of bismuth ion Bi(III) with new laboratory prepared complexing agent MIBSHA by UV - Vis, spectroscopy and the spectrum showed λmax=550nm. Under optimum conditions of extraction Bi(III), the study showed that pHex=9 was more stable for extraction and gave higher efficiency because at this acidic function, there exists the best coordination bounding between Bi(III) and MIBSHA in presence of 40 μg of Bi(III) as optimum concentration giving favorites thermodynamic equilibrium for complex formation and this method of extraction depends on using Non - ionic surfactant 1% Tritonx - 100. And experimental study showed that 0.5ml of this surfactant suitable for forming Cloud point layer (CPL) with higher density and smaller volume to give the best extraction efficiency for Bi(III) with high absorbance and distribution ratio (D). The extraction efficiency also increased with increasing MIBSHA concentration as linear relation because any increasing in MIBSHA concentration is mean increasing in ion pair complex concentration and suitability so increasing in the thermodynamic equilibrium partition to the CPL. And this reflects the sensitivity of new complexing agent MIBSHA in coordination binding and ion pair complex formation in addition to extraction CPE methodology which depends on heating. The experimental study shows that the optimum temperature of heating was (90°C) that gives higher extraction efficiency because it allow to reached the best thermodynamic equilibrium in Cloud point layer formation with good dehydration, as well thermodynamic data was ΔHex=0.145KJ mol - 1, ΔGex= - 73.786KJmol - 1and ΔSex=203.669Jmol - 1K - 1 whereas the low value of enthalpy for Demonstrate extraction to approach another ion of ion pair association complex, also the extraction method is entropic region, and the experimental study about the effect heating time was 20min was the optimum heating time which gives the higher extraction efficiency with high absorbance and distribution ratio D, as this time of heating helps to reach the optimum thermodynamic equilibrium of Cloud point layer formation CPLwith higher dehydration from other hand time of heating indicate the quantity of heat which162is help to dominate on the moving of micelles inside formation cloud point layer CPL with good properties of extraction. Stoichiometric study by using four spectrophotometric methods and the study revealed that the more probable structure of ion pair complex of Bismuth ion Bi(III) extracted was [1 : 1]+ anion [Bi(MIBSHA)]2+;2No3 - experimented study about synergism effect by using Tri butyl phosphate (TBP) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) show that the extraction efficiency for bismuth ion Bi(III) increased with the presence of TBP or MIBK in aqueous solution by the effect of TBP and MIBK participation in the complex formation of Bi(III) also the experiments showed that there is one molecule of TBP or MIBK enters in the structure of ion pair complex of Bi(III) as [Bi(MIBSHA)(TBP)]2+;2NO3 - ; [Bi(MIBSHA)(MIBK)]2+;2NO3 - and TBP or MIBK enter in the complex instead of water molecule in the hydration shell of Bi(III) and increase hydrophobicity of ion pair complex and increased rate of partitioning to the CPL. As well as this study involved experiments about interferences effects as well as electrolytes effect and these experiments illustrated interferences effect to decline extraction efficiency because these ions form ion pair complex with complexing agent MIBSHA , that means a decrease in complexing agent MIBSHA concentration to form ion pair complex with Bi(III) so that electrolytes affect by increasing extraction efficiency of Bi(III) by effect of increasing Dehydration and destroyed hydration shell of bismuth ion to increase the chances of binding with MIBSHA for more stable ion pair complex. Later, this method was used coupled with suitable spectrophotometric application in the separation and determination of bismuth (III) in different samples.2 - Studies about Nickel (II)For nickel ion Ni(II) extraction from aqueous solution as ion pair complex used new laboratory prepared complexing agent AADAD , the spectrophotometric study for ion pair complex on Ni(II extracted into CPL showed maximum absorbance peak at wave length λmax=585nm and through the experimental study to limit optimum conditions and effective parameters. The study demonstrated that the optimum pHex was (9) which gives the highest extraction efficiency for nickel ion Ni(II by use complexing agent AADAD, whereas at this pHex favorable binding was given to form ion pair complex of nickel ion Ni(II with high concentration and stability as well as the method CPE for extraction Ni(II needed 0.5ml of non - ionic surfactant 1% TritonX - 100 which is affected to reach favorable thermodynamic equilibrium for aggregation of micelles in the state CMC for CPL formation with good163properties for the ion pair complex extraction of Ni(II) as well this extraction efficiency appeared with the presence of 50μg Ni(II) in aqueous solution to reach the best thermodynamic equilibrium for ion pair complex formation. Increasing AADAD concentration showed the existence of linear relation with linear increase in absorbance and distribution ratio and linear increasing in concentration stability and partitioning to CPL ion pair complex of Ni(II whereas CPE methodology depends on the temperature of heating, the experiment showed that 80°C was the optimum temperature that gives the higher extraction efficiency of Ni(II with thermodynamic data ΔHex= 0.1126KJmol - 1 , ΔGex= - 58.19KJmol - 1 and ΔSex=165.16Jmol - 1K - 1 . These values prove that the ions of ion pair complex for Ni(II) extracted into CPL approached one another with a high gegree and the method of extraction was entropic in region. The experimental study about the effect of heating time showed that 15min was the best time of heating that allows to reach a higher extraction efficiency of CPE method. Time of heating indicates the kinetic side of extraction method as heating for 15min at 80°C gave the quantity of heating that hels to reach the favorable thermodynamic equilibrium for CPL formation stoichiometry showing the more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted for Ni(II) which was [Ni(AADAD)]+;No3 - but synergism effect study showed that by using TBP and MIBK showed increasing extraction efficiency of Ni(II) with the presence of TBP or MIBK in aqueous solution because substitution water in coordination shell of Ni(II) in ion pair complex and effect to increase hydrophobicity, stability and partitioning to CPL. Also, the study revealed that adding one molecule of TBP or MIBK in the structure of ion pair complex of Ni(II) such as [Ni(AADAD)(TBP)]+;NO3 - , [Ni(AADAD)(MIBK)]+;NO3 - . So the studies tackled the effect of interferences as cations and electrolytes on extraction efficiency, later on, we used this method in the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of Nickel (II) in different samples.3 - Studies about Cobalt (II)The experimental studies concerning the separation, preconcentration and extraction of cobalt(II) as ion association complex by using the same complexing agent used with nickel (II) AADAD according to Cloud point extraction methodology. The UV - Vis spectrophotometric studies about the ion association complex extracted showed that the maximum absorbance of the complex of wave length λmax=530nm. As well as the extraction method according to CPE method showed (pH=8) was the optimum acidic function for extraction giving the highest absorbance and distribution value D because this pHex the best164coordination bonding between cobalt ion Co(II) and complexing agent AADAD so that high partitioning of stable complex to cloud point layer CPL. Moreover, the experiments showed that 0.5ml of Non - ionic surfactant, very stable for giving higher extraction efficiency because this volume of surfactant helps to reach the favorable thermodynamic equilibrium of aggregation of micelles to form CPL with high density and small volume and the micelles in case one approaches the other with the best dehydration to be in high hydrophobicity with good partitioning of complex to CPL. And in this case giving higher extraction efficiency, also, this extraction efficiency obtained when 60μg of cobalt ion Co(II was in the aqueous solution to give the best thermodynamic equilibrium to formation high stability ion pair complex extracted into CPL quantitively effect of temperature study showed that 80°C was the best temperature of extraction according to CPE method because in this temperature the best CPL was formed by aggregation and using dehydration at CMC state happen good extraction as well as thermodynamic data for extraction Co(II) was ΔHex=0.1014KJmol - 1, ΔGex= - 60.658KJmol - 1, ΔSex=171.86Jmol - 1K - 1. These data showed from the small positive value of enthalpy of extraction , the ions of ion pair complex extraction when one approach another to increase stability of this complex as well the large positive value of entropy of extraction demonstrates the dependence of extraction according to CPE and entropy. Then this procedure being entropic in region. Time of heating as the experiment study showed is 15min and was stable to give higher extraction efficiency. Because heating the solution at fixed temperature and time mean the quantity of heating help kinetically to reach thermodynamic and kinetic equilibrium for formation CPL. Then giving higher extraction efficiency. Stoichiometry study revealed that the more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted was [Co(AADAD)]+;NO3 - . Synergism study show presence TBP or MIBK in aqueous solution effect to increase extraction efficiency of Co(II) according to CPE method. Because complexing agent AADAD was not able to saturated the coordination shell of Co(II) ion in complex formation then the empty coordination position and occupy with water molecule and decline extraction efficiency , but TBP or MIBK able to coordinate instead of water in coordination shell and increase extraction efficiency, as well the study showed one molecule of TBP or MIBK able to enter in complex formed such as [Co(AADAD)(TBP)]+;NO3 - or [Co(AADAD)(MIBK)]+;NO3 - . So that the studies involved the effect of interferences as cations and electrolytes on extraction efficiency , later we used this method for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II) in different samples.

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لبعض مشتقات السلفايد والسلفون == Synthesis , Identification and Biological Activity for (Sulfide ,Sulfone) - Compounds

اسم المؤلف: رشا نعمة حسين الجعباوي
اسم المشرف: نغم محمود جواد الجمالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Sulfone and Sulfide are important compounds due to their uses in industrial , artificial and pharmaceutical applications . They are characterized by their effectiveness against skin diseases and fungal what make them used as biologically important substances and preparatory studies have been extended to their derivatives. The research includes two sections : Section I : : contains preparing 19 compound which are (R1 - R19) in six parts : : - Part one : - includes preparing compound (R1) from the interaction of (Thio semicarbazide) with (Diethyl Terephthalate) interacting the resulted (R1) react with (10% Sodium hydroxide ) to prepare the compound (R2), interacting the resulted compound with (chloro ethyl acetate) to prepare the compound (R3) , and finally interacting the resulted compound with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to prepare compound (R4). Part two : - includes preparing compound (R5) by interacting compound (Sulfobenzoic anhydride) with (2 - amino - 5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole) then the resulting interaction (R5) with( chloro ethyl acetate) to prepare the compound (R6) , and interacting the result with (acetic acid) and (hydrogen peroxide) to prepare compound (R7).Part three : - : includes preparing compounds (R8, R9, R10) by interacting (phenylene diamine) with (2 - mercapto acetic acid) to produce (R8) and reactance of this compound with Formaldehyde)) to form a compound (R9) and interacting the last compound (acetic acid) and (hydrogen peroxide) to prepare compound (R10). Part four : - includes interacting (2 - amino - 5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol) with a compound formaldehyde)) to prepare the compound (R11) , interacting compound R11 and interacting the result with (Sulfobenzoic anhydride to produce compound (R12). Part five : - : includes preparing compounds (R13,R14, R15, R16) by interacting compound (Formaldehyde) with (2 - mercapto benzoic acid) to form (R13) , and interacting this result with ( Thio semicarbazide)) and (sodium hydroxide 10%) for the preparation of R14)), which through its interaction with (chloro ethyl acetate) is the preparation of the compound (R15 The oxidizing the resulted compound by (acetic acid) and (hydrogen peroxide) , gives (R16). Part six : - includes preparing compound (R17) by interacting( 2 - mercapto benzoic acid)) with(3 - chloro propanoyl chloride) and interacting the finally with (Thio semicarbazide) give (R18), which we can obtain011compound (R19) by interacting with (chloro ethyl acetate).All the prepared compounds have been following up the interactions enabled chromatography thin layer (TLC) for each prepared vehicles and characterized by (IR) spectrum NMR proton (1H.NMR), and a nice nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon (13C.NMR) and (C.H.N), and then measure the degree of fusion.Section II : This section includes the study of the biological inhibitory action to some of the prepared compounds on positive bacteria for dye Gram (Staphylococcus aureuse) and another negative bacteria for dye Gram (Escherichia Coli). All the compounds showed effect against both selected bacteria in the study.The Scheme below clarifies

تحضير مركبات الكبريت غير متجانسة الحلقة ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لبعض منها == Synthesis Sulfur Heterocyclic Compounds and Study Biological Activity for Some its

اسم المؤلف: انتصار عبيد سلمان الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: نغم محمود جواد الجمالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الثايازول، الثيادايازول
  • الثايازين
  • الثايادايازين
  • الثايازبين
  • الثيادايازبين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The compounds of heterocyclic that have the qualities of a great biological and pharmacological importance, where we see through the growing literature in Chemistry published research in this area significantly, so we decided to prepare new derivatives of them.In this study prepared (16) a new deriva????ve of sulfur heterocyclic compounds such as Thiazole, Thiadiazole Thiazine, Thiadiazine, Thiazepine and Thiadiazepine, and three other intermediate compounds to prepare Some of these derivatives, these compounds ((Five, Six and Seven - Membered Heterocycles))The research included two Section of study : The first section : included prepara????on (19) compounds (I1 - I19), by four parts : The first part : included preparation (I1) of benzil interaction with thiosemicarbazide and then the interaction of output with nitrous acid record spontaneously from mixing hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, to form a diazonium salt and then reactance this salt with (Acetyl acetone) to prepare azo compound (I2), and Then reactance output with thiourea, thiosemicarbazide, Thioacetamide and cysteine respectively for the preparation of compounds (I3 - I6).The second part : included reactance (diethyl terephthalate) with thiosemicarbazide, cysteine to prepare the compound (I7) and compound (I9), respectively, and then reactance outputs with Sulfobenzoic anhydride, thiosemicarbazide respectively to produce the compound (I8) and compound (I10), respectively. The third part : included reactance (1,3 - diphenylpropane - 1,3 - dione) with thiosemicarbazide to give the compound (I11) and then output reactance with benzaldehyde to give the compound (I12) and then output with reactance Sulfobenzoic anhydride to give the compound (I13). The fourth part : includes reactance (p - amino acetophenon)with nitrous acid record spontaneously from mixing hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, to form a salt of diazonium and then reactance this salt with diethyl mal Acetyl acetone to give compound (I14) and compound (I17), respectively, and then reactance thiosemicarbazide, benzaldehyde respectively, to give the compound (I15) and compound (I18), respectively, and then outputs reactance with Sulfobenzoic anhydride, thiourea to give compound (I16) and compound (I19), respectively. All interactions followed up by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for each prepared compounds and diagnosed by spectrum infrared (FT.IR) spectrum, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H.NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon (13C.NMR) and Elemental Analysis(C.H.N), and then measure the melting point. The second section : This section of the research included the study of the inhibitory action of the some of biological compounds against the gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureuse) and gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and all showed the effectiveness of the compounds against selected bacteria in the study type.
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