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عصبة الامم 1919 - 1946 دراسة تاريخية

اسم المؤلف: محمد حميد جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث
الدرجة: ماجستير
مكان الجامعة: بغداد

موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

اسم المؤلف: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
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صبري العسلي ودوره السياسي في سورية (1903 - 1958) Sabri Al - Asali And His Political Role In Syria (1903 - 1958)

اسم المؤلف: نسرين فيصل داود
اسم المشرف: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their attention on the history of Syria , which passed through significant events which had a huge effect in the history of the Arab Homeless therefore , The history of Syria was studied from all sides , especially by Syrian researchers in particular , and Arab researchers in general. However , there are characters which have great role in the events which Syria passed through , and which have not studied and highlighted objectively. Regardless of the roles and positions taken by those characters m but they have become of great significant , which the researcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on those characters , especially outside Syria m because the political situations in Syria were reflected on many researchers m who were not objective in their judgments on those characters we have mentioned , nad it was necessary to study the policy which sabri al - asali adopted in the history of Syria and its effect on the course of events , whether in Syria or the Arab surrounding. The character of sabri Al - asali represented an influential axis in the course of the politic vents not only in Syria , but also in the Arab area , nudging his attitude on the triple charter , Beside his outstanding role in revealing the murderers of Adnan Al Maliki. Which the western countries were responsible for is murder. Beside his role in the issue of suez and the support of Syria to Egypt in this serious issue , respite the warning of the western countries to Syria to participate , still Sabri Al - asali declared that Syria would support Egypt. The thesis aims to study the life of Sabri Al - asali and his prominent political activities the history of Syria , through reviewing his upbringing life , and emergence the course of events his implementing many actions on the internal and external veils and his attitudes about the serious and multiple rab issues. The thesis consists of an introduction , our chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter discuss the origion of the family of Sabri Al - asali , his life activities his attributes and the start of his political activity through the great Syrian revolution in 1925 against the French occupation and joining the rationalist Action league , then joining the national block m and contributing in the elections of 1943 , the contributing in the Syrian ministries , especially minis interior. In the second ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 a minister of justice in the third ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 , then as aminister of interior once again in 1946 in the ministry of daadallah Al - jabr then joining the national party to become asecretary in 1947 , and his participating in the ministry of Jamil Mardam in 1948 , and the attitude of the National party from the coup of Hosni AL - Zaeem , also the attitude of the National party from the coup of sami AL - Hinawi in 1949. The second chapter deals with the attitude of al - Asali from the combination of 1950 and his attitude from the Ministry of the people‘s party , also the combination of his first ministry in 1954. AL - Asali role in the Arab - syrian relationships, Handling the Internal proticipation in the elections of the minisry of Saeed AL - Ggazzi. As well as the third chapter deals with studying the second ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1955, and the position of the ministry from the international alliances, The Internat policy of the ministry ,The Amenric and Bmerican and pressures, on the government of AL - Asali ؛ The Egyptian Support to the attitude of Syria from Baghdad pact and AL - Maliki alliance, Sabri AL - Asali had a role in prosecuting the murders of Adnan AL - Moliki, and the resignation of the ministry. The fourth chapter traces the third ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1956, Nehru and Shbelor in Damascus, The Approach of the third ASalian Ministry, The actirity from the internal disagreements in the Military Institution, The Syrian attitude from the nationalization of the Suez canal the ministry and the development of events in the middle east the aggravation of the third ministry in 1975 the attitude of the ministry from Eisenhower doctrine ,new development In The Syrian - Egyptian Relationships New Development To The Iraq - Syrian Relationships Development of The internal Situation in Syria , The Israeli - Arab Conflict ,The Policy of Positive Neutrality , the Deterioration of Relationships With The Arab - Gorden - Iraq - Egypt and Syria Al - Asali as Advice president to the Unity State , The Resignation of Al - Asali and his quitting The political life.
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يهود الفلاشا في اثيوبيا (1950 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية The Flasha Jewish (1950 - 1991) Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: ميرفت عبد الكاظم ياسين العامري
اسم المشرف: احسان علي حسين الشمري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Jewish encyclopedia defines the “Ethiopia Flasha Jewish” as troupe descending from Jewish origin , related to one of religion Jewish classes based on old era and external books “bookriva” (the undependable book and other religious books which appeared after the finish of old era record , after appearing the Zionism movement , the attention of Jewish of denomination throughout of World in order to gather it Zionists movement , hence it becomes necessary to study these denominations ,then recognize and identifies their situations and their political , economic and social rule. whereas attraction of Flasha Jewish improve its reputation which characterized , somewhat , by racism.The study divided into introduction ,three chapters and conclusion. the first chapter deals with the naming , historical origin of Flasha Jewish of its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948 , in section one is about naming and geographical distribution in Ethiopia , section two is about historical origin of Flasha Jewish and migration to Ethiopia , while the section three is about Flasha Jewish and its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948.The second chapter deals with social symbols and economic and political activity of Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia , in section one is about doctrines , traditions and folklore of Flasha Jewish. Section two talks about economic and political activity of Ethiopia Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia. While section three bout the prolegomenon of migration in Ethiopia to Israel (1977 - 1950). The third chapter deals with Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia and their relationship with Israel (1990 - 1977). in section one is the growth of Israel immigration (1990 - 1980). section two is the economic and social activity - the economic and military activity , the third chapter is the thought of return condition and reverse migration.Conclusion 1. Religious believes : they don’t belief of Talmud.only belief in external Asfar 2. There is no political rule for Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia as being oppressed minority and semi - restricted socially.3. Economically and socially : the Flasha Community is isolated one , the economic rule of Flash don’t exceed the agricultural rule , they are tribal community , most of them practicing agriculture as farmer , also working on crafts like making cracks and spinning ,which considers as scornful crafts for Ethiopic.4. The thesis reveals the Zionist organization activity : in addition to Jewish agency that works beside United States , by making contracts with Ethiopic government and working to convince Flasha Jewish to migrate to Israel.5. Flasha Jewish in the other hand are scornful and can’t get respected occupations in society , those people realized that promised land is not milk and honey , obviously the Flasha Jewish civilians is third degree in military fields which pushes them to think about return and reversed migration
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عبد اللطيف البغدادي ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1964 Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi And His Political Cole In Egypt Until 1946

اسم المؤلف: مروة ابراهيم مصطفى حسين المعموري
اسم المشرف: بيداء علاوي شمخي جبر الشويلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their largest attention an the history of Egypt , As one of the important Arab countries, which has the greatest effect in the events witnessed by the Arab world, Therefore the history of Egypt was studied from all sides and in different Eras, Especially by the Egyptian researchers particular and Arab researchers in general , However. The events of Egypt , chinch have not studied and highlighted objectively , egardless of the roles and positions taken by those character but they have become of great significance , which the searcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on the characters, especially outside Egypt, because the political situation in Egypt maybe were reflected on a number researcher who were not objective in their judgments those characters. Abdul hatif is the most prominent of those characters we have mentioned , The need is essential to study his administration and attitudes in the Egyptian politics , because he contributed greatly to the revolution of Egypt 1952 and defended it. As he was the most prominent its men. Who defended the achievements of that evolution in critical circumstances experienced by the evolution during (1952 - 1964). Abdul Latif distinguished comall of his colleagues, men of the revolution, by his imitable ability to accomplish, So he was able to develop me appropriate plans to implement projects, Known for is high degree of self - confidence and dignity, that was me biggest reason. for the successive disagreements between him and Jamal Abdul Nasser, Which mede him mentally quits the political action Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi took over five different ministries at the level of ministerial action. As well as the position of vice resident , that position which oblige him to supervise so many different sectors of the state. He also had the high prestige among his colleagues and in the conscience of the people , his name was related with genuine and rapidly achievement. The thesis tried to answer several quiries the most prominent were the causes of disagreement between Abdul Latif AL - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser and the accuracy of what had sever. Historians mentioned about the fear of Jamal Abdul Nasser from the power and influence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi which was the reason behind his quitting the alitcal action because Jamal Abdul Nasser imposes his opinions always in mast decisions , which resulted from that a bad relation ship between Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser , there were numeral harassment after his recent resignation in 1964.The thesis consists of four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter was entitled "the emergence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and his entering the political world", and this chapter deals with his life, emergence, his entering the Military college his promotion in the military service, the emergence of the organization of aviation officers in 1940, his participation in the war of Palestine against the Zionist entity in 1948, and his role in regulating the liberal officers which he participated in after the war. While the second chapter was entitled" the role of Al - Baghdadi in the revolution of 23 of July 1952 - 1954", through studying the main issues which was Egypt suffering from before the evolution and made him and his colleagues to start the revolution, Al - Baghdadi took over the responsible of flying in the mooring of 23 of July over the sky of Cairo and Alexandria in order to control the situation and his presided over the revolutionary court , which we formed in 1953, to trial those accused in betraying the homeland , or against its safety insid and outside or those who help in the corruption of the government , as well , the chapter includes the crisis of march and the outcome represented by the conflict of the members of the revolutionary command council with Mohamed maguey and the disagreement between Jamal Abdul Nasser and Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi who made Al - Baghdadi submits his first resignation. The third chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his took over the legislative and executive duties", it reviews the role of Al - Baghdadi in the formation of the Egyptian government from (1953 - 1957), accompanied by responsibilities and accomplishments and the subsequent proposals in the national union and the issuance of nationalization resolutions in 1961 the so - called" the social revolution and his entering the parliamentary elections which resulted in his presided over the national Egyptian assembly while.The fourth chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his position on the course of events and the internal political developments in Egypt", it reviews the evacuation agreement and the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956, Al - Baghdadi accompanied Jamal Abdul Nasser thoroughly the period of the war , As well as the chapter includes the efforts for the establishment of Egyptian - Syrian unity in (1958 - 1961) that emanated the united Arab republic are his role in it the formation of the boad of presidency in Egypt after the secession had ahuge effect in the determination of Al - Baghdadi to quit and not to return to politics once again.
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التعليم في اليابان (1868 - 1912) Education In Japan (1868 - 1912)

اسم المؤلف: مثنى عبد الجبار عبود
اسم المشرف: وليد عبود محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Education is a reflection to society background, philosophy and history, as well as its development and horizons for its future prospects and aspirations. In this respect, the Japanese experience has become an example that should be followed to achieve improved didactic and scientific performance. This success has been achieved so quickly that it has made Japan one of the most advanced countries. Though having a small area, tough geographical conditions and high population density, and lacking raw materials, Japan has managed to make the brains of its citizens a substitution to face lack of natural and materialistic resources. This has positively reflected on its economy growth and on its social, educational, and cultural development.There are two reasons for selection of this topic (Education in Japan 1768 - 1912) : first, it is one of the most successful experiences in the world since everyone agrees that the Japanese experience and its didactic development is an integrated and exceptional human effort which has drawn the attention and interest of the entire world. Japan, the Asian country, has broken the rule that development is associated with the West and there is no hope to enjoy development unless a person is a foreigner or an expatriate. So, this experience deserves not only to be studied once; rather, many studies should deal the educational policy of Japan. Second, most academic studies on Japan have focused on the political and economic sides and overlooked the social side of which education is the most important pillar and the effective channel in the state policy and community. To underline this, most political and economic problems are attributed to education problems. Besides, development in developed countries is considered an equilateral triangle (political, economic and social “educational” development). It is known that development of the social aspect positively reflects on the political and economic aspects, and vice versa. Thus, education is pivotal in the development process in any developed country including Japan. The period covered by the thesis is 1868 - 1912; the first date (1868) is the date of accession of Emperor Mutsuhito (1868 - 1912) to the throne. The reign of this Emperor is known is Meiji. He was committed to the fifth principle of the Imperial Charter Oath : “Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule”. This Charter marks the end of two centuries of solitude. It has made Japan open to international and regional countries. The second date represents end of the Meiji Era where Japan reached to an advanced stageof education development. Japan completed the foundation of the education structure starting from kindergartens to imperial universities.The hypothesis that the thesis deals with is an attempt to explore and analyze data and information about the development of education in Japan up to 1912, and review its basic elements and key factors of its rise. It also explores the effect of struggle between traditional and modern education, and plans developed by the government and stance of the Emperor to these plans. The researcher adopted the scientific, analytical and historical approach, and tried to reconcile between the historical sequence and unity of subject to reach objective and accurate answers. The thesis consists of four chapters, conclusion and annexes. The first chapter deals with roots of education in Japan up to 1868. It involves three topics : the first one tracks development of education during the reign of Nara and Heian (710 - 1185), changes in the reigns of Kamkura and Muromachi (1185 - 1568), and reign of Azuchi Momoyama (1568 - 1600). The second topic include education in the era of early Tokugawa (1600 - 1853); it shows the educational policy adopted by the shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa (1603 - 1615) to reform education; explores his disputes with opponents; reviews the effect of solitude of Japan of education during the years 1616 - 1786; and outlines the effect of tribal schools and First Opium War on education (1787 - 1853). The third topic focuses on reviewing development of Education in the Tokugawa Era (1853 - 1868), outlining the effect of Perry expedition in wakening up the Japanese nation of the dormant Chinese thinking, directing them to explore mysteries of modern western education and sciences (1853 - 1868), and getting acquainted with the role of foreign missionaries and Japanese scholars in the development of education (1859 - 1868) and their role in introducing modern sciences which had contributed to preparing Japanese education elite that, in turn, encouraged Japanese to the west, resulting in increased scholarships to the west and Europe to get closer picture of the development of modern science (1863 - 1868).The second deals with the beginnings of modern education in Japan (1868 - 1877). It includes three topics; the first involves the attempts to reform government education as a result of a call by the Meiji Emperor in 1868, and the effect of his call to open old schools and seeking foreign assistance to develop and modernize these schools. The second topic deals with education modernization projects, including establishment of the Ministry of Education and development of the first Educational Plan (Gakusei), as well as the lwakura expedition and its impact on revising the Educational Plan and encouraging women education and establishment of educational associations. The third topic copes with teacher preparation, establishment of normal schools for female and male teachers, development of curricula, and problems facing implementation of the plan.Chapter three tackles establishment of the Japan University and development of education plans (1877 - 1885). It includes three topics. The first topic involves establishment of Japan University and development of a proposed second National Education Plan (1877 - 1880). It also includes an overview of the impact of People for Liberty Movement and stance of the Emperor of this Movement. Topic two deals with the steps for the review and development of the third National Education Plan (1880 - 1885). Topic three involves development of the fourth Education National Plan (1885 - 1890), its announcement, implementation and stance of the Emperor to it. Chapter four tackles development of modern education in Japan (1890 - 1912). It includes three topics; the first highlights development of the education system in primary schools by issuance of new legislation. These include kindergartens and primary and secondary schools. The second chapter sheds light on the education system in the secondary schools, normal schools which graduate professional staff to meet the need of education expansion in primary and intermediate schools and vocational schools and its impact on the Japan economy, as well as, female high schools and their role on the education of women. The third topic deals with the development of high education institutions which are preparatory schools for those wishing to complete study after university; it also deals with private schools and imperial universities since these are high academic institutions for graduating social, economic and administrative elites to serve in and develop different state institutions.The researcher used considerable number of references, official Japanese documents developed in English by the Ministry of Education, as well as many other documents, letters, Arabic and English theses, periodic both magazines and newspapers. The Arabic and Foreign books, researches and studies, and foreign encyclopedias have contributed so much to this thesis by providing valuable information
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الداعي الاسماعيلي ناصر خسرو وعلاقته بالخلافة الفاطمية The Ismaili Preacher Nasser Khosrow And Its Relationship To The Fatimid Caliphate

اسم المؤلف: ماجد حميد رشيد
اسم المشرف: غنية ياسر كباشي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Featuring Ismaili sect from the rest of the Islamic doctrines and preaching difference structure, organization and sophisticated. While disappeared advocacy organizations affiliated Islamic Umayyad teams during the two (40 - 132h / 660 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 656h / 749 - 1258m) led after the purpose of the establishment of a religious entity - a political difference to those groups, continued imams and preachers Ismailis to maintain this institution and the development of knowledge as the vital nerve of the doctrine, without which strengthened the call and continued survival.Whereas the Fatimid state had, on the basis of which the policy is intertwined with religion, to the extent that every political organization in this country, it was a reflection of the spirit of the Fatimid doctrine itself, until it became, believe an example of religious states in Islam, This invitation "was the backbone of this state, and the most important thing distinguishes itself from other Islamic regimes have looked to call a sacred institution and a religious duty practiced it faithfully and activity, and sought to power in order to be able to achieve this goal, safe and easy, they were looking at them It was a lot for them as an ideological weapon of the system.Caliph was the "imam" Fatimid chooses from among his supporters most powerful tongue, and believe them Jnana, and Olhnhm argument, and Ogzarhm note Vigolh in the position of calling for it following the status of the Imam of the confessional, relying in that much from any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (O prophet! Truly We have sent , thee s a witness , a Bearer of Gold Tidings , and Warner (45) And as one who invites to Allah (46) `s (grace) by His leave , and as a lamp spreading light) and any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (Invite (all) to the way of thy lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching , and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious , for thy lord knoweth best , who have strayed from his path , and who receive guidance). That was our choice for the study of personality, "the Ismaili Nasser Khosrow (d. 481 AH / 1088 AD) and its relation to succession of the Fatimid" not to mention the ideological side "in the Fatimid state" as one of the Ismaili dignitaries, one talent evident owners in the political and religious messages field across the Fatimid call Aban Fatimid rule, in "the fifth century AH / atheist century AD" and who spent years of his life in the Caliph Al - Mustansir Billah "427 - 487h / 1036 - 1094m service." Preacher who is vested with a variety of tasks, administrative, diplomatic, religious, has arrived to the top of the shrine, an advocate and an argument Persia and Khorasan in the Fatimid invitation. The conduct of research was required to be having four classes led by an introduction, followed by a conclusion showed the most significant results, and proven sources and references that were adopted in the preparation of the message.The introduction : he mentioned the importance of the subject and the reasons for his choice, and the research plan and the approach that I walked it. Devoted the first chapter to the study of biography and scientific Nasser Khosrow, as touched upon in the first section to : the biography of his life (his name, lineage, his nickname, his birth, his family, and growing up, and his death), and in the second section of his travels, and in the third section touched on the scientific status, indicating the His printed and manuscript, and the views of the scientists. And I ran to the second chapter has dealt with the Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan in the fifth century AH / atheist century AD, has been included on the three sections, too, it was at the forefront of those detectives Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan during the era of Nasser Khosrow, and the second section preachers who Asarham Nasser Khosrow, The third chapter Achtmt Balambges assets Ismaili doctrine from the standpoint of calling for Nasser Khosrow. Then I ran to the third quarter, which was entitled calling Nasser Khosrow and its relation to succession of the Fatimid, it has included three sections, covered in the first section of succession Al - Mustansir Billah and the crown prince, and in the second section of Cairo in the era of Nasser Khosrow, and in the third section the offices of the state administration and fees and celebrations. And another classroom fourth quarter in which public life in Egypt dealt with through text Nasser Khosrow trip, which included a three axes , namely : First : Army, Navy , and secondly : economic conditions , and thirdly social conditions.The letter highlights the conclusion of the most important findings after a comprehensive study of the subject good and thorough study , also caused appendixes and appended a list of sources and references relied upon in keeping with the traditions of theses. It has faced several difficulties, in the forefront of all the works of Nasser Khosrow written by the Persian language, and did not stand on the interpreter of which only three books did not find enough male and adequate for the life of Nasser Khosrow in basic references and we had sometimes rely on modern references, which may be due burning processes for many of the books of Shiites in general, especially in the east and Ismailia practiced by many of the Islamic Orient rulers anti - Ismaili, the most prominent day ordeal Ismailia grand a year (331 AH / 942 AD) as well as what he has done Mahmud of Ghazni (361 - 421h / 971 - 1030m) as well as what he did to the Mongols the year (654 AH / 1256 CE). Historical descriptive approach was adopted based on the analysis of some of the information and criticism and comparing opinions, to get to the facts, has necessitated the nature of the study rely on a variety of historical resources and doctrinal and moral geography.
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عبد الحسن زلزلة ودوره الاقتصادي والدبلوماسي Abdul Hassan Zalzala Economic And Diplomatic Role

اسم المؤلف: لمى محمود رشيد العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the character of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as homage to this figure which has contributed in his intellectual role to confront the political and economic phenomena of the era following the monarchy (the republican era). This stage of history includes many of the political, economic and social events on the national and Regional levels. Among the negative phenomena which Abdul - Hassan Zalzala is putting the right solutions for the problems. That appeared in his economic proposition in relation to the financial economic aspect inherited from the monarchy regime. He focused on the relation of Iraq to the sterling zone and the effect of that on the political structure of the country. That person worked in the shades and was not concentrated on because of his nature and one side and the overwhelming of other people on the other. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion. The Preface entitled “Abdul - Hassan Zalzala the Family upbringing and the social and intellectual character,” also which we tackled the cultural and intellectual composition. Chapter One traced the beginnings of the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the state of Iraq and his political attitudes in some of the internal issues. It includes a brief account of his work in Iraq and some of the attitudes towards the internal political issues. Chapter Two studies the propositions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the structure of the Iraqi economy. It includes the relation of Iraq with the Sterling zone and the monetary opinions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala. Chapter Three is devoted to the views of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala of the Arab economic integration and his intellectual products in the economic field. It includes the common Arab work and the chapter also shows the most outstanding writings of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the economic field. The study was concludes with Chapter Four by treating the activity of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the diplomatic career and his work in the Arab League. It includes the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as an ambassador in Iran and Egypt and the Arab League 1976 - 1988. Abdul - Hassan Zalzala did not ignore in his opinions the Arab side and the burden on the political decision to condense the common Arab work and the development of the light of a comprehensive integrated imagining putting the national aims in the advance position, specially the interior developmental aim is the first obstacle for achieving the required development. He sees that when speaking about the Arab common integration, we should put in advance the efforts made to achieve this Arab common integration which did not become at best in the form of economic cooperation. It is very minor compared to the relations of the Arabs with the external world. The opinions and proposes of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala and his attitudes towards some of the political issues is undoubtedly represent reform course that represents solutions to these to say the least.
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وزارة المعارف العراقية 1920 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية The Iraqi Ministry Of Knowledge 1920 - 1958 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: فلاح حسن كزار عباس
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ministry of education considered as one of important Iraqis' offices which formed in Iraq for the period 1920 - 1958, it's important was that it’s the only one that responsible about preparation and build generations , and support all state institutions and it's offices with the functional individual scientific and administrative , that reflect it'd scientific and civilized role and the range of progress of Iraq in both levels in internal & external.The study of ministry in it’s administrative sides in that period was not discussed in the other studies , which stimulate the researcher for study it, also the administrative sides for any ministry have the important which many of modern academic study concentrate on it, to know the structure organization of the ministries, from it's specialized offices and the officials that operated and their scientific and educational specialism, and how many wealth which assigned from public budgetary of state for it's scientific and administrated duty and that reflect the size of administrate development and other.The ministry have seen many administrative development , at the beginning with direct British occupation (1914 - 1921) , at the period (1914 - 1918), it's works relative with (incomings officials ) in Basra and Baghdad , on August 1918, it's become as establishment named as ( public knowing attendance), when Iraqi temporary kingdom has been established in 23 august 1921, it's been self - governing ministry when ministry of health has been separated, and know it's named as (Ministry of knowledge ) it still as that until the royal regime has been drop down on 14/July/1958. Offices whose managed this ministry development it's administrated works and continue with global growth has been founded in this field , specially form whose of them that have superior specialized certification, also they called for (international committee) for help in put plans that making the rising of it's works.The works that accepted from ministry have the clear role in put the first basis of acts and instructions for the Ministry of knowledge in Iraq , and establishment of natural foundations and specialized the work of ministry and it's officials , when we see the historical stage , the level of scientific progress and the general situation in the country
الملخص:
المصادر:

كتاب الجمل والنصرة لسيد العترة في حرب البصرة للشيخ المفيد (ت 413هـ/ 1022م) : دراسة تحليلية تاريخية Camel And The Victory Of Mr. Strain In Basra War To The Sheikh Al - Mufied (D 413 AH/ 1022 AD) ((An Analytical Study))

اسم المؤلف: فائق محمد حسين الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: well as the conclusion and a list of sources and references that Aolna in this study.• Boot biography of Sheikh useful and ensure that, his name, his nickname , his birth , lineage , and death as well as his children and that presents for the first time in modern academic studies.• Chapter One : Under was titled doctrinal views about the allegiance of the faithful Meer Ali bin Abi Talib • Chapter Two : historical novels was under heading out on the Caliph Uthman.• Chapter III : Historical Almruyat for the Battle of the Camel.• In the final conclusion, which includes the most prominent findings and a list of sources and references, and summary in English. The Yes of God for this religion that he raised him in every age range of scientists and dignitaries from Mashra virtuous so late, Vohassanoa Madarsthm and built bases , and left us with an enormous wealth and great heritage , Anbthaga to its sources , the purest and its tributaries. Of these extraordinary , Sheikh useful ( 413 AH / 1022 AD) , may God rest his soul and make paradise resting place , which is aware of the flags of centuries fourth and fifth Hijri and one of the leaders of his time , as one of the men who excelled in science and classification throughout the years of his life. It is an excellent choice with the help of Dr. Nehme Shihab was I faced some difficulties as any student looking at the subject and especially as it combines the science of history and learned men of modern science because this led me to refer to the many specialized in these three Knowledge and other sources is not easy to master , who is running experience student academic research for the first time in his life, and with all the grace of God has been able to overcome the difficulties in the curriculum and resources and with the help of my teacher and supervisor wise direction. Has necessitated the need for this letter is organized with an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion , and here it should be noted that this division is inspired by the book (the sentences and the victory of Mr. strain in Basra War) as Analysis of sources : This study, like other academic studies relied on a large number of sources, references and research that were distributed among the different fields in history, local history or in the translations and biography or geographical books and travel literature as well as modern references The following presentation and analysis of a summary of the most important sources and references that were It has a clear impact for the preparation of this letter : - • General history books : It is books that are meant to take the flag campaign and others in the country as a book (the date of the Apostles and the Kings), to Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD), in which historical events show, the book (the history of the city of Damascus (for Sakba, Abu Kassim Ali Bin Hassan Ben God's gift to bin Abdullah Shafi'i (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) has served us so much Vengda encyclopedia in the history of the Islamic civilization has reviewed the conduct of men and women also, who emerged fields of public life, particularly in science, knowledge, and the book (regular in the history of the kings and the UN), to Ibn al, Abu Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ali (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD) and the book "full of history" to Ibn al - Athir (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD) there is no doubt being a Guinness in Islamic history.• genealogy books : We based our knowledge of the lineages of some scientists and their assets, including book (genealogy), of heard me, Dad Said Abdul Karim bin Mohammed al - Tamimi (d.562 AH / 1166 AD) and book (the pulp in the refining lineages), the son of ether, Abul Hassan Ali bin Abi Karam Mohamed Bin Mohammed bin Abdel - Karim al - Shaibani (d.630AH/1232 AD).• Geographic wrote : The geography books that enriched the various search information, whether concerned with the nomination of the city or location, including a book "Dictionary of countries," authored by Sapphire Hamwi (d. 626 AH / 1228 AD), which is a record of many historians, geographers who came after him. Note that we relied on a variety of other sources for Aasa numerous to mention in this introduction also enlisted some modern references that did not have a key role in building the structure of the messageFinally, the perfect God Almighty alone, and we praise and thank him for what we have from grace in writing this letter , I ask God to guide our steps and bless us in our humble service of science that he listens and responds
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

اسم المؤلف: عمر سعدون حمود
اسم المشرف: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
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المصادر:

الاحوال العامة للاكراد في المشرق 132 - 565هـ / 749 - 1258م General Conditions For Kurds In The Orient (132 - 656A.H\749 - 1258A.C)

اسم المؤلف: علاء حبيب عبد العذاري
اسم المشرف: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the history of peoples to know the political, economic, social and scientific studies of their situations that are difficult to access them, because of the uncertainty surrounding it and overlap with neighboring clans.There is no doubt that the Kurdish people have been playing an important role on the overall events, as a human species that inhabited the Muslim Levant.It differed greatly in determining the areas of their presence in this region (Mashreq), which are difficult to quantify the different Albuldanyen in drawing boundaries, so it was the Kurds who are in different forms in terms of well - traveled areas, and just as likely in other.Our study has focused them on multitude areas, due to the clarity of the civil features in terms of stability.The limits of our study them within the area bounded by the south of Armenia and even the boundaries of the country beyond the river without crossing.Researchers made no mention of this region clearly, but previous studies determined certain city, where Kurds Ooomarh presence, such as a study researcher Hossam El Din Naqshbandi City Aldeanor, study researcher Riad al - Zubaidi, the emirate Al - husnoah.This thesis consisted of six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements.The first chapter discusses : the historical origins of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first taking him to nominate the Kurds and the origin of the label, as well as eating the difference in the origin of the Kurds.The second topic addressed the geographical distribution of the Kurds in the Levant saying they are the areas, while the third section devoted to learn the language of the Kurds and their religion, the Islamic conquests of the Levant.The second chapter : dedicate the contributions of political and administrative Kurds in the Orient, and was the first of it Section eat ambitious Abu Muslim political Khorasani, while the second section may display the UAE, which created the Kurds in the Levant, and the third section dealt with the study of the contributions of administrative Kurds.The third chapter : to show the contributions of military Kurds, as well as their participation in the opposition movements of the Abbasid Caliphate, was on the three sections, the first taking him to accredited to the Kurdish military regime, while touched second section the military for their contributions and their relationships with the UAE their neighboring countries, and it was the third section has allocated to find out contributions to the Kurds in the opposition movements.The fourth chapter handled the economic conditions of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first of it dealt with agricultural activity and livestock, while the second section allocated for industrial activity, was Conclusion Chapter III Section, which touched on the commercial activity of the Kurds.The fifth chapter : to give us a clear picture of the social life of the Kurds in the Levant across three sections, we dealt with it layers of the Kurdish community, and the place of women in it, as well as the religious doctrines deployed in their country, while the second section Vtm the study of public life for the Kurds, and it was the third is dedicated to find out the mostimportant customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Kurdish community.Finally, chapter six : life science for the Kurds in the Orient, the first section dealt with the prosperity of the scientific movement factors, while the second section devoted to the scientific contributions to the Kurds in the field of religious studies, while the third section Vtm know their contributions in the field of language and humanities.
الملخص:
المصادر:

ال حمويه الجويني ودورهم السياسي والعلمي في مصر والشام في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين Al Hamaweh Al Jweni And Their Political And Scientific Role In Egypt And Levant In The Six And Seven Centuries A.H A Study Of The Essenion Community

اسم المؤلف: علاء حامد احمد محمود
اسم المشرف: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We saw the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD upswing in the scientific movement, and this activity led to the delegations of many of the Senate and science students who accuse the supply of science, especially after scientists DAI with great interest by the sultans and princes in the Levant and Egypt became their status and a great degree of high - have, especially after the Levant saw a semblance of stability in a state of Nur ad - Din and Saladin, is the science flights of the most important factors that help the activity and prosperity of the country to attract many of the learners, most of the elders who move between Islamic countries were hold boards of scientific and workshops, and was among the senators who came from the Islamic Orient to the Levant Imad Eddin Omar bin febrile year (564 AH / 1168 AD) and his son Mohammed, Prince Nur al - Din Mahmoud Zangi has honored him and assigned him the position of Sheikh Sufi sheikhs, even this has become Family great prestige of sophistication including notorious for its science and knowledge and became an active role in the revitalization of intellectual movement in the Levant and Egypt, then it soon this family that entered in the political and the diplomatic corps Vtoloa Study diplomatic embassies in the Ayyubid era fair King Mohammed full and his son, Then they turn away military positions and Adhawwa leaders and warlords and armies of soldiers, and took control the Sultanate administration, until it reached their case that consulted in the inauguration of some Ayyubid sultans, and adopted them sultans, princes Ayyubid heavily in various military and political fields.Busy and some members of the family in the scientific aspects more than the political aspects even ended up to authorship, classification and became her prestige in the Muslim communities in the Levant, Egypt and the rest of the country Islamic.The reasons that led me to write on this subject, there were several things to choose the subject.1. Statement of the original home and the society in which it was formed this family, and the statement of its position in the new society that has moved him in the Levant and Egypt.2. Clarify the role played by the family of febrile Jouini in the political, military and intellectual aspects in the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD.3. The lack of an integrated study of the achievements of febrile Jouini family, and stand on the details of those achievements that characterized it.4. After reviewing the most of what has been said about this family in most sources and references, and found it worthy of a study that examines the life of this and the impact of scientific, political and military family, according to a scientific Platform correct
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المصادر:

الصلات العلمية بين العراق ومصر (247 - 334هـ/861 - 945م) Scientific Links Between Iraq And Egypt (247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD)

اسم المؤلف: عبير غني كاظم الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This title of this thesis is ((Scientific links between Iraq and Egypt(247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD))). This thesis was divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with the study of the most important scientific centers in Baghdad and Egypt, which helped to lay the foundations of the Islamic faith. It included the most important scientific centers, including mosques and Koranic schools, councils and debates and aspects of books and (Al - warakeen) books sellers shops and others. While the second chapter of religious sciences marked by the science of the Koran, which included science readings, cut short as the study of celebrity readings scientists between Iraq and Egypt and learning in their councils.As well as modern science through the concept of the modern and the role of the people of Iraq and Egypt in the supplement of this science and published in Egypt and the journey in the pursuit of knowledge between the two countries.And also a study of Jurisprudence and science as the study focused on the concept of an Islamic Fiqh and its development through historical stages and the emergence of Islamic sects and the motives that led to the emergence of those doctrines. And the study of the most important scholars between the two countries and also in this chapter study of the most important Sufi mysticism and scientists between the two countries.Chapter three, includes language and grammar, the most prominent linguists and grammarians in Iraq, Egypt and the hair and the most prominent poets in Iraq, Egypt and different kinds of prose.And stand on this science scholars between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important of flights between the two countries in this scientific field. Turning in the fourth quarter to the humanities and included historical, geographical, knew the history and contributions of the two scientists in providing the historical thought. And the most prominent historians in Iraq and Egypt have been in this chapter the study of geographical and highlighted the contributions of scientists and researchers in geographic knowledge.The fourth chapter has been included on the mental sciences between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important contributions of scientists in providing the scientific movement between Baghdad and Egypt in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy, translation, astronomy and chemistry.The we record our findings and conclusion through this thesis with a summary of the findings of the results taken from approved sources in the search.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الشيخ محمد مهدي الاصفي ودوره الفكري والسياسي في العراق (1937 - 2015) Al - Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi And Intellectual And Political Role In Iraq 1937 - 2015

اسم المؤلف: عامر صالح علي سعد العكيلي
اسم المشرف: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Took a character study an important place in the field of historical studies, the fact that the person is a historic event maker, and understand the nature of his mission is to understand the course of events, composition and causes, so the historical studies of many influencing the course of events, personalities, and Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi one of the personalities that have left have dealt clear imprint in the modern history of Iraq because of the products of intellectual Affersh contributed to a large extent in the development of many of the political, social, historical and cultural concepts, especially as he witnessed the difficult period of the history of modern Iraq. The reasons for choosing this topic back to the desire of a researcher at clarifying biography of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual, political, and which is one of the new themes, which encouraged the researcher on the roads this topic, as well as what ails our library of poverty in specialized in researching academic figures and religious bear to see academic studies Islamist contemporary to incorporate the needs of the community, not to mention the researcher's quest to highlight the role of Sheikh Alasfi in the Islamist movement's activities since the fifties of the twentieth century until his death in 2015. Either approach letter Fassar to conduct scientific research as much as possible and followed the style of the historical narrative sometimes, and analysis at other times, and compare the views and attitudes of Dialogic angle cash in some of the topics that require this style, necessitated the nature of the study of personality, Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual and political to divide the message Introduction to three chapters and a conclusion included the main conclusions reached by the study. The first chapter was titled Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi his scientific career and his life and his approach to writing, and touched the second quarter, which was titled intellectual productions of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi to intellectual aspects that distinguish them, while the third chapter, which was titled the political role of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi, activity political inside and outside Iraq. To accomplish our mission modest at best, I tried to use all the scientific material can be utilized within the time frame of our mission, Vofatt Unpublished of the Private Securities Sheikh Alasfi and family documents or security reporting system related to his activity and his important role in strengthening the message information, also contributed personal interviews Researcher prominent role in the addition of information while writing a message, I can not fail to point out the obvious importance of the Arab sources that had occupied the largest space from the margins of the message, and at the forefront of these books are works of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi in various religious, scientific, intellectual, political and social aspects. Reliance on Arab sources did not prevent the use of Persian sources, and do not forget to mention the importance of theses and Alatarih Rphit that the value of the message on the history of the religious establishment and its political role information. The researcher has faced several difficulties hardly uncommon in any scientific academy study that differed in the extent of the study and again. In conclusion, I hope through Trahi for this modest effort before a panel discussion to be tuned to Aptgat of clarifying the truth and the dissemination of science for the benefit.. as I hope to be my act fills a void in our library Islamist, as an added scientific We hope that achieve what we aspire to achieve, the missed Vhspa I'm still at the first step in the path of scientific research and the hard run, and I was Valvdil to the efforts and care for my teachers evacuation Aoun benevolent, they have the thanks and gratitude, as I find myself obliged to provide a multitude gratitude and thanks to the members of the discussion, my teachers Distinguished what Tjhmoh of the trouble in the correct letter order to realize Kamal them to the desired scientific interest, and perfect, but God alone that Mawla Yes and yes protagonist
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المصادر:

حزب الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية ودوره السياسي في المغرب (1975 - 1996) Socialist Federation Party Of Public Forces And Political Role In Morocco (1975 - 1996)

اسم المؤلف: شيماء عبد الوهاب عبد الشمري
اسم المشرف: نغم سلام ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of political parties history in Morocco has been considered worthy to be researched in the modern and contemporary Arabic history. The independence of Morocco on 3r of March 1956 , has been regarded as a turning point for setting out the parties ' political work in the contemporary Morocco, that is linked to the virtual role of political parties and organizations in the resistance against the French occupation and in mobilizing the publics as to achieve its goals in freedom , independence and progression. But, the new political reality has found a state of struggle between ownership institutions from one side and political parties from another side, this resulted into having the latter divides into opposing and supporting the ownership institution. The socialist Federation Party of Public forces was one of these parties. , where stages of party's development have embodied as reflection on the development of political events in Morocco in the contemporary and modern history. The thesis aims at studying the historical roots of the socialist federation party of public forces as apposition party since its establishment in 1975 until the year 1996. The exceptional holding of the party in 1975 has been considered as a starting point for crystalizing the social, economic and political directions to continue to play its role and its virtual activity in Moroccan political domain. The thesis 's boundaries ceases at the announcement of constitution in 1996 that represented as a turning point toward democratic transition in the political process. The importance of research lies within studying the Socialist Federation Party of public forces since it is considered one of opposing political parties. The study of this party has been a transparent reflection on political parties development in Morocco since getting its independence in 1956, along with the issuance of law of multi - parties in 1959 that established legal bases of political life in Morocco and being considered as a starting point for setting out the regular political work. The activity and political practice of the party considered an important matter for being one of parties that represented parties opposition embedded with law. The study has been based on the historical context and analyzing descriptive method as to show most important developments Morocco has witnessed , along with the role of the socialist Federation party until 1996. In the light of the research's methodology , the thesis has divided into an introduction, preface , four chapters and conclusion. The preface comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of Public Forces and internal political developments in Morocco 1956 - 1975"in which I have explained the conditions that help contribute into dissenting the Socialist Federation party from the National federation of public forces in 1972 until the announcement of the party in 1974. The chapter one comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of public forces and holding exceptional conference , along with the political developments in Morocco (1975 - 1977). The study has focused on the most important events prior to the holding of exceptional conference of the party in 1975; besides , the organizational structure of the party together with its goals , and its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1976. It has been also explained the role of the party in the legislation election in 1977 and its stance in constituting the government and parliament. Ending with the matter of the dessert. The second chapter includes ( Fronts of political activity of the socialist federation party and its stance in respect to internal matters (1978 - 1983); this chapter has emphasized on its most important activities lying in the establishment of democratic co - federalism for occupying the laborers union of the party , the holding of 3rd conference of the party in 1978 and the party 's attitude toward unrests in 1979 - 1981. The chapter has also included the party's attitude toward the Nairobi conference decisions and toward the parliament in 1981. It has also explained its attitude toward Fas peak in 1982 , its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1983 and the government of Mohammed Kareem Al - Umrani in 1983. The chapter three discusses the internal developments of the socialist federation party and its attitude toward the national matters ( 1984 - 1989) ; it has exposed the party's attitude toward the Jewish sects conference in Marrakesh in 1984 and the holding of fourth national conference of the party. It deals with the establishment of Africa - Arab Federation and the party 's attitude thereof in 1984, along with its role in the legislation election in Morocco in 1984 and in forming the government in 1985. The chapter has also shown the party's objection to the meeting of Aifran in 1986 between the king Al - Hasan the second and Shimon Perez, it deals with the party's attitude toward Arab Morocco Federation in 1989 ( supported it); besides, referring to the fifth conference of the party held in April 1989 and the party's attitude toward the Arabic National matters ,Palestinian Liberation Organization , Lebanese matter and Iranian - Iraqi war. The chapter fourth comes with the title" the role of the party in boosting democracy and constitution amendment until year 1996. It exposes the party's attitude toward unrest happened in 1990 and government 's vote of confidence in 1990 , the announcement of forming democratic bloc in 1992. The chapter explains the party's stance in respect to death of AbdulRaheem Bu Ubaid in 1992 , the attitude of announcement of constitution in 1992 , along with the developments , role of the party in the massive elections in 1992, in addition, the party's attitude toward the legislative elections in 1993 and finally the announcement of new constitution in 1996 and its positive stance of it. The study has conclude with conclusions included the most important results which are : 1. The political domain has witnessed appearance of new political organizations after the issuance of law of parties that have aimed at preventing to establish Sole Party system and to place bases of multi - Party system. Thus the Monarchy institution got succeeded in its struggle with the independence party and began forming a government loyal to the monarchy institution. It is confirmed that the institution has lonely achieved its goals and confirmed its loyalty on Morocco's political life.2. The struggles have not only confined between the opposition and the monarchy institution , but rather have transferred unto the opposition parties. Thus , we have noticed that in 1972 it has happened disputes inside the National Federation of Public forces and led to dissention inside the party. The latter has got divided into two parts , one part ( Rabat) led by AbdulRaheem BuObaid and the other (Al - Dar Al - Baydha) led by Abdullah Ibrahim. The dissention led to freeze the national bloc and resulted into reflecting that on its role in the political life and establishing to have every party works independently. 3. The exceptional conference held in 1975 has been considered as a turning point for appearing the socialist Federation Party of Public Forces and specified its political , social and intellectual trends and directions in adopting the socialism and democracy as that confirmed by participating into legislation election in 1977 where the party has not wined as for there have been forgeries in the election. 4. Despite , the socialist federalism Party of public forces has been considered one of opposition parties , but it has tried in more than one occasion to adopt positive stances in respect to monarchy institution , especially , when the matter concerned with the national benefit of Morocco 's sovereignty , most outstandingly, is the matter of Morocco Desert where the party has played a grand role in defending it as to be part of morocco.5. The party has adopted virtual political stances and attitudes in praising the labor sector, as a result, it worked on establishing Democratic con - federalism as to activate the workers union , where the party has used it as to have its voice get to the parliament and monarchy institution by supporting the union.6. The party's activity along with its directions have virtually confirmed on principles of democracy which the party has called for since its establishment. The observer who followed up the activity of the party since 1975 until the year 1996 , has found that this party is opposition one as to reinforce and boost its methodology to practice democracy; besides , stressing its links with the Morocco republics and its adherence to the national benefit of the people and freedom from one side and Morocco unity quarantine from other side. Moreover, the positive sides of the party in respect to the Arab matters in contemporary and modern history. 7. The party's political directions and trends have been largely crystalized by calling for constitutional and political reforms. The 90s decade of 20th century has represented an essential phase for the party by emphasizing the party's role to call for reform and change. This represented by getting the King " Al - Hasan the second " accept suggestions of Democratic blocs that led to occurring positive change for the democratic process through
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الاسر العلمية في المغرب العربي واثرها في الحياة العامة من القرن الثالث الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري The Scientific Families In The Arab Maghreb And Their Impact On The Public Life From The Thirteen Century A.H. Until The End Of The Eighth Century A.H

اسم المؤلف: سندس غني عريبي الحديثي
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مزبان حسن
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر الاسرات العلمية من الظواهر البارزة في الثقافة العربية الاسلامية منذ العصور القديمة ولقد شجع الفتح الاسلامي في المغرب بعد انتشار الاسلام ورسوخ الحضارة والفكر الاسلامي في المغرب العربي على ظهور العديد من الاسر العلمية التي كان لهم الدور البارز والمميز | The scientific families are considered is one of the prominent manifestations of the Arabic Islamic culture since old times. The Islamic conquest encouraged the emergence of many scientific families after the spread of Islam in the Mghreb. They had an eminent role in the history of the Arab Maghreb states. The scholars and scientists have got the care and the interests through the different Islamic ages not only of the authority but also the social strata. They are, as the Holy Scripture stipulates, the inheritors of the prophets. That made their circle lofty. Each family of the scientific families has a tangible impact in that. Among them there were families who succeeded science and art and knowledge. They assumed the highest social statuses, and their role was not sufficed to the other fields like trade, judiciary and ministration. That is attributable to the emergence of the role of families as the nuclei of the Islamic society in which the individual is raised and are cultivated. Among the many reasons that led me up to choose that subject is the care of scholars in old and modern times, and the impact of that in the various aspects of life in general. However, no study has tackled scientific families comprehensively. I endeavored to explain the features of the scientific families from which many scholars and scientists descent, in every field. Each one followed the course of that who preceded him, and it was among the reasons is to reveal the role of scientific families which were spread in the Maghreb state. The nature of the study requires the division into an introduction, a preface, four main chapters and an introduction as well as abstracts in Arabic and English. The Introduction tackles the geographic position of the state of Maghreb, and the states which were established there starting of the Aghalibiya state and ending with the Hafsiya state. Chapter Two was devoted to the study of the role of scientific families and the most prominent sciences with which they mastered. Chapter Three was devoted to the study of the impact of scientific families in the administrative, political and military aspects.Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of scientific families in the social and economic life. The Conclusion includes the summary of the findings and then the references and sources.
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الجوانب الاقتصادية في المغرب والاندلس من خلال كتاب مسالك الابصار في ممالك الامصار لابن فضل الله العمري المتوفى سنة (749 هـ / 1348م) The Economical Sides In Morocco And Andalus Through The Book Of Msalik Al - Absar In Momalik Al - Amsar For Ibn Fdhl Allah Al - Omari Died In 749A.H. / 1348 A.D

اسم المؤلف: سعد قاسم علي السويعدي
اسم المشرف: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ibn Fadl Allah Al - Omari is consider bright scholar in the horizon of writing and creating and the best scientist who left his finger prints in the different areas on the politic sociology, economy and intellectual fields.The study of the economical sides are not less important of studying the political and social sides, where studying the economical sides which are represented by agriculture, industry, and commeres in consider important in that they reflect the range of progress and prosperity which the countries have reached wether in morocco or andalus.The study was divided into four chapters, where chapter one was the maine gate to enter to the dissertation where tackle the writers life history (his name, surname, his instructors, his age, his occupations, other scientists's opinion on him, and his books which reached twenty books, the most important was msolik Al - Absar in mamalik Al - Amsar.As for chapter two we tackled the agricultural side in morocco and andalus, mentioning the most important tools used in orgicultur, the types of farming lands, the water sources of rains and springs, the most important crops eg. Serials, fruits and the fruitful and non fruitful trees, in addition to the fortune of animals in morocco and Andalus and their place of existence. Ending the chapter with the most important factors that effecting the agricultural production.And in the third chapter we tackled the industrial side starting with the metals like gold, silver, copper and non metallic metals like mercury, vermilion, crystals and rare stones like Rubies, agate, der and the most important industries like food staff, iron industries, lechear industries, paper industry, pottery, ships, and fobric industries conclusing the chapter with the most important were the security deterioration and the political instability.And in chapter four we tackled the commercial side starting with the markets in their two types the perminant and the temporary and the most importants weight and pecks which were used in morocco and Andalus and the types of currency and mony, the most important hotels, the prices which were almost effected by the public situations in the country in addition to the most important commercial roots wither in land or in marine, and the most important materials which were exported between maroccan cities from one side and between The different countries like morocco, sudon, The East, and Europe and The most important imports of Andalus from then from Rhe other side concluding The chapter with The most important factors effecting commerce like politics and fraud and also The Natural factors represented by The storms and Their effect in ships drawing.
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الالهة الشابة المذكرة بين الموت والانبعاث في الشرق الادنى القديم : دراسة في الوظائف والصفات The Male Young Deiteis Between Death And Resurrection In Anceint Near East A Studty In The Characters And Functions

اسم المؤلف: سرى حسين علي الحسوني
اسم المشرف: غسان عبد صالح
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The subject of this thesis is on of the most important subjects that is because it dealt with a content didn’t exist in any other study, it is also an attempt to understand the role of cosmos. The thesis also compared between the roles of these deities and show there and the role of each of them ,the role of them and what had been left of prints on his their society. So, to comprehend the subject as much as it could be, this study has been divided into four chapters preceded by a prelude devoted to explain the geographical sphere of the area of the research and a brief summery about each state of the enceinte Near East States and a conclusion : The first chapter : Includes the male young deities names and their worshiping places. It consisted of three sections ; the first section dealt with the deities names and there references where in it presented the meaning of each deity's name and its references. The second section dealt with the male young deities signals , which shows that each deity has signals distinguish it from the other deities. The third section emerges the geographical diffusion of the male young deities worshipping where the section shows the extent of the geographical spheres that these deities worshipped in them and the most distinguished temples of them. The second chapter : Includes the male young deities' functions and characters and it consisted of three sections. The first section dealt with the functions of the deities and emerges the importance of each function. The second section dealt with the character of these deities where we emerged in it the characters that distinguished each deity. The third section includes a comparison of these deities functions and characters. The third chapter : Dealt with studying the temporary death of the male young deities through three sections. The first section presented the ancient near east people thought about death and its terrors which represent the greatest enigma for human being. the second section detailed the temporary death of the male young deities where as for human being the immortal death is his fate , his deities were meeting a temporary death , and the section dealt with a comparison study of the male young deities. The forth chapter : Includes the male young deities resurrection and divided into three sections. The first section narrated the ancient near east people thought about resurrection which represents a solution to the enigma of death and an exit from it. The second section includes the resurrection of the male young deities which it was an attempt to understand the return of the breed and grow season return. While the third section consisted of a comparison to these deities resurrection. The conclusion of this study was an attempt to shed a light on the idea of death and resurrection of the male young deities in the ancient near east that reached to the following conclusions : Meanings references that are derivate from its functions which it has. Also the study explained the ancient worshipping of deity Dumuzy before the other deities where it worshipped in the forth millennium then the deity Auzeer then after it Baal and finally Telpino; so that is mean that worshipping the deity Dumuzy diffused from Mesopotamia to the rest of the near east countries to reach to the Nile Valley. Each of these deities has temples according the old instructions and texts. All these deities are associated in two functions which are the growth and life ; the death and resurrection. Also it was clear the functions of the deity Auzeer in the first state then the deity Baal then Dumuzy and finally Telpino , in adition to that the role of the deity Auzeer in the upper and lower worlds other than the other male young deities, and that was emerging from the religious Egyptian faith which interested in the lower world more than the upper world. Like the functions were the characters of the male young deities in similarity and differences. The study proved the belief of the ancient near east people in death and it is the fate of all people but at the same time the were afraid of it , so they put on the world of deaths nominees like darkness terror and also those who are running it of deities and devils. The study emerged the absence of all deities from the upper world , but that doesn't mean their all subjection to the real death; where the deity Telpino excepted from that because he canceled and didn't dye; and that absence was for a limited time according to the environment of each society ; except the deity Auzeer which remains in the lower world. The methods of death are associated among the three deities(Dumuzy,Azeer,Baal), according to one of the narratives they all killed, while differ in other narratives; this state also similar in wives.Resurrection wasn't strange on the people of Mesopotamia but they didn't adopt its faith not like the Egyptians who believed in it and considered it the exit of their worry on death , so they drew a nice picture to the after death world ; the same thing was for the Augharets and Hittites. The resurrection of deities were different. The resurrection of Dumuzy can not be happened without the existents of a another one go to the deaths world instead of him, while Auzeer resurrected by Izeas magic ways, the deity Baal resurrected by killing the enemy of the deity Mout and burning it and throwing its ash ; Telpino resurrected by a bee sting after that they held ceremonies to purify him from its anger.Finally the study emerged the importance of the male young deities role in the ancient near east in all the life joints, starting with the growth of plants passing to human being ending with animals
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