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دور Foxp جين والاحماض النووية الرايبوية متناهية الصغر ,145 ,146a ,20aفي عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض تصلب الاعصاب المنتشر == The Role of Foxp3 and MicroRNAs (20a, 146a, 145, and 155) in a Sample of Iraqi patients with Multiple sclerosis

اسم المؤلف: زينب عبد الاله عبد الجواد الجوادي

اسم المشرف: عائدة رشيد منصور الدرزي | بان عباس عبد المجيد

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Multiple sclerosis is a devastating central nervous system autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a series of inflammations, demyelinations, and neurodegenerations that affect the brain and spinal cord. The epigenetic studies specially micro Ribonucleic acid expression represent an important field of researches that probably uncover the obscurities behind the multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. The aims of the present work were to study the expression of micro Ribonucleic acids (20a, 146a, 155, and 145) and forkhead box P3 genes by real time polymerase chain reaction relative quantification technique, to correlate their expression according to different clinical parameters, and to perform chromosomal analysis on the multiple sclerosis patients peripheral blood lymphocytes. A case - control study was performed on 25 newly diagnosed untreated multiple sclerosis patients during their attendance to Multiple Sclerosis clinic, or during their admission to the Neuromedical ward (10th floor) in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and Special Nursing Home (5th floor) in Baghdad Medical City as well as from the Neuromedical Consultancy Unit in Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city, in addition to 25 apparently healthy controls which were medical staff with no history of having any autoimmune disease or receiving any steroid or immunomodulatory therapy. Furthermore, chromosomal analysis was performed for multiple sclerosis patients. This work was conducted during the period from 1st of April 2015 to 31st of March 2016.From a total of 25 multiple sclerosis patients, 23 of them were females and 2 were males with a female to male ratio (F : M) of 11.5 : 1. The ages of these patients ranged between 18 - 55 years; mean age was 33.32 + 9.45 years. Studying of micro Ribonucleic acids expression revealed a significant down - regulation in micro Ribonucleic acid - 20a and forkhead box P3 gene while up - regulation of micro Ribonucleic acid - 155 expression in multiple sclerosis patients in comparison to controls. Micro Ribonucleic acid - 146a was directly associated with inflammation, and multiple sclerosis disease activity. On the other hand, micro Ribonucleic acid - 145 was not associated with significant changes in its expression in relation to multiple sclerosis disease. Chromosomal analysis was done for multiple sclerosis patients and it was normal.In conclusion, multiple sclerosis is associated with significant changes in micro Ribonucleic acids expression including micro Ribonucleic acid - 20a, micro Ribonucleic acid - 146a, and micro Ribonucleic acid - 155 but not micro Ribonucleic acid - 145 as well as to a significant change in forkhead box P3 gene expression that can be measured by real time polymerase chain reaction technique. Furthermore, multiple sclerosis is not associated withgross chromosomal abnormalities.

ظاهرة التنمر ضمن طلاب المدارس الاعدادية في بغداد - الكرخ == BULLYING AMONG STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN BAGHDADKARKH

اسم المؤلف: حيدر مجيد يحيى

اسم المشرف: مشتاق طالب هاشم

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Background : Bullying is a major public health problem especially among students in high schools.Literature showed that bullying have an effect on mental, social, emotional, general behavior and academic function of students in school.Objective : To explore the prevalence of bullying among students in intermediate and secondary schools in Baghdad.Subjects and methods : A multi - stage stratified random sample of (302) students from intermediate and secondary schools in Baghdad - Karkh was included in the study; collection of data was done from October to December 2014. Using Focus Group Discussion each participant was directly interviewed to complete a questionnaire which contains four elements. First element was contained the sociodemographic information, Second element was formulated to measure the bullying depending on “Factors associated with bullying behavior in middle school students” by Bosworth, Espelage and Simon, and “A comparison of the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire for students in secondary school” by Bond, Wolfe, Tollit, Buttler and Patton, and “Development of the Multi - dimensional Peer Victimization Scale” by Mynard and Joseph. Third element was for measuring the frequency of symptoms of bullying, the statements were translated from a compendium of the National Center on Birth Defects andDevelopment disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fourth element was to assess the posttraumatic stress symptoms by using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire - Iraqi version for trauma symptoms (Part IV).Chi - square was used to examine the association between independent variables (socio - demographic variables and traumatic events) with dependent variables (bully, victim and witness). P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results : The rate of bullies was 24.3%, rate of victims was 38.8%, rate of sexual bullies was 17.1%, and rate of sexual victims was 21.4%. There was no significant statistical association between age and bullying (P=0.3).A significant association was noticed between sex and bullying (P=0.001).Bullying was varied significantly between resident area (P=0.004). A significant association was found between bullies with smoking and failure in school (P=0.001 for each).Conclusion : High prevalence of bullying (bullies, victims, sexual bullies and sexual victims) was found among student. The smoking and substance use was reported among the participants of study.Key words : Bullying, victimization, war, PTSD, Iraq.

تقييم تضييق الصمام التاجي باستخدام طريقة PISA للمرضى العراقيين بواسطة الايكو == Assessment of Mitral Valve stenosis by Simplifying proximal Isovelocity surface area in Iraqi Patients by Trans thoracic Echocardiography

اسم المؤلف: محمد جاسم حتروش

اسم المشرف: غازي فرحان حاجي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب

الدرجة: دبلوم عالي

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Background : Mitral Stenosis refers to narrowing of the mitral valve orifice, resulting in impairment of filling of the left ventricle in diastole. It is usually caused by rheumatic heart disease. Proximal isovelocity surface area measurement, also known as the “flow convergence” method, can be used in Transthoracic Echocardiography to estimate the area of an orifice through which blood flows.Objectives : To compare simple PISA equation, created by combined fixing the angle to 1000 and the Val to 33 cm/s, with mitral valve area measured by pressure half time and planimetry which was taken as reference method.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in multi teaching centers (Baghdad teaching hospital, Ibin AL Nafees hospital, Ibn AL Bitar hospital and Ghazi AL Harriry teaching hospital) from the June 2015 to the June 2016. 104 patients were enrolled in this study, 41 were excluded from the study (patients with mild mitral stenosis, with aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation and those with poor window were excluded from the study). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination include para sternal long axis, apical four chamber and parasternal short axis view were used to analyze parameters were selected by M - mode, 2D, and pulse doppler Results : There were 63 patients enrolled in this study with a mean age of 45.4 ± 7.1years, (23.8%) of them within the age group 30 - 39 years and the remaining (76.2%) were > 40 years. Female patients were the dominant represented 73.0% while male were 7.0% of the studied group (female : male ratio was 3 : 1); (61.9%) were in sinus rhythm and (38.1%) in atrial fibrillation. 58.7% of the patients are with Wilkin's score less than8, the mean mitral valve area according to planimetry method was (1.14 ± 0.32) cm2 and it was (1.12 ± 0.28) cm2 by PISA while the mean mitral valve area by pressure half time method was (1.19 ± 0.30) cm2. The agreement between PISA and planimetry revealed that PISA had good agreement with planimetry in diagnosis of mitral stenosis, (kappa= 0.835, P< 0.001). On the other hand, there was a fair significant agreement between pressure half time and planimetry.Conclusions : PISA method can effectively predict mitral valve area and severity of mitral stenosis by the equation; mitral valve area = 115 _ r2/Vmax, Provided that aliasing velocity is fixed at 33 cm/s, with the advantage of easy calculation over other methods used to evaluate mitral valve area by Trans thoracic Echocardiography.