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اناشيد الطفولة في الـعراق1880م - 1940م : دراسة موضوعية فنية == Children's Songs in Iraq 1880 - 1940 A.D An objective and artistic study
Author name:
حسيـــــن عطيـة علوان الس لطاني
Supervisor name:
علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
General topic:
Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic:
Language
Degree:
Master
University:
Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Muthanna
First pages:
01T4814 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The poetic texts that came smooth - spoken out of the mouths of children's song poets to be poured in the ears of our dear children are verily worth of studying and contemplation to explore the contents which they followed in order to nurture our young generations who are considered the basic edifice for each society in terms of spiritual nurturing and a good mentality promoting their thought when young and aiding them in old age.As a result of feeling of the importance of these children's songs for the child's taste and for winning his desire and care, the researcher opted that the topic of the thesis will be (Children's Poetry in Iraq) . But after a discussion with the supervisors and for objective reasons , it has been agreed to have the topic as (Children's Songs in Iraq : an objective and artistic study) which is a part of Children's poetry so that we could shed light on children's songs in Iraq from 1880 - 1940.,to show Iraqi people and the whole nation ,about the pure poets and religious men and feeding parents and linguistics and a group of famous Iraqi poets, for their efforts in poetry concerning national ,religious moral and scientific for new generation and giving high patron ship and pure for proud hearing and know the methods they use for targeted direction .The reason behind our stop for the year 1940 A.D is that; we shoud identify the beginning because it was unknown ,since there were no preceding theses to determind this period,to start from where it had finished,after we had deeply discussed in this thesis ,we should stop in the limit of the aspects which should be very clear,this was because this thesis is the only one in Iraq which is specialized in children's songs,and we put a beginning in the year 1880 A.D,when we calculate sources that fit the requirements for the thesis up to the year 1940 A.D,we stop to the overcoming of the different aspects , because past sixty years enriched the thesis and covered all what we need,if add other information ,there is a need for another thesis, because of the big efforts which were neglected and not studied.There are several reasons make us choose this title ,thus we seek all narrating works written concerning children's songs before weapply for postgraduate study this was the first.Secondly the necessity of revealing and showing in different theses in Iraqi and Arab universities,to know the names of those poets and their efforts in this modern literature which was mentioned previously throughout this thesisThirdly ;knowing their writings and distributions in this literature and their participation with others in editing poetic groups relating to children's songs and their efforts in this fieldFourthly ,attaching senior of the Iraqi children's poets and their verse ,they passes through this verse simply not deeply.in such that one of the famous Egyptian researchers in children's literature (Dr Ahmed Zalad ) could not distinguish the senior between (Al rusafi and Mustafa Jawad) in his thesis in children's literature)( origins, concept ,pioneers)168Fifthly ;necessity of knowing the figures of speech which Iraqi children's poets had deeply discussed and how they make benefit from these styles to serve the new generation and the effort done by each one sixth;Sheding light on the methods of using story , poetic play ,myth ,symbol..as could we get away and would they study these things in their verse during their beginning.Seventh;determine the poetic pioneering for each group pf poets and know the most important artistic criteria Eighth;Explaing the ambiguity for many researchers and university theses and distinguishing between poetry . As such, the thesis has been assigned a preface in which we have studied songsidiomatically and conventionally as well as their roots in Arabic poetry . We have traced the origination in classical Arabic poetry and the development in modern Arabic poetry, and we have discussed the viewpoints of both Iraqi and Arab scholars. We have also uncovered many views that have no tangible reality.Chapter one has been devoted to the origination of children's songs in Iraq and their development in Ottoman and British rule and upon the formation of the Iraqi state till the actual formation down to 1940.Chapter two is about the vision or objective goals where we have studied the enthusiastic, sentimental,educational,sociable,psychological and entertaining goals.Chapter three has been devoted to the technical study in which we dealt with the language of the songs, their forms and music. We have presented a detailed study regarding the musical leadership of the Iraqi poets of children's songs supporting our argument with poetic texts.The research has arrived at the following findings : 1. The people of Iraq being scholars, poets, men of letters and educators had for each of them an initiative and a minaret in the fields of poetry, literature, science, language and art in general. We havenot been motivated to assert this out of prejudice and partiality , rather we have been impressed by the facts of achievement. It has become, therefore, clear for us that they had the leadership in the children's song throughout the whole Arab world and for eighteen good years.2. The efforts of men of religion, linguists , great poets , judges and educators have been exerted to find poetry that was fit for children nurturing their tastes without exhausting them in its reading or its being hard for understanding . All this was around the last quarter of the 19th century A.D.3. Those noble prominent people forced their way to find very short , original and newly - used meters . They were preceded by none to such an extent that their poetic and musical leadership became the model for coming generations and the pole molar around which the songs evolved.4. The first category of the first generation was less varied in topics because it stressed the national, religious and moral aspect while the second category came to complete what the first overlooked. Then the second and third generations came and so on and so forth. They were more open - minded to all constructive topics , contents and noble sublime purposes.5. It has been manifested that more than twenty two works in forms of a single collection of poetry or joint collections have contained more than one hundred and fifty songs . A quarter of this effort has not been achieved by the whole Arab world even after its publication in the Arab journals and papers.6. Great linguists such as Mustafa Jawad and Islamic historians such as Mahmood Al - Mallah and Sheikh Qassim Al - Sha'ar have joined hands with great poets such as Ar - Russafi and the philosopher Az - Zahawi to produce this innovated poetry . This renders invalid the claim that children's poetry attracted only the weak and incapable poets. Rather, the converse was true.7. Reclining on some objective visions (goals) such as the enthusiastic vision in its being the love of homeland was one of the findings in the research. This also includedfeeling proud of self - esteem and the political life in Iraq and urging the people to resist colonialism.8. As far as poetic language is concerned, they laid emphasis in their poetry on war utterances which won the first place . As for the utterances of glory and pride , the word glory has been mentioned eleven times and pride eight times while other words were mentioned in less frequency.9. The poetic images for those pioneers were carefully selected in special spiritand scientifically so that it could be at the disposal of the child's taste. The poets were found to be acquainted with all forms of rhetoric devices.10. As regards the external music, the acatalectic ramalmeteroccupied the first rank followed by the acatalectic rajazandkamilrespectively,while other meters followed them. The rhymes had also similar presencewhere the nun rhyme won the first place.11. For internal music , the alliteration won the first place followed by the repetition.12. As for the methodology ( trends), they touched upon it in a transparent way. They aimed at the deliberate use of educational, social and psychological matters.13. It has become manifest that the vision of the ancient classical poet was different from the modern one according to the environment and culture for each age . The ancient poet wrote for his child while the modern poet looked at the child asan independent entity with capabilities and desires14. Accordingly and as Dr. Omar Ahmed Al - Talib has proved as regards the child's theatre and what the research has proved, the last quarter of the 19th century and specifically the year1880 was the real birth of children's literature in Iraq and the Arab homeland in general under the leadership of Iraqi children's song poets
