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دور الشبكات الخضراء في الاستدامة الحضرية للمدن حالة دراسية مدينة اربيل == The Role Of Green Networks In Cities Urban Sustainability Case Study/Erbil City
Author name:
سيماء خالد نور الدين الفارس
Supervisor name:
نادية عبد المجيد السلام
General topic:
Urban Planning
Specific topic:
Urban and Regional Planning
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
09T479 - p.pdf
Abstract:
During the last few decades, the globe witnessed a remarkable change towards rapid urbanization by which people have changed their life style.This has led city inhabitants to consequent demands and needs causing new land manipulation on the account of open and natural spaces in all cities in general and in Iraqi cities in particular resulting into : increasing population and expand ing the geographic area of the cities compared to the rural areas by which they are surrounded. Consequently, the previously mentioned reasons have resulted in the emergence of several problems which have doubled the burden on these cities and their citizens as well. In addition , neglecting the importance of urban open spaces which play an essential role in the planning procedures of the cities and their natural scenes. This has motivated architectures and planning administrations of a great number of the world's most economically and structurally developed countries to adopted this issue which has resulted in a number of planning movements aiming at conducting researches to find a specific system adopting the open space in all its types and emphasizing its importance.These movements have developed through time to reach to the (green networks)movement. Being newly researched and rarely been dealt with , the research problem has been crystallized namely ; (1 - Lack of clarity of green networks concept and its characteristics and effective indicators ; 2 - Iraqi cities suffer from pollution and penetrative actions on the natural spaces which surrounds these).The research aims at (1 - identifying and clarifying the concept of green networks and characteristics and effective indicators 2 - Determining the role of green networks in planning Iraqi cities ).The study hypothesis is : (1 - Green Network and indicators work according to a comprehensive framework starts from the highest national or regional level towards the lowest point in the site 2 - Niglecting to relay on the role of green networks in Iraqi cities is considered the main reason of pollution problem and penetrating on the surrounding spaces). In its introduction, the research is based on a number of observations and readings relevant to the subject which confirms that a defect exists in the role of open urban spaces.Throughout the four chapters, the researcher seeks to present a comprehensive view through studying the root of the problem which is Urban Open Space with its significance and classifications reaching to the most important problems which have affected its role in planning reaching up to the network.The researcher also provides an apparent perspectives of green networks clarifying their components and objectives as it is part of urban sustainability so these networks achieve their goals in the cities in order to set up a planning process which should be followed to reach a preliminary vision to form the features of an integrated comprehensive system. This system can combine joints of what may have remained of the nature in cities and can connect it to the surroundings.Throughout her study, The researcher clarifies this network and its comprehensiveness by studying its levels and eliciting the most important features by which it is characterized and they are namely; ( identity ,connectivity , integration and multi - functional duty ).Finally, through studying the characteristics of green networks and their secondary axes, the researcher has reached to derive several key indicators which have been enhanced by including examples of international experiences and the most important standards and quality values.Moreover, she has classified the indicators according to two axes namely; (natural greening and manufactured greening).These two axes and their secondary indicators are considered as tools by which green networks are applied and work together to get to the efficient green networks and apply them on the ground. Those axes and indicators have been used to assess the status of proposed green network in the basic design (2007 )of Erbil city to get an apparent idea about the most important problems. The purpose behind that is to assess the extent of applying this plan on reality of the city in the year of the study to determine the causes of delay in implementation and reluctance. Moreover, the researcher has presented initial idea of proposed integrated Green Network to the city in addition to public and special recommendations to reach an achievement of multi - functional open spaces of an integrated system in the region.
