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التحليل الجغرافي لاثر العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في السلوك الانجابي للمراة في قضاء الديوانية : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == The Geographic Analysis For The Effect Of The Social And The Economic Factors In The Procreative Behavior For Women In Al - Diwaniya District (A Study In The Social Geography)
Author name:
هند عبد الله جواد الحمداوي
Supervisor name:
حسين عذاب عطشان الجبوري
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Qadisiyah
First pages:
10T1310 - p.pdf
Abstract:
هدفت الدراسة الى الكشف عن مظاهر السلوك الانجابي للمراة في قضاء الديوانية ومعرفة اهم العوامل التي اثرت في هذا السلوك، والتي ادت الى اختلاف مظاهره من مكان لاخر، ثم توضيح معدلات الخصوبة السكانية التي تنتج عن السلوك الانجابي للمراة في قضاء الديوانية وهو واحد | The study aims at discovering the indicators of the procreative behavior for women in AL - Diwaniya District. It also aims at discovering the factors that affect on this behavior and that lead to the difference in its indicators from a place to another.Then , it clarifies the ratios of populated fertility that are produced by the procreative behavior for women in AL - Diwaniya District. It is one of four district which are included in AL - Qadisiya Governorate. It is located to the north of AL - Qadisiya province and it consists of four administrative units (the centre and AL - Saniya , AL - Shafiaya and AL - Daghara district). To achieve this study , we use some quantitative methods. We use the Link Factor for Berson and the Equation of Multi - Steps Regression to clarify the relation between the social and economic factors and the procreative behavior for woman that is represented by the separation between births, The study depends on the results of the general enumeration for population in 1997. It completes its data through the field study in 2014 that is represented by the questionnaire. I designed a questionnaire form and distributed it on a sample of people that reached to size (752) family. I chose them according to accredited statistical methods for choosing the best sample. The study is divided into an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter includes the populated characteristics for the study area. The second chapter includes the geographical distribution for the indicators of the procreative behavior for woman in AL - Diwaniya District. In the third chapter I talk about the geographical distribution for the ratios of populated fertility. The fourth chapter includes the social and economic factors that affect on the procreative behavior for woman. Also, I examined the effect of these factors statistically by using some of the statistical methods. The study reached to some results. One of them is that the procreative behavior for women takes many forms. They are ( the delay of the first birth , the desire of procreation , the separation between births , the stoppage of procreation and the use of family organization’s means). The procreative behavior which is represented by the separation between births is more comprehensive because it has strong relations with the other phenomena. The woman who separates between birth doesn’t want to procreate and stops gradually. She always delays the first birth and uses family organization’s means for separation. The study’s result also shows the correlation between the procreation’s desire and its continuity between women. Its ratios reached to (46?) and (42,4?) respectively. These ratios raised in the rural environment and decreased in the urban. The unwilling of procreation between women is connected with its continuity. Its ratios reached to (54?) and (57,6?) respectively. These ratios raised in the urban environment and decreased in the rural. It is obvious that the ratio of women who separate between births is high and reached to (65,9?) in comparison with those who don’t separate between births where it reached to (34,1?). In the urban environment , the ratio of women who separate between births increased and decreased in the rural environment. It reached to (81,9?) and (32,2?) respectively. In addition to that , it is clear that a few ratio of married women became pregnant and procreated through the first year of their marriage and it reached to (35,6?) of the total. This ratio decreased in the urban and increased in the rural. The decline in the urban belongs to that the procreative culture for urban women is high because of their developed level of education ;therefore ; they tend to delay the first birth. Also, the ratio of women who use the means of procreation ‘s organization raised and reached to (66,2?). This ratio raised in the urban and decreased in the rural and this belongs to the encouragement of procreation in the rural environment because of the decline in the educational level for woman in this environment and their prevailing habits and traditions which encourage procreation. The study showed that the ratios of populated fertility raised in general. And it showed that the woman in AL - Diwaniya District follows procreative behavior which leads to the decline of procreation. This indicates that the woman doesn’t stop procreation unless she gets the required number of babies. The ratio of procreative behavior for woman in AL - Diwaniya District represents the time of holding the field study while fertility is the result of previous procreation behavior. If we follow the spatial differences for woman’s procreative behavior and its real fertility, we can see that there is inverse relation between them. When the ratio of women who separate between births raised, the ratio of fertility decreased as it is shown in the centre of AL - Qadisiya and AL - Daghara Districts where the ratio of women who separate between births raised and the average of fertility decreased. In addition to that , the study shows through the statistical analysis that there is extreme relation between the procreation behavior which is represented by(separation between births ) and all the changes which are represented by (living by rent). The ratio of those who live by rent reached to (24,8?) and {( the area of the living units )(150m² or less)}. The ratio of people who live in houses their areas less than (150m²) is (22,2?). And (the educational level for women) which is represented by those who get the preparatory certificate reached to (21,8?). This ratio raised in the urban environment. It reached to (29,3?) and decreased in the rural where it reached to (6?). And (those who get the college degree and higher),their ratio reached to (27,9?).In addition to the population of working women. The statistical analysis shows that there is a reversal relation between(separation between births) and the changes which are represented by (the number of rooms in the living unit) (3 rooms and less).The population of people who live in houses which consist of (3 rooms and less) is (64,4?). And (the educational level) which is represented by (women who don’t get any scientific certificate) which means those who read and write only. Their ratio reached to (24,5?). This indicates that the educational level in AL - Diwaniya District is still low. This ratio decreased in the urban environment and raised in the rural one. And (women working in agriculture), their ratio reached to (4,9?). And(women who marry in early age) (19 years), their ratio reached to (26,9?) of the total. This ratio raiseds significantly in the rural areas and reached to (67,1?). And (families with low income) (about 200,000 or less), their ratio reached to (36,4?). This level of income concentrates in the country. The procreative behavior for woman is not the result of the effect of one factor. Each factor affects the procreative behavior in certain ratio. This ratio differs from a woman to another and from an environment to another because the procreative behavior for the woman is the result of the effects of these factors and there may be other factors which are not discovered yet. The statistical analysis shows strong links between the factors that affect the procreative behavior. Therefore, reversal relations appeared between the income and the population of people who live by rent and extreme relations between the income and the area of the living unit and the number of rooms there. There is also reversal relation between the education and the early marriage , and between the functional work and the early marriage. Also, there is extreme relations between the agricultural job and the early marriage. The study clarifies through the application of the Function Gradient which is used for determining the changes that interpreted the procreative behavior for woman that the factors such as (the number of room in the living unit , women who get the preparatory certificate and those who get the college degree) interpreted about(99?) from the changes in the procreative behavior for woman which is represented by (separation between births). This doesn’t mean that the other factors don’t affect the procreative behavior but they have indirect effects through their effect in the factor of (the number of the rooms and education). Therefore, the income has a strong relation with the number of the rooms in the living unit and with the educational level. The education also affects on the age of marriage and the kind of job that the woman does
