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ظاهرة المحال في النحو العربي == The Phenomenon of Impossible in Arabic Grammar
Author name:
سهاد محمد جواد عبد الحسين الحسناوي
Supervisor name:
اسيل عبد الحسين حميدي الخفاجي
General topic:
Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic:
Language
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Babylon
First pages:
01T4917 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Praise belongs to God, the lord of all being. Blessings and peace be upon the most noble of Messengers, the Prophet Mohammad and on his kinsman and disciples.The one who contemplates Arabic speech finds a high level of diction, rhetoric and eloquence. It truly was the speaker's identification and tongue expressing his desires and feelings to reach the level that every Arabian speaker aspires to reach to.This speech was glorified and honored when God made it the language of the Holy Quran. So, our scholars were keen to keep it away from the non - Arab tongue in order to preserve the holy words of God from mistakes and solecism and show its meanings. There is no doubt that when our scholars made the rules of Arabic language, they have established rules and principles that govern the grammatical theory, from which there could be no derogation, by our scholars such as AL - HADHRAMI (died in 117 H.), ESSA BIN OMAR (Died in 149 H), ABI AMRO BIN AL - ALAA (Died in 154 H.), AL - KHALEEL BIN AHMED AL - FARAHIDI (Died in 175 H.) and SIBAWAIH (Died in 180 H.) who could write a grammar book.The importance of this study is lied in the fact that it reveals one of the terms discussed by the scholars to describe what was incorrect grammatically so that it would reflect on meaning negatively. Therefore, I have preferred to be familiar with the speech that is impossible to be uttered by the Arabs as it is incorrect in terms of structure and meaning. I wanted to state the impossible speech against the possible one. The study was limited to the grammatical level and semantic level. As the old scholars' linguistic term means syntax and semantics, the thesisCis titled "the phenomenon of impossible speech in Arabic Grammar".I have faced a lot of difficulties during writing this research representing in the concept itself and how to find references as it has not been tackled by most of grammarians, it does not include all grammar items and the vocable "impossible" has many meanings; some mentioned it as impossible and others may mention it as refrained or corrupted, or sometimes not allowed as well as the vocable "impossible" that was developed by grammarians was not justified in some places so that it becomes a burden on the researcher, but I have done my best to be acquainted with it through getting information from AL - KHALEEL and all the way to Dr. FADHIL AL - SAMARRAEE. Previous related studies are : the phenomenon of prohibition in Arabic Grammar (a Master thesis) written by MAZIN ABDULRASOOL and supervised by Prof. Dr. KHADEEJA AL - HADEETHI, prejudice in the linguistic lesson (a PhD. Thesis) written by NAJLAA HAMEED MAJEED and supervised by Prof. Dr. RAHEEM AL - HASNAWI and " SIBAWAIH'S Concept of impossibility : its dimensions and controls for Dr. LATEEFA IBRAHIM AL - NAJJAR".The research includes an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion.In the introduction, I have dealt with "the concept of impossible" linguistically and idiomatically and I have stated its evolution. Moreover, I have put the lights on who had the lead in referring to it and stating it as well as its synonyms.The first chapter is under the title of : "impossible in the predicate" which includes two topics : the first one is theDimpossible in the nominal structure and the second topic is the impossible in verbal structure. I have discussed, In both topics, the impossible in the subject and predicate, verb and subject , operator, infinitive and Present participle.The second chapter is "the impossible in the non - predicate elements (redundancy)", where it contains two topics : the first one is "the impossible in objects" and the second one is "the impossible in semi - objects". In both topics, I have dealt with the grammatical questions in which the impossible was mentioned in the section of "the object, adverbs, vocative and exception.The third chapter is "the impossible in prepositions"", where it contains three topics : the first one is "prepositions of single letters" such as ف , ك , ل and others; the second one is "prepositions of double letters " such as اذ , ان , لا. The third one is " prepositions of triple letters" such as اذا , وان , واي and others.The fourth chapter is "the impossible in styles and other issues" which is in two topics : the first one is divided into two sections . The first one is "the impossible in styles" such as the interrogation, conditionals, exclamation and superlatives. The second one is "Effects of the speech structure" in terms of fronting and backing, indication and deletion. The second topic is " impossible in miscellaneous issues" such as relative pronouns and clauses, the agreement of two different requests on the infinitive in one case, combine two definite nouns and others.After those chapters, there is a conclusion including the most important results reached by the researcher which are the following : E1. The research has indicated that AL - KHALEEL IBN AHMED AL - FARAHIDI is the first one who refers to the impossible in his book "AL - AIN", then his student SIBAWAIH has given details about the impossible in his book. And IBN JINI in the chapter "impossible and its characteristics".2. It was clear for the researcher that the impossible is a term named by old grammarians to describe the incorrectness, it has not been called by the name impossible but refrained, corrupted, groundless, not possible and not allowed. i.e. every impossible is not allowed but not every not allowed is impossible.3. The research proved that there are impossible due to structure (composition) and impossible due to meaning because the speech is for a meaning and a benefit and if it was out of benefit, it would be impossible according to the grammarians' view.The researcher has taken her information from many references such as Al - Kitab for SIBAWAIH, Al - Muqtadhab for AL - MUBRAD, Al - Usool in Al - Nahoo for IBN SIRAJ, Al - Eidhah for ABI ALI ALFARISI, Al - Nahoo Al - Wafi for ABBAS HASAN as well as Maani Al - Nahoo for FADHIL AL - SAMMARAEE and others.After all that, I pastorate myself to Allah for helping me to complete this work.
