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تاثيرات سد العظيم على العمليات الجيومورفولوية لنهر دجلة == Effects of The Udhiam Dam on Geomorphologic operations of Tigris River
Author name:
حيدر باسم فرحان البندر التميمي
Supervisor name:
قاسم يوسف شتيت الشمري
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
10T1661 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The research study ((udhaim dam on the hydrological processes and geomorphological of the Tigris River effects)) the program of geographic information systems (GIS) has been used in this study for purpose of analysis and comparison and, connection and mapping to reach the most accurate results, the study area is located between latitudes (38' 33 ° - 43 35 °) north and longitudes (44' 43 ° - 28' 45 °) to the east, an area of (13,500) km 2, located within the study area and the sidewalk is unstable units within the scope of secondary Tigris.It has been studying the natural characteristics of the study area and its impact on the establishment of the influence of a udhaim dam on the study area as a whole as it has been studying the region respects geological and topographical to see their suitability for the establishment of the dam at this site show that the geological structure of the area with a high shoulders have helped to set up the dam at this location , either climate, it is characterized as a semi - dry and it's a transition between the Mediterranean climate and desert climate as it has been issued by the Ministry of Transport, Public Authority for the rough waters of weather and climate data analysis and monitoring of seismic and four stations within the study area for a period of 30 years and five climatic elements, namely, (heat and rain, relative humidity and evaporation and wind) to see its impact on the study area and show that rains a significant impact on the study area as the rainstorms severe sudden they lead to soil occurrence of a sweeping lead to increased discharges Great River dramatically so that waves a flood of high influence on the course of the Tigris River and receive large amounts occur of sediment in it before the creation of the dam, as was the soil study and found that most of the study area covered by soil (Lithoslols), as the red soil structure spread amid the tub while soil flood plain near the rivers spread over the length of the study area.The plant turned out to be natural forests spread in the northern part of the study area and prevail steppe plants in the middle of the region but the desert plants in the south of the area of study and the plants ofthe banks of rivers and plants easy spate of the Tigris River by the proximity of the river.As it turns out through study different the annual quarterly and monthly and daily Great River discharges incoming to the Tigris River as a result of the different distribution of the annual rains, quarterly and monthly before the creation of the dam, as it was far at most in months (March and April and June), now to make a significant impact in controlling the high discharges and stored in rainy seasons and launched in the draught during the summer months, which means that the dam has achieved convergence between discharges during the year, as the dam may impact on water quality and discharges by increasing concentrations of salt to the waters of the udhaim river more than it was before the creation of the dam, especially in the summer , it turns out that the groundwater recharge is very limited and it does not exceed (1%) and most reservoirs containing groundwater is characterized by high salinity in the waters.The dam impact on geomorphological processes, has been compared to terrestrial forms resulting from erosion processes and sediment in the course of the river for a period before and after construction, it appeared to make a significant impact on these operations by reducing discharges received from the udhaim River and reduce the water current speed, as well as the lack of tyranny flood directed on because of the control of the dam Court on discharges and levels, as The reason for this control to the high flexibility that characterizes the ability of the dam to store large amounts of water during rain, where led to the rule of construction operations at the expense of the demolitions resulting in an increase the number of river islands , area where the increased number of river islands after the creation of the dam by (100%). wich increased the breadth of flood plain because of sedimentation and the integration of river islands with it. The deposition processes are very clear at the end of the study area toward areas by increasing the islands significantly.
