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تاثير فاصلة ومعاملات الري وتغطية سطح التربة في بعض خصائصها وانتاج نخلة التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. == Effect of interval and methods irrigation in addition soil surface mulching on some soil properties and production of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L
Author name:
عبد الرحمن داود صالح الحمد
General topic:
Agricultural sciences
Specific topic:
Soil and Water
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
31T1825 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The study was conducted in an agricultural field which located at Abu - AlKhaseeb distruct /20 Km south of Basra City , during the season of growth (2013 and 2014) on a land area about one hectare, a clay soil texture and classified as Typic torrifluvents. In order to study the effect of method and interval irrigation and mulching soil surface in some physical and chemical properties of the soil and production of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Hillawi c.v. The irrigation method factor included four treatments; drip irrigation method (D) and surface irrigation (S) and rotation method (DS) (rotation drip irrigation with surface irrigation in binary cycle) and tide irrigation method (T), while the mulching factor included three treatments : nylon (N) and coverage waste (W) and no mulching (no). Irrigation interval factor included three treatments are (4 ,8, 12) day. Experiment carried out in factorial Experiment with random complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, the addition of irrigation water calculated from the basin American evaporation (Evap.Pan Class - A - ), which was erected in the study site, plus 20% as leaching requirements.Below is a summary of the study results : 1 - The addition of irrigation water by the irrigation methods (D, DS, S) increase the moisture content significantly for different depths of soil compared with traditional irrigation treatment (tidal). Surface irrigation treatment shows higher values in the moisture content, followed by treatment of irrigation alternately then treated drip irrigation, irrigation with treated showed tidal lowest values. The irrigation methods (drip, drip - surface, surface) increased in moisture content values with lack of a period irrigation, especially when the interval 4 day. Moisture content of the irrigation methods treatments increased significantly values morally using coverage, particularly nylon except irrigation treatment tidal which were not increase significantly. The moisture content values increase significantly with depth for all experimental treatments, and she took to decline at the end of the first season and the second compared to the first season.2 - The treatment of traditional irrigation (tidal) showed the lowest values in the bulk density, followed by treatment of drip irrigation and treatment of rotation and then surface irrigation treatment for all depths .The results showed increased bulk density values of all treatments with depth ,also that the use of the nearby interval and coverage nylon contributed to maintaining the values of bulk density and showed superior in giving the lowest value for the density. Increased bulk density values with the progress of seasonal growth of all treatments and three depths of soil.3 - The use of irrigation methods (drip, drip - surface, surface) to a significant decrease in the values of Mean Weighted Diameter (MWD) compared with the traditional method of irrigation (tidal) and the order of the effect for the irrigation methods is S <DS <D <T. The results showed that values increase with the progress of the growing season, except for the treatment of traditional irrigation (T) with superiority of depth (0 - 30) cm on other depths.4 - The cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate Increased in the soil with the traditional irrigation treatment compared to using other methods of irrigation and the methods irrigation taken following order in the cumulative infiltration and infiltration rateS <DS <D <T. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate values increased with using mulching especially with nylon and follow short - rang irrigation interval .5 - The use of irrigation methods (drip, drip - surface, surface) decreased the electrical conductivity values on different depths of soil compared with traditional irrigation treatment (tidal), which maintained a significant increase in the electrical conductivity values, especially in (0 - 30 ,30 - 60 ,) cm depth, followed by treatment of drip irrigation and surface irrigation, The rotation treatment DS showed high efficiency in salts washing rate in all depths and recorded the lowest values in the electrical conductivity .The results showed that the using of mulching, especially nylon contributed significantly in reducing the electrical conductivity values, and that the exposed treatment showed higher values, as the results showed that the using of long interval increase in the electrical conductivity values .Other than increase the electrical conductivity values of the surface depth of all treatments and it decreased significantly at both ends of the first and second seasons, compared with the beginning of the experiment except for the treatment of tidal which remained conservative values until the end of the experiment .6 - The use of irrigation methods (drip, rotation, surface) contributed to the significant increase of the values of productivity (weight, size, length, total sugars, dry weight and total yield) of Date Palm compared with the use of traditional irrigation method (tidal ) .The irrigation methods takes the following order in productivity : T <S <D <DS. The results showed that a significant increase in productivity with use short interval and the use of nylon mulching style. The results showed that increase in productivity in the second season compared to the first season.
