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الاصلاح الاقتصادي : التجربة المصرية وامكانية التطبيق في الاقتصاد العراقي == Economic Reform Egyptian Experience And The Possibility of Application In The Iraqi Economy
Author name:
اسلام محمد محمود عبد العاطي
Supervisor name:
علي عبد الهادي سالم
General topic:
Administration and Economics
Specific topic:
Economy
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Anbar - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Anbar
First pages:
07T4323 - p.pdf
Abstract:
This study addressed the policies of economic reform is an important topic of economic subjects, which is an important tool to bring about some positive changes on the macro - economic indicators of the economies of developing countries. This study seeks to identify the economic and social implications that have emerged when these policies have been applied in Egypt as one of the countries that suffer from permanent disability in the balance of payments as the application of these policies because of economic pressures on large Egyptian economy especially in the eighties with a view to correct the course of the Egyptian economy , it is possible to benefit the Iraqi economy, which has implemented economic reform policies from the experiences of other countries, including Egypt, in the positive aspects and try to reduce the negative effects that result. The study found that the economic reform policies introduced in Egypt under the supervision of the IMF and World Bank have had a positive effect on some macroeconomic indicators, but it produced effects and socio - economic negative After this presentation center for the Egyptian experience can point to the most important conclusions of the study and most important : 1. The monetary policy in Egypt to reduce the high rates of inflation pressure by domestic demand and the use of treasury bills as inflation rate fell from (30%) in 1990 to (2.1%) in 2001, but rose gradually thereafter to reach (9.5%) in 2007 due to the decision of liberating the Egyptian pound in 2003. 2. Successful monetary policy in Egypt to reduce the rate of dollarization (37.3%) in 1991 to (21.35%) in 2000 through the conversion of more deposits in Egyptian banks in foreign currency to the pound. 3. Successful monetary policy in Egypt to reduce the budget deficit, public (2218) million dollars in 1991 to (688) million in 1997 by relying on contractionary policies increase public revenues and reducing public expenditure, which led to the deterioration of health and education levels and contributed to increased rates of unemployment , But reducing public expenditure was a catalyst for monetary policy in reducing inflation. 4. Allocative policy led to a rise in unemployment in Egypt, which in turn led to a negative social outcomes in addition to the escalating pace of financial and administrative corruption in state institutions. 5. Resulted from the policies of price liberalization in all sectors of the economy and liberalization of trade and exchange rate depreciation increasing Egyptian exports of (2360) million dollars in 1991 to (24454.6) million dollars in 2007, but it does not reduce its trade deficit because of increased imports from college (10500.9) million dollars in 1991 to (43289.7) million dollars in 2007 to increase the total consumption of investment goods and consumer goods. 6. Co - economic reform policies with the political factors in reducing the total external debt on Egypt to drop the total external debt (52,027) billion dollars in 1988 to (32,840) billion dollars in 2007. 7. The increase in GDP in Egypt (34220) million dollars in 1991 to (127994) million dollars in 2007 was the result of increase in public revenues within the framework of fiscal policy and increase Egyptian exports. 8. All social indicators resulting from the application of economic reform policies in Egypt are negative indicators such as high rates of unemployment and increased poverty and deterioration of health, education and inequality in the distribution of income between members of the community and the high rate of drug addiction and delayed age of marriage among young people. 9. The application of economic reform policies in Iraq is not optional but mandatory because of Iraq's debts accumulated by non - trade agreement came as the settlement application Iraq to economic reform policies for a discount (80%) of debt owed by Iraq. 10. The auctions by the central bank is high because the dollar value of the Iraqi (1936) dinars to the dollar in 2003 to (1186) dinars to the dollar in 2009 in addition to exchange rate stability in the past three years. 11. The increase in Iraqi exports (17810) million in 2003 to (36400) million in 2007 due to increased exports of crude oil form (92.61%) in 2007 and not because of economic activities undertaken by the state. Recommendations1. Not selling the whole public sector in Egypt and to continue the policy of specialty because it increased unemployment and increased the differences between members of Egyptian society, but should be complementary to the private sector, public sector projects and not a substitute for them to work together, and thus, improve product Egyptian because of competition between the two sectors, thus raising Egyptian exports further. 2. Support of some essential commodities because the Egyptian policy of liberalization of prices for all sectors of the economy have increased the prices of most essential commodities. 3. To support foreign investment in Egypt to new assets only because of foreign investment in Egypt did not want the role because of his preference for ready - made assets. 4. Benefit the Iraqi economy to some positive aspects that resulted from the Egyptian experience, such as that aimed at monetary and fiscal policy to reduce the high rates of inflation by working to improve the quasi - money and the establishment of an effective financial market in order to influence the amount of money in circulation. 5. Continuation of auctions by the central bank at the present time because of these auctions was the reason the President in the exchange rate stability in recent years in addition to its success in controlling inflation. 6. Work for economic diversification in Iraq to improve Iraq's exports to constitute an important resource with the proceeds of the oil sector of the Iraqi economy. 7. Not to exaggerate the reduction rate of exchange at the present time, as Iraq possessed no any industrial or agricultural exports because the exchange rate depreciation could increase the amount of exports to lower prices in local currency. As for inflation, the exchange rate depreciation leads to lower rates of inflation. 8. Encourage the Iraqi private sector to complement the public sector and on its development by enacting laws and the provision of facilities within his economic controls and conditions consistent with the guidance of economic policy to stimulate the state for the advancement of the Iraqi economy and capacity to push the wheel forward. 9. The overall allocation of non - strategic sectors, such as task sectors of oil, health, education and some areas of public services because these sectors of prejudice to the lives and livelihoods of individuals and the country's position and care must be taken to initiate the sale of these sectors, so it should sell or allocate a certain percentage of these sectors to stay away from the sale or total customization so not lose the state to control these vital sectors. 10. Attracting foreign investment and Arab action in Iraq by creating the right climate to offer legal facilities and economic development with an emphasis on developing new projects and existing assets rather than investment and operation of the actual percentage of national manpower and then reflect positively on the unemployment rate in Iraq, and invest the desert areas to address high real estate prices, especially if Iraq has desert areas to be exploited.
