اساليب التصميم الزخرفي في الفن الاسلامي : دراسة مقارنة == Styles of Decorative Design In Islamic Art (Comparative Study
Author name:
بسام صعب حمد
Supervisor name:
عبد الرضا بهية داود
General topic:
Fine Arts
Specific topic:
Calligraphy and Decoration
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Baghdad - College Of Fine Arts - Arabic Calligraphy And Decoration Section
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
18T935 - p.pdf
Abstract:
بعدما قام الباحث بدراسة استطلاعية، على التصاميم الزخرفية النباتية المنجزة على المخطوطات الورقية، في القرن العاشر الهجري/ السادس عشر الميلادي. وجد ان هنالك ثمة اوجه تشابه متعددة، ولكن ثمة اختلافات واضحة، سواء على مستوى المفردات والمكونات، او على مستوى الان | After an exploratory study done by the researcher on plant decorative designs on paper manuscripts during the 10th AH century / 16th AD century. The researcher found that there are many similarities, yet there are also some obvious differences, both at the level of motifs and components, or at the level of construction and configuration, also he noticed that there are two distinct Art schools which had established their characteristics and properties gradually through the Safavid school in Persia and the Ottoman school in the land of Anatolia (turkey). Although the two schools are included in the Islamic circle of Art, both show distinct and obvious characteristics. Thus a detailed study required to show both similarities and differences, especially as the researcher had found out as a result of his continuous research in this field and his study of curriculum in the departments of Arabic calligraphy and ornamentation in the scientific institutions concerned in this type of art. That there is confusion and overlap in the way decorative design is applied in these institutions. This requires that we show these differences by answering the following : {What are the similarities and the differences between the two schools of art (the Safavid and the Ottoman) regarding the styles of designing floral decoration?} The importance of research, in that : 1 - It can contribute to enrich the students with the knowledge and competence in various fields.2 - It can contribute in cementing the curriculum, especially in the field of Islamic decorative arts. The research aims at : Revealing the nature of the decorative design styles in the two Islamic schools of art (Safavid and Ottoman) during the 10th AH century /16thAD century.This is achieved by conducting a comparison between these styles and determining the similarities and differences between these schools, based on the following criteria : 1 - Systems of space division.2 - Styles of construction and structure.3 - Types of decorative design.4 - Units of floral motifs.5 - Treatment of colors and methods of illumination. The research is also limited to floral decorative designs which are colored and illuminated on paper manuscripts, such manuscripts are found in the Riza Abbasi Museum in Iran and in Sulaimani Library in Turkey during the above mentioned period. The theoretical framework included the following subjects : Emergence of plant motifs in Islamic art (Introduction) and then referred to the school Safavid in Persia, and to the school the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia, styles of floral decorative design (regarding space division, and methods of construction and structure), color treatment and methods of illumination, components of floral decorative design, types and units of floral motifs (glass, flower), as well as structural units and design bases of floral decorations. The researcher followed in his procedures a descriptive analytic method to reach the results that can accomplish his goal in solving the problem.A sample has been chosen on purpose, 8 samples have been chosen out of a community of 80 forms. The analytic form have been designed and presented to the experts to ensure its validity an ability to achieve the desired goal.The research has reached the following result : 1 - The styles of the Safavid school was influenced by the styles of Chinese arts and the styles of Tamarid school , whilst the Ottoman school was influenced by the Safavid school , and by the Roman Seljuks arts , as well as the Chinese arts.2 - The systems of space division seems to be alike in both schools (Ottoman and Safavid), represented by five divisional systems which are : (bilateral, quadrilateral, radial, network, stripes) systems.3 - The two schools show similarities in their utilization of the double construction (flower cup, floral), yet they show differences in their utilization of the single style of construction for one of these types, the differences are shown in both ways of space construction which are the free and the repetition styles, or even through the use of units belonging to other types within other types of construction.4 - The components of the design (structures) show similarities in both schools regarding their construction of design and the way of placement.5 - Generally, the two schools have used the same methods in utilizing units and types of floral motifs, yet they differ in the minute details of the motif shapes.6 - Color treatment in both schools are close, both utilize the same colors like (deep blue) and (gold dye), these two colors in particular cover most of the space in the chosen samples.7 - Ottoman and Safavid schools used the same illumination methods called (tazmik)
