الصراع الدولي على المياه حوض النيل انموذجا (بعد 2011) == International Water'S Conflict Nile Basin Model (After 2011)
Author name:
دنيا عباس مضروب
Supervisor name:
ليلى عاشور الخزرجي
General topic:
Political Science
Specific topic:
International Economic Relations
Degree:
Master
University:
Al-Nahrain University - Faculty Of Political Science - Department Of International Economic Relations
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
14T709 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The African Continent was one of the most regions of the world ignored and excluded along with the different stages of Globalization, since the end of the Cold War and launching of the so - called (New World System). The African Countries witnessed further marginalization which is clearly evident by low economic growth in the productive sectors and increasing the burden of the outward debts and the deterioration of the political and social conditions. But after a long neglecting, the various forces in the world show interest in the African Continent where since the latter half of the nineties of the last century, the continent has occupied an important position in the strategies developed by the major powers in order to control the world in the future as a result of what is owned by the brown continent of natural bounties and raw materials especially the oil which became the mover vital element of the global economy. Anyone who reads the history of Africa, he will see clearly that there is a history of conflicts and disputes in which the foreign ambitions were contended in it and the crises were interlocked. The forms of conflicts may be different and their causes from one country to another, however, many African countries in which many conflicts arose out, the resources played a key role in raising them which was a cause of the reasons that lead to conflicts within the African state or outside, whether it will be the cause of obtaining or keeping them. If the conflict between the nations in its various dimensions is a struggle for growth and upgrading which the natural resources are its most important elements. The water resource, as represented by its importance of human life and its impact on its progress and development, forms today the most important theme of this conflict.The water is considered as the strength of life and its basis which is irreplaceable; it is the pillar of every civilization and deve'lopment. Water has turned to be the most important axis of international conflicts in the fourth quarter of the last century. The water problems and the conflict over water resources is not new concern in the international politics, but the water sector, the water policy and the development of river resources has become, in the recent centuries, the most important areas of interest that the men of government and politics were busy in many countries of the world. The warnings of turning the water wars became increasingly dangerous to be something realistic and inevitable with returning the sparring in many countries about the distribution of water quotas, perhaps the most recently is the existing dispute between the countries of Nile Basin. The Nile River is considered as unique geographical fact being passes in eleven African countries added Republic of South Sudan which differs in its social characteristics, population composition and religious beliefs. Despite these differences and psychological barriers, but the Nile collected them in water unit that is a joint determination known as Nile Basin Countries, the waters of the Nile is a common wealth for all the basin states entitled to engage in it in all - faceted as much as what previous agreements were approved on the independence and the subsequent agreements that were entrusted to the rules of international law organized the rules of the use of international rivers and cross - border in non - navigational purposes.As for the problem of the study that the Nile water issue is not started these days, the topic is related to the beginning of the'last century, it was a serious progress in the fifties and sixties. But it was remained as a theoretical evolution, until the year of 2011 came in to go off the crisis between the fountainhead countries in central Africa and especially Ethiopia and the two downstream countries in North, which are Egypt and Sudan. With the growing of demands of these countries in redistributing the river water quotas, regional and international powers have played a role in effect on relations between the Nile Basin Countries increasing the severity of the crisis among themselves which are Israel and the Zionist influence in some of these countries that are (Ethiopia, South Sudan, Kenya , Uganda), United States of America and China which played a stimulating role in the conflict of water in the basin either directly or indirectly to achieve their interests in that region. As for the importance of the study, it took the problem of international conflict and the relationship of that conflict on the water with great interest in the last time in academia and the decision - makers circles at the international level. The water problem imposed itself as one of the key topics that carries the hope of future cooperation or warn of international conflicts breaking out wars on them, also the fear of the role of external forces and the reality of its role played in the relations within the regional system of the Nile Basin
