التنوع الشكلي للخطوط المبكرة في المصحف الشريف == The Formal Variation of The Early Calligraphies In The Holly Quran
Author name:
كفاح جمعة حافظ
Supervisor name:
عبد الرضا بهية داود
General topic:
Fine Arts
Specific topic:
Calligraphy and Decoration
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Baghdad - College Of Fine Arts - Arabic Calligraphy And Decoration Section
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
18T748 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The problem of the research represented in a basic question : (What is the formal variation of the early calligraphies in the holly Quran?) The research aims to answer this question mentioned in the problem The research deals with the calligraphing models which arrived to us from the period of prophecy to the end of second century of Hijra , which represented with the holly pages of Quran.The theoretic frame dealt with the following subjects : notating the Quran in era of prophet Mohammed (peace to be upon him),and the material which were the Qurans written on at the beginning of Islam ,the research dealt also with the spreading of calligraphy in the first two centuries of Islam. The second research deals with the variation of Quranic calligraphies at the beginning of Islam.The third research deals with emotions and admiration, then the fourth one deals with spacing between suras and decorations. The last research dealt with what the researcher concluded about the variation of the early letters in the holly Quran through using tables showed that variation.The indicators of theoretical frame and the previous studiesThe researcher followed in his procedures the descriptive approach to come to results that achieve his aims and solve his problem.The sample was chosen deliberately where the number of samples was (10) samples out of (40) models. The tools (form) was designed and submitted to the experts to assure its validity and achieving the aims.The researcher came to several results which are : 1 - Some Quranic calligraphy characterize with simplicity in drawining the letter or the formal building of the page ,on the contrary of other kinds came in high accurate drawining.2 - Variation of the one letter form in the same calligraphy and its appearance in various forms, whether it was connected or disconnected, it helped the calligrapher in finding the differentiation among the forms of the letter and choosing the suitable form in building the designing frame for the Quranic page.3 - The calligrapher , who concerned with drawining the letters , characterized with perfect generally, this seem clear through the models which we got.4 - The pages which were written with the Quranic calligraphy were full of lines wher e their number reached (32) lines, where in other kinds they did not overcome (3) lines ,where their average was (11) lines through analyzing the models. The average of number of the words in the single line was (5) words according to analyzing the samples.5 - The Arabic calligraphy achieved great change in the formal pages for letters and the systems of their building, as a result of taking care of Moslim calligraphers at that time in improving and decorating the Arabic letter and taking care of the aesthetic side of the letters images and their connections to achieve the functional and aesthetic aims in the holly Quranic.6 - The multi - levels systems did not appear at the beginning ,while the simple lining system was adopted in the lines of holly Quranic page ,with appearing of a simple way to form a single letter over the other as in the sample number (6) in the word (aladthab).7 - The decoration became representing the added unity, when it entered on the Quranic calligraphy ,but the calligraphy remained with its Sovereign and dominated role in the holly Quranic.The researcher recommended to make use of his results and vocabulary in supporting and activating the study Curriculum concerned with early calligraphies generally, in the concerned departments within the artful collages and institutes.The researcher proposed studying the variation of the early calligraphies for the next periods as third and fourth centuries and the advanced periods and make a comparison study about their formal variation.
