تحديد العناصر المشعة الطبيعية في النفط الخام المنتج من ابار حقل الغراف النفطي باستخدام مطيافية اشعة كاما == Determination of Natural Radioactive Elements in Al - Garraf Crude Oil Well Using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
Author name:
ايات شرهان سعدون
Supervisor name:
جبار ماضي راشد
General topic:
Physics
Specific topic:
Physics
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Thi-Qar - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Dhi Qar
First pages:
26T1612 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Natural radioactive materials (NORM) that accompany oil and gas production from a real problem for the environment and the people. These radioactive substances can from a significant threat to workers in the field of crude oil if the concentrations exceed permissible limits. Natural radioactivity due to U - 238, Th - 232, Ra - 226, Ra - 228 and K - 40 in crude oil samples collected from al Gharraf oil field in Thi Qar province, south of Iraq. 15 wells were selected to take crude oil samples from this field. were measured using gamma ray spectrometry based on scintillation detection 3 x 3 inch NaI (Tl).The radioactivity concentrations of U - 238,Th - 232,Ra - 226,Ra - 228 and K - 40 values in the studied oil samples ranged (0.92 - 5.02 Bq / kg),(1.42 - 5.27 Bq/ kg) , (0.91 - 5.81 Bq / kg) ,(1.56 - 4.52 Bq / kg) and (60.45 - 138.88 Bq / kg) respectively. The equivalent concentration for each of Ra - 226 and Th - 232 and K - 40 has been calculated for all samples and was found to be between (7.60 - 24.04) Bq / kg , (5.39 - 16.98) Bq / kg and (98.78 - 313.10) Bq/Kg respectively.The absorbed dose for these concentrations were calculated using three equations supported by ICRP, UNSCEAR and BECK and we found that the absorbed dose according to ICRP, UNSCEAR and BECK for all samples ranged between (1.378 - 5.675) , (3.85 - 11.00) and (3.881 - 11.496) respectively. The calculated values of the annual effective dose rate and excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were between and (0.591 - 2.436591 ), respectively.The external and internal hazard index also calculated and found ranges between ⁄ and (0.023 - 0.081 ⁄ ), respectively. The results obtained indicate that concentrations of radioactive elements targeted in this study were within safe limits despite the variation in the concentration values between samples. We therefore conclude that the natural radioactivity due to U - 238,Th - 232,Ra - 226,Ra - 228 and K - 40 in crude oil samples collected from al Gharraf oil field in Thi Qar province poses no risk to workers according to standards set by International Commission onRadiological Protection Publication (ICRP60),World Health Organization(WHO)and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).
