الخصائص الفنية الزخرفية في المدرسة المغربية == Decorative Artistry Characteristics In Moroccan School
Author name:
لؤي نزيه مطلك
Supervisor name:
كريم حواس علي الساعدي
General topic:
Fine Arts
Specific topic:
Calligraphy and Decoration
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Baghdad - College Of Fine Arts - Arabic Calligraphy And Decoration Section
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
18T1147 - p.pdf
Abstract:
ان الفنان المسلم استلهم مفرداته من الطبيعة ومن الاشكال البسيطة كالمستقيمات والمربعات والمثلثات والدوائر، وقد كان هناك اوجه تشابه واختلاف في الوقت نفسه بين المدارس الزخرفية، مما جعل الامر يلتبس على كثير من المزخرفين لا سيما الدارسين في حقل الاختصاص، وقد ات | Muslim artist inspired his vocabularies from the nature and from simple forms such as straights , squares , triangular and circles. At the same time there was similarity and contrast in decorative school which led to confusion for many of those practice decoration (decorators ) specially the specialists. Due to exploratory studying and continuation upon research society represented in Moroccan Islamic Architecture through photographs and images in books and references concerning Moroccan decorations of Islamic architecture , it was obvious to the researcher that artistry and scientific necessities required identify those artistry characteristics of Moroccan school and the most prominent characteristics and features of Moroccan school.Accordingly the researcher formulated the problem of the research through the following question : " what are the artistry characteristics in the Moroccan decoration " ? The importance of the research has embodied in identifying the artistry characteristics of the decoration and all its kinds ( plants , geometrical and linear ). The researchers exposed the contributions of Moroccan school in designing and execution o decoration upon Islamic architecture. The objective of the research is to answer the mentioned question within the problem of the research. The research was defined with decorative artistry characteristics in Moroccan school with its kinds ( plants , geometrical and linear ) in mosques , schools , shrines and those executed on ( stone , gypsum , wood , vitrified tiles ) from the period of ( 745H - 1345A.D )to ( 1390H - 1971 A.D ). The second chapter included the following subjects : The stages of development of Moroccan decoration , architectural decorative components , Islamic architecture elements, areal divisions of the decorations , besides the design foundations of architecture decoration , construction relation , raw materials and execution techniques. followed by theoretical framework and previous studies.The researcher followed in conducting the research descriptive method ( analyzing the content ) in order to reach the objectives of the research. The samples were chosen intentionally. The researcher chose ( 6 ) six samples for his research and the total number of the sample were ( 60 ) sixty samples represented the society of the samples. The analyze form was in accordance theoretical framework and exposing it to several experts to confirm its validity. According to the analyzing form, the selected analyzing sample, where showed a collection of results as follows : - 1 - Single work of one decoration type( engineering), which is based on steroid shapes, which originated non - steroid shapes resulted from the crossed lines and their reflections represented by the straight and vertical ,horizontal and diagonal, which shaped multiple shapes amongst semi - steroid elements and rhombus shapes and irregular shapes.2 - Dual two types decoration work ( plan and engineering), the plant decorations have involved cupped indentations of single, double and triple pods as for the geometrical shapes inspired from bees hives and the Muslim artist has inspired these shapes to express the accuracy and regularity via repeated of geometrical shapes regularly.3 - Three decoration work( plant, geometry, writing)the basic unit included texts with Al - Thulith and Al - Nasakh Moroccan calligraphy due to sequenced line distribution system interspersed by plant decorations whose construction leaves and single double and triple cup items in addition to geometrical decorations represented by steroid and non - steroid shapes, as for the steroid shapes which included eight steroid and non - steroid shapes represented by irregular geometrical shapesBased on the results , the researcher have reached to a collection of conclusions represented by the following : - 1 - The development and the maturity that the Moroccan decoration art has reached along the development stage, does not come emptiness but connected series extended to be integral period for the previous one and it is an evidence to the innovation mental development extent, and the skill decoration expertise of the Moroccans at the same time.2 - The plant, geometrical and writing decorations of the arts widely used in the Moroccans Islamic architecture and has come the most distinguished elements and gains the Moroccan decoration attention via various the historical eras of the ancients fundamentals, also has dominance in a lot of architecture land marks.3 - The diversity in the decoration items( plant, geometrical and writing) of general appearance and the interior stuff and with colored diversified outcomes whether for single , double and triple types have contributed in add the diversified and multiplicity of the decoration items in one connected design unit.According to what the researcher has reached of results and conclusions and to complete the benefit and knowledge, the researcher has viewed to specify to a collection of recommendations most important of which are : 1 - To get benefit from the current research results to enhance curricula for the concerned Dept. amongst calligraphy and Islamic decoration Dept. in the institutes and colleges of fine arts.2 - Paying attention with the Moroccans school in the field of decoration of its various types of their aesthetic distinguished richness, on the executed works of Islamic architecture. And to complete the requirement of the research and to realize the scientific benefit, the researcher has presented a collection of suggestions ,benefited to be successive studies as follows : - 1 - The artistic characteristics of the Moroccans decorations on the pottery.2 - Aesthetic of the Moroccans decoration on the plate form
