مبدا عدم الاعادة القسرية للاجئين في القانون الدولي == The Principle Of Non - Refoulement For Refugees In International Law
Author name:
رنا سلام امانة
Supervisor name:
مها محمد ايوب | سلام منعم مشعل
General topic:
Law
Specific topic:
Public International Law
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
Al-Nahrain University - Collage Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
13T1532 - p.pdf
Abstract:
A phenomenon of asylum has become a humanitarian phenomenon as a result of succession political, economic and social crises and transformations experienced by the countries of the world.This phenomenon is still on the rise because of the continuation of the causes of persecution , violence , wars and disasters, and breach of a broad human rights, it is worthy to say here , of offering and providing international protection for people who seek asylum and protection from their countries of origin, as providing this protection is an international obligation that fall on the shoulders of prescribed States under international conventions and treaties, and it is considered , as well , the most important aspects of this protection , as the obligation of States to protect the person who requests or who gained refugee status from the forcible return of the country to which he fled, and it is what is known as non - refoulement.Accordingly , countries are obliged not to return an asylum seeker or refugee who fled from their own countries if the person in such obliged cases would be endangered, or threatened for reasons of race or religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or to adopt certain political viewsIn the very beginning , the Geneva Convention contained and stated on this commitment for refugees of 1951 in the article of ((33F or F2)) which committed signatory by states and became the longer one of the basic principles of asylum law, but the legal development of this principle forced the projectors of most of the international and regional conventions such as the Convention of the European and the American Convention to include this principle to its importance and for the reasons of its direct contact to the life and the freedom of a refugee, as has become the cornerstone of the international protection.And for the reasons of acquisition this importance , these countries have become committed not only the States which were signed to the 1951 Convention, but all the States , then this principle has become a principle as part of the customary international law as a command rule. The obligation of States to non - refoulement includes asylum seekers and refugees on its territory, or who are under the effective control, and also who are presented at the border, so the State has no right to close its borders and refused to receive the refugees at the border.The respond to the State's obligation has not mention to any of non - refoulement, but specific exceptions that referred to , in the second paragraph of Article (33) where the States approved not to apply the principle of non - refoulement if the presence of the person to be brought back as a threat to public order and security, or representing a threat to the host country or to any of people in that society or if it has been sentenced to a criminal misdemeanor. In these cases, the State may be in breach of its obligation not to return and without expanding in the interpretation and application of those mentioned exceptions.Thus , countries that refuse or return a refugee or forced refugees at the border to the country to which they fled from or to any other country where their lives or freedom at risk had breached the principle of non - refoulement and breached the obligation that imposed by the international conventions and customary international law on the other hand.
