انتاج مشتقات الكايتوسان الذائبة بالماء والمستخلصة من قشور الروبيان بتفاعلات ميلارد وتطبيقاتها في بعض الانظمة الغذائية == Production of Water soluble Chitosan derivatives extracted from shrimp shells by Maillard reaction and their application in some food systems
Author name:
عاليه جميل علي
Supervisor name:
علي حسين عبد الكريم العامري | منير عبود جاسم الطائي
General topic:
Agricultural sciences
Specific topic:
Food
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
31T1821 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The study included the preparation of of chitin from shrimps shells Penaeus semisulcatus and studied of chemical composition of it like moisture,ash and protein wich was 7.80,0.43and3.50%respectively,The yield was 20.0%,then prepared three different types of Chitosan A,B and C from extracted chitin by removing of acetyl group from chitin at different times 4,10 and 20 hour, determination degree of deacetylation for types of Chitosan and standard Chitosanby FTIR 72.30,83.60,98.50 and85.20% respectively as was the viscosity of the three types of Chitosan 137.70,125.21 and74.11 centipoise respectively, selected Chitosan C,which carries ahigher valuedegree of deacetylation 98.50% and studied physico chemical and functional properties,which included (yield ,moisture , ash, protein and solubility) which amounted to16.20, 5.50, 0.20, 1.15 and 98.90%, respectively and reached a molecular weight (17.782) kilo daltone.Capacity of Chitosan to bind fat FBC and water WBC by using three types of oils are (olive oil, corn oil and sunflower oil) were estimated and were givin the highest capacity link with olive oil 665.0%, while the ability to bind Water amounting to 772%, as measured X - ray diffraction (XRD) and use the scanner electron microscope (SEM) to see morphological Chitosan and standard Chitosan Chitosan and the standard Chitosan, while the profile of the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) for Chitosan and standard Chitosan show that highest thermal decomposition at 308.56 ,315.92ᵒc respectively .The water soluble Chitosan derivatives were prepared by reaction with five types of reducing sugars by Maillard reactions and the use of three treatments,first treatment at a temperature of 50ᵒc for 1 - 7 days, the second treatment at a temperature of 100ᵒc for 1 - 7 hours and the third treatment at a temperature of 121ᵒc for 1/4 hour by autoclaving, ,and the properties of these derivatives were studied estimated yield, solubility, stability, free amino groups and the change in reducing sugars. highest value of yield gavein by The third - treatment, second treatment, first treatment reached 45.20,43.50,040.0% either solubility reached 1.10 ,0.780, 0.82 g/100 ml and derivatives stability at pH between10.50, 10.0, 9.80 respectively, The largest amount of amino groups and reducing sugars was the first treatment at absorbance 0.590 and0.352 respectively while the second an third treatment amounting to (0.201 and 0.060) respectively for amino groups , and 0.400 and 0.100 respectively for reducing sugars.Properties of antioxidants for prepared Chitosan and its derivatives. The antioxidant activity of Chitosan ranged between17.8 - 73.2%, while the highest activity for the third treatment of derivatives, the second and the first ranged of 76 0.81 - 85.88, 71.30 - 82.70 and 66.01 - 78.50% respectively, The reducing power of chitosan ranged between 0.320 - 0.700, while the highest value of absorbence of reducing power of derivatives to the Third treatment and then the second and finally the first which amounted to 1.290, 1.201 and 0.693 respectively, while the ability of chitosan to chelating ferrous ion and scavenging hydroxyl radical range between27.60 - 72.99%and16.90 - 84.9% respectively.Thehighest percentage to scavenging hydroxyl radical and ability to chelating ferrous ion by derivatives is shown by the third the second and the first treatment reaching 89.98 and 82.8 ,88.80 and 81.90, 84.80 and 76.01 % respectively, the selected third - treatment derivatives (121ᵒc for 1/4 hour) because of its best properties and carried the tests such as analysis of thermal gravimetric (TGA) that was noted three stages to different degrees heat to the disintegration of the derivatives, and the detection of toxicity on human bloodThird treatment compounds identified by GC - MS and the results showed that the derivatives have defferant compounds ,and identified compounds name, molecular formula, structural formula, molecular weight, size and retention time in addition to the profile mass spectrometerIn the practical side the use prepared chitosan in increasing storage time of table eggs, physicochemical tests were carried out for eggs stored at a temperature of 15 ᵒc and for aperiod of six weeks, it included estimation of weight loss (WL) wich amounted to 3.36% for chitosan at the six week as compared with acetic acid and control sample wich 9.01 and 8.96% respectively.Value of yolk Index YI of Chitosan - coated eggs decreased at the sixth week, amounted to 0.35, as compared with acetic acid and control sample wich reached (0.19 and 0.22) respectively, The value of Haugh Unit HU in the sixth week was higher to Chitosan treatment wich amounted to 61.42 compared with acetic acid treatment and control sample wich is24.95 and24.37 respectively.As regards eggs grading EG Chitosan treatment ongradiation A up to fifth week while acetic acid treatment and control sample reached gradiation C , when estimating pH of egg albumin pH high increased has been noted in control and sample treated by acetic acid in compared with chitosan - coated sample wich ranged 9.30, .Chitosan derivatives were also used chitosan as - natural antioxidants in beef products through the follow - up assessment peroxide value at different storage time the highest concentration 0.11g/100g beef meat displays the highest activity to prevent oxidation oil of beef meat wich reached5.11.Asensory evaluation has been carried of product stored on a 4ᵒc for 5 days of recipes sensory color,flavor,juiciness, tenderness and public acceptance using different concentrations.They have shown significant deferences ,but concentration at (0.11g/100g beef meat)was superior over the other concentrations and samples treated with BHT
