المعتمد بن عباد موضوعا (شعريا) بين ابن اللبانة الداني وابن حمديس موازنة فنية == AL - MUTAMAD IBN ABBAD IS A POETIC THEME BETWEEN IBN AL - LABANA AL - DANY AND IBN HAMDIS : A TECHNICAL COMPARATIVE
Author name:
خـديـجـة هاشم عــنـون الــعــوادي
Supervisor name:
ستار جبار رزيج
General topic:
Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic:
Language
Degree:
Master
University:
Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Muthanna
First pages:
01T4815 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Al - Mutamad Ibn Abbad Al - Ashbely is an Andalusian prince and poet who was possessed by alienation and living away from country. His poetry, which is diverse according to the diversity of its purposes, is characterized by nostalgia plaint, remorse anguish, patience bitterness and friend betrayal. His experience of expatriation was not restricted to his continuous plaint for his homeland but also expanded to include the repetition of this experience as he lost his large homeland (Al - Andalus), he also lost his small homeland (Sevilla) which he ruled a period of time. He returned to suffer from its downfall in hands of enemies. This point is what made other poets including Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly discussed the status of Al - Mutamad as a prince and prisoner. The present study adopts observing, reading and analyzing the presence of Al - Mutamad as a poetic theme in the last poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, which contain in their last part deep humanistic moments experienced by Al - Mutamad who suffered from exile and faced his death as a tragic reality. The experiences of being captured and exiled were the important painful experiences discussed by the two poets in an honest humanistic sense since they represent a pure personal expression shared by another that seemed a viewer establishing a diverse reality not experienced by the self. Presenting Al - Mutamad in this sad experience cannot be considered as a declaration of a specific affiliation which relies on a politic theme to penetrate the text for the purposes of spreading and outgrowing. Pain moments are shorter and deeper than filling their gaps by theorizing and its senseless shapes that cannot originate from the heart and do not harmonize feeling especially when these moments are mixed with a sense of deep alienation as in the experience of Al - Mutamad. Poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, whose essence is Al - Mutamad, are full of pain of Al - Mutamad's last exile which was imposed upon him by capturing. These poems portrayed the sense of death in the poet's strange consciousness who was suffering from two crises : his alienation from homeland as well as his death away from homeland. This explains Al - Mutamad's patriotism and humanity or their mixing together in a tearful poetic voice full of hope which does not appear in a lot of sad scenes during his capturing. The study consists of a preliminary and three chapters. The preliminary deals with Al - Mutamad's life before and during capturing. Chapter one discusses the poetic language and the role of words, structures and discourse with taking into account the sad atmospheres that the poet lived through his exile after capturing with concentration, condensation and brevity. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the poetic images, the use of these images through discussing Al - Mutamad's issue as well as the role of passion and imagination in expressing the issue of the homeland firstly and Al - Mutamad secondly. Furthermore, it deals with Al - Badiaa in their poetry. Chapter three focuses on the rhythm and its role in dealing with the homeland issue and Ibn Abbad between passion and awareness of homeland issue through adopting approaches including narrative and dialogue to reach at a perfect logical vision of the intellectual and psychological dimensions of Al - Mutamad. The most important conclusions the study arrives at are : 1. The prominence of the reforming and moralizing features in poetry of the two poets in the period preceding the state downfall. Those poets had a historical role via directing speeches to people of Al - Andalus in that era. Therefore, their poetry was characterized by adopting prohibition, interrogation as well as appeal styles as linguistic and technical devices to make the idea received by all people not only by a special class of people. 2. Clarity had a special presence among other technical features adopted by the two poets in the phase preceding the state downfall because reforming approach was required for those poets. Their main concern was not only affecting emotions and feelings of recipients through the music of the text but also making the text (their poetry) full of ideas and meanings that could have been written in prose and this feature was embodied in several axes including : the thematic axis in which most ideas and contents seem simple, superficial and free from any depth and do not reveal ideas and meanings in the poet's mind and his ability to portray life. Moreover, in the linguistic axis most words and structures appear in their highest levels of clarity through their pragmatic existence as well as their linguistic relation within the text. Therefore, this feature made poetic sentences close to prose ones except their special prosodic characteristics. Clarity can be considered as a positive feature if another aesthetic features are associated with it as what has been seen in poetry of some poets such as Ibn Zaidoun, Mohammad Ibn Ammar and others whose poetic language was simple, full of expressing musical rhythm and exciting technical images in addition to the clear coherence within the text.3. Some poems of Ibn Al - Labana and Ibn Hamdis before the state downfall were characterized with the prose feature or what is critically known as reportorial feature and this is due to the clarity of ideas and contents firstly and the prominence of rhetoric characteristic with its technical mechanisms including command, prohibition, interrogation and appeal secondly. Additionally, their poetry was full of pragmatically common expressions and some of which were not harmonious metrically and phonetically. All these made their poetry close to prose
